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اقبال سے نیا مکالمہ براستہ بانگِ درا
No full textThe ever-changing circumstances of life demand that Allama Muhammad Iqbal's claim that his poetry is an interpretation of the Quran and Sunnah be re-examined. Since the publication of his first poetic collection, Bang-e-Dara, until now, so much has been written about his philosophy that some critics say there's nothing left to explore. We believe that the existing critiques should be re-evaluated.With this aim, we revisited our notes on Bang-e-Dara on its centennial anniversary. These writings helped us understand how Iqbal's ideas had once filled us with conviction and confidence, but also led to doubts and uncertainty at times.If we had been convinced that Iqbal's poetry possessed universality, we could have spent the rest of our lives with that conviction. However, as we delved deeper into research, we were faced with an endless array of questions. It was then that we decided to engage in a direct dialogue with Iqbal through Bang-e-Dara.Due to the vastness of the topics covered in this poetic collection, it was impossible to discuss them all in this brief article. Therefore, we selected a few poems and ghazals to ask Iqbal how he can guide us in the modern era. We also asked if new events could diminish his impact. This article attempts to find answers to these questions and more
دیباچہ’’بانگِ درا‘‘ پر ایک نظر
No full textIqbal’s first Urdu poetry collection, Bang-e-Dra, was published in 1924. The preface to this collection was written by Sheikh Abdul Qadir, one of Iqbal’s closest friends. Their friendship began during Iqbal's student days at Government College Lahore and deepened over time. In the preface to Bang-e-Dra, Sheikh Abdul Qadir discusses various aspects of Iqbal’s life, education, poetry, and literary works. He also mentions the teachers who played a significant role in shaping Iqbal’s education and training.According to Sheikh Abdul Qadir, the poems written during Iqbal’s stay in Europe reflect a unique influence of European society. The preface is particularly significant because it includes events that Sheikh Abdul Qadir personally witnessed, making him the sole narrator of these occurrences. This gives the preface a distinctive and important position in the context of Iqbal studies. However, some of the conclusions drawn by Sheikh Abdul Qadir regarding certain events have been contested by later interpreters of Iqbal’s work. The objective of this study is to critically analyze the preface written by Sheikh Abdul Qadir and shed light on key points that have been a source of disagreement among Iqbal’s critics and scholars
احمد مشتاق کی شاعری میں عصری حسّیت
No full textAhmad Mushtaq is one of the Modern Leading and reputed Pakistani Poets who is well known for his unique Poetic style. He has Neo classical tone and has no commitmental poetry. This research paper highlights the refinement / cultural values, collectiveness and ecological aspects in his poetry . According to Ahmad Mushtaq, along with poetry, knowledge of music and other fine arts should also be accessible. He created a transparent style in modern Urdu ghazal. In which one gets a glimpse of the experts who make small pictures. Deep thoughts and philosophical elements are less in his poetry. He is a poet of mixed emotions
اقبال کےشعری مجموعہ `بانگ درا `میں مصطفیٰ کمال اتاترک کی عکاسی
No full textMuhammad Iqbal's first poetry collection in Urdu, Bang-e Dara, was published in 1924. This collection, which consists of Urdu poems written between 1901 and 1924, is divided into three periods in terms of Iqbal's political and intellectual views. Patriotism and nationalist tendencies are common in the poems he wrote in the1stperiod.The 2nd period covers his stay in Europe, in which he writes poems with messages and is seen more as a poet who gives advice. The 3rd period covers his poems between 1908-1924 and focuses on the Islamic world. Iqbal's poems about the Turks in Bang-e-Daara are among the poems he wrote in this period. He wrote indirect poems about Turks in Bang-e-Daara as well as direct poems such as Hazoor-e-Risalatmaab, Fatima Bint-e-Abdullah, Muhasarah-e-Adirna. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey, was the subject of Iqbal's poems, as were many other literary figures of the time who wrote in Urdu. There are poems about Atatürk in his other books also, but in this study his poems in Bang-e-Dara are given a specialplace. In this study, Iqbal's poems about Turks in Bang-e-Dara will be discussed in general and the couplets he wrote about Mustafa Kemal Atatürk will be analyse
بانگ درا میں موج کی علامت (علامہ اقبال کا تصور حرکت و زندگی)
No full textThis article explores Allama Iqbal’s philosophy centered on life, movement, and action, emphasizing constant growth and struggle as essential elements of human existence. Through his poetry and prose, especially his lectures in The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, Iqbal presents life as a dynamic force requiring continual progress and alignment with nature's principles. The symbol of "wave" (Mauj) in his poetry represents life's perpetual motion, striving, and evolution, encapsulating the essence of growth, self-awareness, and collective progress. By depicting movement as the essence of life, Iqbal motivates individuals and societies to rise above stagnation, face challenges courageously, and foster self-improvement and unity within their communities. His vision extends beyond individual transformation to include societal awakening through innovation, spiritual democracy, and ijtihad. Iqbal’s poetry, enriched by metaphors of waves, inspires resilience, self-realization, and a steadfast commitment to change. His message of continuous movement and renewal remains a timeless call to action, guiding humanity towards collective and personal development
اردو ناول میں سماجی عدم مساوات اور نسل کا کلامیہ
No full textInequality has many social forms. Economic, religious, ethnic and gender are the general differential phenomena on the basis of which the difference between the benefited and the deprived is found in the society. This difference becomes social when it is aimed at a group of people rather than the individual. Discrimination on the basis of race becomes a social reality when it begins to shape the minds of individuals through discourse. The overview of the capitalist economy of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries India, in this article, is intended to illustrate that discourse formation was influenced by discursive forces. The dominant part in this system was the colonial government which controlled the major part of business and capital. Second, most of the labor market in this system consisted of men. which helps in understanding the forces behind the formation of discourse. With this background, it becomes easy to understand who is getting what position in the discourse of Urdu novel and how this position is directly and indirectly related to the socio-economic structure. The novel had group differences based on the distribution of wealth and access to financial resources, but in the Urdu novelistic discourse, ethnic consciousness is found more than class consciousness. Often writers discriminate between individuals on the basis of ethnicity rather than wealth or poverty. This article using the methods of discourse analysis, traces the order of the discourse and production of discourse through the lens of Urdu novel
الطاف فاطمہ کے افسانوں میں منفی کردار…خصوصی مطالعہ
No full textA variety of negative characters created by short story writers happen to be female characters. We see different facts of these negative female characters in different political, psychological, social and moral aspects. The most prominent writers who presented these characters includes Bano Qudsia, Hajira Masroor, Razia Fasih Ahmad, Farkhanda Lodhi, Nilofer Iqbal, Salman Awan, Raees Fatima, Fehmida Riaz, Farhat Perveen, Altaf Fatima, Mumtaz Shireen, Khadija Masroor, Atiya Sayyed, Firdous Haider and Perveen Atif. This research paper analysis the moral, religious and psychological dilemmas of the lives of these characters in Altaf Fatimas’s short stories
احسان دانش: شاعرِ مزدور
No full textEhsan Danish has his own distinct identity in the literature of twentieth century folk and local poetry. That is why he is called the poet of labour. Ehsan Danish in his poems has fully reflected the lower class, especially the problems of the workers and their suffering and pains. A large part of his poetic themes are in opposition to the feudal system. But his poetic temperament differs from the point of view of the progressive movement. Ehsan Danish’s protests and uprisings against capitalistic culture is the topic of this article
نیلم احمد بشیر کے افسانوی موضوعات کا اجمالی جائزہ
No full text Neelam Ahmed Basheer holds an important place among the women fiction writers of Urdu. She is one of the few bold, fearless and truthful fiction writers of Urdu literature who have written openly about social realities without fear or danger. Her scope of thought is very wide and the topics are diverse. Social and social inequalities, politics, eastern values, western culture, personal problems of men and women etc. are her main topics. She did not only describe the local problems and events in her fiction, but because of her familiarity with the American culture, she also made the American lifestyle and society her subject. Her point of view is impartial. The subject she writes about along with its dark aspects, also points out the bright aspects and this is her main feature. This article sheds light on Neelam Bashir’s fictional themes
ترکی دستورشناسی میں مرزا قتیل دہلوی کی خدمات
No full textMirza Muhammad Hassan Qateel (1757/58-1818AD) is an eminent writer, critic, lexicologist and poet of Persian language and literature of sub-continent. He was born in Delhi in a Hindu family. In the age of 18, he embraced Islam with a name of Mirza Muhammad Hassan Qateel. After that, he lived in Lucknow. He wrote near 20 books on various topics of Persian language and literature like grammar, lexicography, history, prose, prosody and poetry. Apart from Persian language and literature, Mirza Qateel also had a good grasp on Turkish language and literature. He made great efforts in the promotion of Persian language as well as Turkish language in sub-continet and not only taught Turkish language to his students but also encouraged them to write and compile books in Turkish language. Qateel himself worked on Turkish language and literature in three contexts. He wrote letters in Turkish language to his friends and students, discussed the grammatical structure of Turkish language in his works like "Nahr ul Fasahat" and "Char Sharbat" and compiled stories in Turkish language. This article deals with the contribution of Mirza Muhammad Hassan Qateel towards Turkish language and literature