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CICIIoT2023 Veri Seti ile IoT Ortamlarında Siber Saldırıların Tespiti ve Analizi
No full textThe rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has also increased the risk of cyber attacks targeting these systems. IoT devices, which often have limited processing power and security measures, are vulnerable to DDoS attacks and other cyber threats, leading to service disruptions and damage to critical infrastructures. In this study, various machine learning and deep learning algorithms were evaluated using the CICIoT2023 dataset to detect and analyze cyber attacks in IoT environments. Models such as Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Trees (DT), Naive Bayes (NB), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting (GB), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) were compared in terms of their effectiveness in attack detection. The results indicate that AI and machine learning-based approaches are effective in identifying cyber threats in IoT systems. This study aims to contribute to the development of more robust security mechanisms for IoT environments and serve as a guide for future research.Nesnelerin İnterneti (IoT) teknolojilerinin hızla yaygınlaşması, bu sistemlere yönelik siber saldırı risklerini de beraberinde getirmektedir. Özellikle sınırlı işlem gücüne ve güvenlik önlemlerine sahip IoT cihazları, DDoS saldırıları ve diğer siber tehditler karşısında savunmasız hale gelmekte, bu da hizmet kesintilerine ve kritik altyapıların zarar görmesine neden olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, IoT ortamlarında meydana gelen siber saldırıların tespit edilmesi ve analiz edilmesi amacıyla CICIoT2023 veri seti kullanılarak çeşitli makine öğrenmesi ve derin öğrenme algoritmalarının performansları değerlendirilmiştir. Lojistik Regresyon (LR), Karar Ağaçları (KA), Naive Bayes (NB), K-En Yakın Komşular (KEYK), Rasgele Orman (RO), Gradyan Artırma (GA), Aşırı Gradyan Artırma (AGA), Yapay Sinir Ağları (YSA), Uzun Kısa Süreli Bellek (UKSB), Tekrarlı Sinir Ağları (TSA) ve Evrişimli Sinir Ağları (ESA) gibi modeller kullanılarak, saldırı tespitindeki etkinlikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, yapay zekâ ve makine öğrenmesi tabanlı yaklaşımların IoT sistemlerinde siber tehditleri tespit etmede etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışma, IoT güvenliğini artırmaya yönelik daha güçlü savunma mekanizmalarının geliştirilmesine katkı sağlamayı ve gelecekteki araştırmalar için yol gösterici olmayı amaçlamaktadır
Scheduling in the Industry 5.0 Environment: A Bibliometric Analysis
No full textThe results of the bibliographic analysis evaluate the development of a field by examining publications, citations, and other metrics in the scientific literature. By bringing together the results of the analysis, trends in the literature, important figures, and the general development of the field can be understood. In this research, all scheduling studies in the Industry 5.0 environment that contained the words “Industry 5.0” and “scheduling” in the study title, abstract, and keywords were scanned using the Web of Science database. This database has a large corpus of data. As a result of the screening, a total of 62 studies were subjected to bibliometric analysis. The bibliometric package in the RStudio program was used for data analysis. As a result of the bibliometric analysis, various analyzes were performed according to year, author, keyword, source of publication, number of citations, institutions, and countries of publication, and the current situation related to academic writing was examined. According to the results obtained, industry 5.0-based scheduling studies are a very new topic that started to be studied in 2019 and has an annual growth rate of 25.99%. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Caffeine Engineered Copper Oxide Nanostructures as Ultra-Trace Amperometric Detector for Humic Acid Through Reducible Constituents
No full textOwing to three major aspects such as crops accelerating potential, evidence providing material during forensic investigation in criminal cases and creator of halogen-assisted carcinogenic by-product trihalomethanes, the monitoring of humic acid is of key attention for scientists working in concerned departments and awareness of general public. Here in this project we used a facile hydrothermal precipitation protocol for synthesising wool-ball like caffeine-assisted copper oxide nanostructures (Caf-CuONSs) using copper nitrate as precursor and caffeine as shape directing material under alkaline influence of ammonia. These nanostructures were characterised through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method and Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy for investigation of their various properties. These nanostructures were deposited on the conductive surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) followed by nafion coating and employed as highly sensitive and extremely selective sensor for humic acid detection at trace level with three linear ranges, 100-800 ppb, 10-90 ppb and 1-9 ppb with limit of detection (LOD) as low as 68 ppt. As-constructed sensor was applied for amperometric detection of humic acid in tap water with recovery from 98% to 103%, drinking water with recovery from 97.6% to 101.6% and soil sample with recovery from 96.8-102%, collected from Konya, Turkey and Multan, Pakistan, respectively. These recovery ranges were closely matched with the recovery range of 99.2-103.2% exhibited by certified reference material (CRM)
Betonarme Kolonlarda Eksenel Yük Oranı ve Burulma Momentinin, Eğilme Dayanımına Etkisi
No full textIn our country, which is located in an earthquake zone, a large majority of buildings have been constructed with reinforced concrete load-bearing systems. To ensure that buildings are earthquake-resistant, numerous experimental and analytical studies related to reinforced concrete elements are being conducted, and earthquake regulations are updated as a result of these studies. One of the most important structural elements in buildings is columns. Investigating the behavior of reinforced concrete columns under different effects is crucial for the safety of buildings located in earthquake zones. Approximately one-third of the existing building stock in our country, most of which was built before the year 2000, has torsional irregularities. It has been determined that many buildings experienced torsional collapse during the earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023. Examining the behavior of reinforced concrete columns under torsional effects and preparing appropriate strengthening techniques as a result is very important for preventing loss of life and property. In this study, the bending behaviors of 10 reinforced concrete columns under different axial loads and torsional effects were experimentally investigated. The variables of the study include axial load ratio, axial rotation/lateral displacement ratio, and transverse reinforcement spacing. Based on the data obtained from the study, load-displacement, envelope curve, bending moment-curvature, torsional moment-rotation, stiffness, and cumulative energy consumption graphs for the columns were drawn. The damages that occurred in the columns during the experiment were examined, plastic hinge regions were measured, and a new plastic hinge model was proposed based on the variables of the study. Using the obtained data, a new triple interaction model that includes axial load-torsional moment-bending moment for reinforced concrete columns was presented. Both the plastic hinge model and the triple interaction model were discussed in terms of their effectiveness by comparing them with other models in the literature. The plastic rotation values that occurred in the columns were compared with the plastic rotation limit values in TBDY-2018 to evaluate the torsional effect.Deprem kuşağında yer alan ülkemizdeki binaların çok büyük kısmı betonarme taşıyıcı sistem ile inşa edilmiştir. Binaların depreme dayanıklı olması için betonarme elemanlarla ilgili çok sayıda deneysel ve analitik çalışmalar yapılmakta ve deprem yönetmelikleri bu çalışmalar neticesinde güncellenmektedir. Binalardaki en önemli yapı elemanlarından biri kolonlardır. Betonarme kolonların farklı etkiler altındaki davranışının incelenmesi, deprem kuşağında yer alan binaların emniyeti için oldukça önemlidir. Mevcut yapı stoğunun yaklaşık üçte biri 2000 yılı öncesi inşa edilen ülkemizdeki binaların çoğunda burulma düzensizliği bulunmaktadır. Özellikle 6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş depremlerinde birçok binada burulmaya bağlı göçmenin meydana geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Betonarme kolonların burulma etkisindeki davranışının incelenmesi, bunun sonucunda uygun güçlendirme tekniklerinin hazırlanması, can ve mal kayıplarının önlenmesi bakımından oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada 10 adet betonarme kolonun, farklı eksenel yük ve burulma etkilerindeki eğilme davranışları deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın değişkenlerini eksenel yük oranı, eksenel dönme/yatay ötelenme oranı ve enine donatı aralığı oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmadan elde edilen veriler ışığında kolonlara ait yük-deplasman, zarf eğrisi, eğilme momenti-eğrilik, burulma momenti-dönme, rijitlik ve kümülatif tüketilen enerji grafikleri çizilmiştir. Deney esnasında kolonlarda meydana gelen hasarlar incelenmiş, plastik mafsal bölgeleri ölçülmüş ve çalışmanın değişkenlerine bağlı olarak yeni bir plastik mafsal modeli önerilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler kullanılarak betonarme kolonlara ait eksenel yük-burulma momenti-eğilme momentini içerecek yeni bir üçlü etkileşim modeli sunulmuştur. Hem plastik mafsal modeli hem de üçlü etkileşim modeli literatürdeki diğer modeller ile kıyaslanarak etkinliği tartışılmıştır. Kolonlarda meydana gelen plastik dönme değerleri ile TBDY-2018'deki plastik dönme sınır değerleri karşılaştırılarak burulma etkisinin önemi açıklanmıştır
A Study on Generalization of Random Weight Network With Flat Loss
No full textIn the scheme of learning which adjusts model parameters by minimizing a loss function, there is a conjecture that the loss function with flatter minimum may correlate with better stability and generalization of the model. This paper provides experimental evidence within the Random Weight Network (RWN)/Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) framework and further develops a theoretical analysis linking flatness to the local generalization error upper bound by deriving the RWN loss as a quadratic polynomial with respect to random weights and representing the flatness as the maximum eigenvalue of a semi-positive definite matrix. By adjusting the random weights using a genetic algorithm, where the fitness function is defined as the flatness, we validate on 10 benchmark datasets within the ELM framework that flatter loss indeed improves the model's generalization ability. The improvement size depends on the specific characteristics of datasets, particularly, on the relative decrease of maximum eigenvalues. This study shows that RWN generalization performance can be improved by optimizing random weight selection.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 62376161 and U24A20322; the Stable Support Project of Shenzhen City (No. 20231122124602001) ; the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2024M762126) ; and the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program (No. GZC20231728) .National Natural Science Foundation of China [62376161, U24A20322]; Stable Support Project of Shenzhen City [20231122124602001]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2024M762126]; Postdoctoral Fellowship Program [GZC20231728
Comparative Performance Analysis of ROS 2 Local Controllers on an Autonomous Mobile Robot
No full textIn this study, the navigation performance of three ROS 2 navigation controllers-Vector Pursuit, Regulated Pure Pursuit (RPP), and Dynamic Window Approach (DWB)-is comparatively evaluated on an Autonomous Mobile Robot (AMR) in a simulated environment using Gazebo and ROS 2 Humble, and the results are presented. Each controller is given the task of following the same route. During the task, system resource usage such as CPU load, RAM consumption, and computational stability are recorded in real time. The collected data is analyzed and visualized. The results show that Regulated Pure Pursuit provides the most stable performance with low computational load, while DWB exhibits aggressive behavior with higher resource values. These results show the importance of choosing a suitable controller according to the constraints and requirements of the robotic platform. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Preparation of Superhydrophobic Cotton Textile Modified with Magnetic Nanoparticle-Loaded PLA/PCL Nanofiber Mats for Efficient Oil-Water Separation
No full textEcosystems are increasingly threatened by intensive oil exploitation and frequent oil spills, underscoring the need for efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective separation technologies. In this study, a bio-based, magnetic, and superhydrophobic oil-water separation membrane was fabricated by electrospinning polylactic acid/polycaprolactone (PLA/PCL) nanofibers embedded with magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) onto the surface of commercial cotton textiles (CT). The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized via a hydrothermal route and characterized using FT-IR, XRD, UV-Vis, VSM, and TEM, revealing a uniform spherical morphology with an average diameter of 28.23 nm. Nanofibrous mats containing 1-3 wt% Fe3O4 were deposited onto CT to obtain membranes of varying thickness and magnetic responsiveness. The membranes were comprehensively characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, TGA, WCA, and tensile strength tests. The incorporation of PCL improved the flexibility and mechanical strength of the PLA matrix, while the addition of Fe3O4 significantly enhanced the thermal stability and surface roughness, contributing to increased hydrophobicity (maximum WCA: 155.43 degrees) and superoleophilicity (oil contact angle approximate to 0 degrees). The membranes exhibited excellent oil-water separation efficiency (> 98%), high permeation flux (> 8000 Lmiddle dot>m(-)(2)middle dot>h(-)(1)), and notable oil absorption capacity (18.5 g/g), and could be easily recovered using an external magnet. Furthermore, the membrane maintained its separation efficiency over ten consecutive cycles, demonstrating high reusability. These findings suggest that PLA/PCL/Fe3O4-modified CT membranes offer a promising, eco-friendly, and reusable platform for practical oil spill remediation.The author would like to thank Konya Technical University and Necmettin Erbakan University Science and Technology Research and Application Center (BITAM) for supplying the required research infrastructure.Konya Technical University; Necmettin Erbakan University Science and Technology Research and Application Cente
The Impact of Traffic Infrastructure, Environment, and User Behavior on Urban Bicycle Use: A Literature Review
No full textPromoting bicycle use fosters health, orderliness, and improved transportation conditions. As a key component of active mobility, the global rise in bicycle usage reflects its growing importance. In developed cities, the use of conventional and e-bikes has increased, with cycling rates surpassing 7%. Despite the limited use in different cities, efforts to enhance bicycle usage are ongoing, although hindered by traffic safety issues and infrastructure deficiencies. This article conducts a detailed literature review to identify the necessary steps for increasing the share of bicycles in urban transportation. The review explores the impact of traffic infrastructure, environmental factors, and user behavior on urban bicycle use. Since the 1970s, these topics have been examined through various methods worldwide. This study reviews 95 articles published between 2010 and 2023, presenting a multifaceted analysis encompassing bicycle infrastructure, user behavior, and environmental factors affecting cycling. Key findings highlight the importance of well-planned bicycle infrastructure in enhancing safety and reducing traffic stress. Segregated bicycle lanes, effective intersection designs, and comprehensive cycling networks are crucial for promoting urban bicycle use. Environmental factors such as noise and air pollution, weather conditions, and urban design significantly influence cycling behavior. The review reveals that cities with robust cycling infrastructures and supportive policies, such as Copenhagen and Amsterdam, exhibit higher bicycle usage rates and improved urban mobility. Conversely, cities with inadequate infrastructure face challenges integrating bicycles as a viable transportation mode. The study suggests that adopting best practices from leading cycling cities and addressing local challenges can significantly enhance urban cycling. By providing a comprehensive overview of global research on urban bicycle use, this study aims to guide urban planners, policymakers, and researchers in developing effective strategies for promoting cycling as a sustainable and healthy transportation alternative. The insights gained can contribute to creating safer, more efficient, and environmentally friendly urban transport systems. This approach is vital for increasing bicycle usage and ensuring safe cycling practices, ultimately contributing to sustainable urban development
Analysis of Thermal Tourism Facilities in Afyonkarahisar Province within the Scope of Universal Design
No full textTourism refers to the act of an individual departing from their place of residence for a certain period and eventually returning to the same location. While tourism was once regarded merely as a physical activity undertaken for rest and relaxation, it now encompasses an experiential process as well. The uniqueness of each individual has brought about varying desires and needs, which in turn has allowed tourism to diversify based on user experiences. The diverse needs of individuals and the distinctive characteristics of each region have led to the emergence of alternative forms of tourism. One of these alternative forms is thermal tourism, which has maintained its popularity throughout history due to its therapeutic effects on various ailments and conditions. In the past, people constructed thermal baths to benefit from these waters; today, these baths have evolved into thermal tourism facilities that incorporate broader functions and aim to provide a holistic sense of physical and mental well-being. However, physical spaces designed according to average user dimensions hinder equal benefit from these experiences for all users. Therefore, beyond accessibility standards aimed at eliminating physical barriers, there is a need for universal design that aspires to provide more inclusive and equitable spaces in thermal tourism facilities. Universal design advocates for the ability of all users to move independently and equally without the need for additional solutions. Moreover, universal design not only addresses physical barriers but also facilitates the elimination of sociological obstacles. Based on literature reviews, it is believed that this study will make a significant contribution to the existing body of knowledge, particularly considering Turkey's potential in thermal tourism. Through this study, sample destinations from thermal tourism centers in Afyonkarahisar—known as Turkey's thermal tourism capital—were selected and examined within the framework of accessibility and universal design. First, a literature review was conducted to provide conceptual explanations. Subsequently, fieldwork involving on-site observation, photography, and face-to-face interviews was carried out to collect data. Following the analysis of these data, evaluations were made and recommendations for addressing the identified shortcomings were provided to conclude the study. This study aims to examine thermal tourism facilities in Afyonkarahisar from the perspective of accessibility and universal design, and to offer suggestions for the improvement of tourism in the region.Turizm bireyin belirli bir süre için yaşadığı yerden yola çıkıp tekrar aynı yere dönmesini ifade eder. Geçmişte turizm sadece dinlenme amaçlı yapılan fiziksel bir hareket olarak düşünülürken artık deneyimsel bir süreci de kapsamaktadır. Her bireyin eşsiz oluşu farklı istekler ve ihtiyaçları beraberinde getirmiştir bu durumda turizimde kullanıcıya deneyimsel olarak çeşitlenmeye olanak sağlamıştır. Her insanın farklı ihtiyaçları ve her bölgenin kendine has özellikleri ile alternatif turizm türleri oluşmuştur. Alternatif turizm türlerinden biri olan termal turizm, yaralara ve hastalıklara iyi gelmesi ile geçmişten bugüne insanlar için popülaritesini sürdürmüş aynı zamanda insanlar bu sulardan yararlanabilmek adına kaplıcalar inşa etmiştir. Bugün ise kaplıcalar yerini termal turizm tesislerine bırakmış, daha geniş kapsamlı birimleri bünyesinde bulunduran kişilere fiziksel ve zihinsel olarak bütüncül bir iyilik hali sunmayı amaçlayan mekanlar haline gelmiştir. Fakat ortalama kullanıcı boyutlarına göre tasarlanan fiziksel mekanlar bu deneyimden bütün kullanıcıların eşit olarak faydalanmasını engellemektedir. Bu sebeple termal turizm tesislerinin tasarımlarında fiziksel engelleri ortadan kaldırmaya yardımcı erişilebilirlik standartlarının yanı sıra daha kapsayıcı ve eşit mekan sunmayı hedefleyen evrensel tasarıma ihtiyaç vardır. Evrensel tasarım bütün kullanıcıların eşit ve bağımsız biçimde ek çözümler olmaksızın hareket etmesi gerektiğini savunmaktadır. Aynı zamanda evrensel tasarım fiziksel engellerle birlikte sosyolojik engellerin de ortadan kaldırılmasına olanak tanımaktadır. Literatür araştırmaları sonucunda bu alandaki çalışmalara ek olarak Türkiye'nin termal turizm potansiyeli göz önünde bulundurularak bu alanda yapılacak olan çalışmanın literatüre önemli katkılar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışma ile Türkiye'nin termal turizm başkenti olarak bilinen Afyonkarahisar ili termal turizm merkezlerinden örnek destinasyonlar seçilmiş, erişilebilirlik ve evrensel tasarım kapsamında incelenmiştir. İlk olarak literatür çalışması ile kavramsal açıklamalara yer verilmiştir. Ardından alan çalışması ile yerinde gözlem, fotoğraflama ve birebir görüşmelerle veriler toplanmıştır. Bu verilerin analizi sonucunda bir takım değerlendirmeler ve eksikliklerin giderilmesine yönelik önerilere yer verilerek çalışma sonlandırılmıştır. Bu çalışma, Afyonkarahisar'daki termal tesisleri erişilebilirlik ve evrensel tasarım perspektifinden incelemeyi, bölgedeki turizmin geliştirilmesine yönelik öneriler sunmayı amaçlamaktadır
Multiplicity Dependence of Charm Baryon and Charm Meson Production in pPb Collisions at √sNN=8.16 TeV
No full textVannerom, David/0000-0002-2747-5095; Pasztor, Gabriella/0000-0003-0707-9762; Forthomme, Laurent/0000-0002-3302-336X; Kyberd, Paul/0000-0002-7353-7090; D'Anzi, Brunella/0000-0002-9361-3142; Tishelman-Charny, Abraham/0000-0002-7332-5098; Perez Adan, Danyer/0000-0003-3416-0726; Navarro-Tobar, Alvaro/0000-0003-3606-1780; Barroso Ferreira, Mapse/0000-0003-3904-0571; Wilson, Graham/0000-0003-0917-4763; Garcia, Francisco/0000-0002-4023-7964; Chatterjee, Suman/0000-0003-2660-0349; Kontaxakis, Pantelis/0000-0002-4860-5979; Smith, Nicholas/0000-0002-0324-3054; Zhang, Yousen/0000-0002-6812-761X; Yazgan, Efe/0000-0001-5732-7950; Kondratyev, Dmitry/0000-0002-7874-2480; Mitselmakher, Guenakh/0000-0001-5745-3658; Tytgat, Michael/0000-0002-3990-2074; Giacomelli, Paolo/0000-0002-6368-7220; Usai, Emanuele/0000-0001-9323-2107; Grandi, Claudio/0000-0001-5998-3070; Grosso, Gaia/0000-0002-8303-3291; Csanad, Mate/0000-0002-3154-6925; Mitra, Soureek/0000-0002-3060-2278; Sahasransu, Abanti Ranadhir/0000-0003-1505-1743;Measurements of the production yields of charm baryons (Lambda(+)(c)) and charm mesons (D-0) in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV are presented. The data were collected in 2016 with the CMS experiment and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 186 nb(-1). The Lambda(+)(c) baryon is reconstructed from the decay channel Lambda(+)(c) -> K(S)(0)p, while the D-0 meson is reconstructed via D-0 -> K- pi(+). The Lambda(+)(c) baryon and D-0 meson yields are extracted in several charged-particle multiplicity classes. No strong multiplicity dependence of the Lambda(+)(c) -to-D-0 yield ratio is observed, unlike the observed strange baryon to strange meson yield ratio of Lambda/(Lambda) over bar to K-S(0), which shows a strong multiplicity dependence. This observation indicates different mechanisms for the multiplicity evolution of hadronization processes for charm and strange quarks and provides new constraints to the understanding of heavy flavor production and collectivity in small collision systems.We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid and other centers for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC, the CMS detector, and the supporting computing infrastructure provided by the following funding agencies: SC (Armenia), BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES and BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MOST, and NSFC (China); Minciencias (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); ERC PRG, RVTT3 and MoER TK202 (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); SRNSF (Georgia); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LMTLT (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, Conahcyt, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MES and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); MCIN/AEI and PCTI (Spain); MoSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); MHESI and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TENMAK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and The European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 101115353, 101002207, and COST Action CA16108 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Science Committee, project no. 22rl-037 (Armenia); the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h project n. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science ; Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010 and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China); The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, grant FR-22-985 (Georgia); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), among others, under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC 2121 "Quantum Universe" - 390833306, and under project number 400140256 - GRK2497; the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI), Project Number 2288 (Greece); the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program - UNKP, the NKFIH research grants K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, K 146913, K 146914, K 147048, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, and TKP2021-NKTA-64 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; ICSC - National Research Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing and FAIR - Future Artificial Intelligence Research, funded by the NextGenerationEU program (Italy); the Latvian Council of Science; the Ministry of Education and Science, project no. 2022/WK/14, and the National Science Center, contracts Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369 and 2021/43/B/ST2/01552 (Poland); the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, grant CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal); the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, ERDF "a way of making Europe", and the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2017-0765 and Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project, and the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources ; Institutional Development, Research and Innovation, grant B39G670016 (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the Super-Micro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).FWF; FNRS; FWO (Belgium); CNPq; CAPES; FAPERJ; FAPERGS; FAPESP (Brazil); BNSF (Bulgaria); MOST; NSFC (China); CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); ERC PRG [MoER TK202]; Academy of Finland; MEC; CEA; CNRS/IN2P3 (France); SRNSF; BMBF; DFG; HGF (Germany); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE; DST; IPM; SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); MOE; UM (Malaysia); BUAP; UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); PCTI (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSTDA; TUBITAK; DOE; NSF (USA); Marie-Curie program; European Research Council; Horizon 2020 Grant [675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 101115353, 101002207]; COST Action [CA16108]; Leventis Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Science Committee [22rl-037]; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS [30820817]; Beijing Municipal Science ; Technology Commission [Z191100007219010]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation [FR-22-985]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [EXC 2121, 390833306, 400140256 - GRK2497]; Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI) [2288]; Hungarian Academy of Sciences [K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, K 146913, K 146914, K 147048, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, TKP2021-NKTA-64]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; ICSC - National Research Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing - NextGenerationEU program (Italy); Latvian Council of Science; Ministry of Education and Science [2022/WK/14]; National Science Center [Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369, 2021/43/B/ST2/01552]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [CEECIND/01334/2018]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; ERDF "a way of making Europe" [MDM-2017-0765]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources ; Institutional Development, Research and Innovation [B39G670016]; Kavli Foundation; Nvidia Corporation; Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA