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Hybridcisn: Integrating 2d/3d Convolutions and Involutions With Hyperspectral Imaging and Blood Biomarkers for Neonatal Disease Detection
No full textCihan, Mucahit/0000-0002-1426-319XEarly detection and accurate diagnosis of neonatal diseases are crucial for improving health outcomes and reducing infant mortality. This study introduces a novel Hybrid Convolutional and Involutional Spectral Network (HybridCISN) that integrates hyperspectral imaging (HSI) data with blood biomarker analysis to enhance neonatal health diagnostics. By combining 2D convolution, 3D convolution, and involution layers, the HybridCISN model extracts spatial, spectral, and channel-specific features, addressing limitations in traditional diagnostic methods. The model was evaluated through two distinct approaches: (1) using only HSI spectral data and (2) integrating HSI spectral data with blood biomarkers such as haemoglobin and bilirubin levels. These approaches were tested for both binary classification (healthy vs. unhealthy neonates) and multiclass classification (specific neonatal diseases such as intracranial hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, pneumothorax, and respiratory distress syndrome). Experimental results demonstrate the HybridCISN model's superior performance, achieving an overall accuracy of 93.64% for binary classification and 90.25% for multiclass classification. Compared to state-of-the-art methods such as the involution-based HarmonyNet and the 2D/3D convolution-based HybridSN, the HybridCISN model achieved accuracy improvements of 0.8% and 1.5%, respectively, in multiclass classification. The second approach, integrating blood biomarkers, improved diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, emphasizing the value of multimodal data fusion. Involution layers reduced channel redundancy and optimized feature extraction, as confirmed by ablation studies. The HybridCISN model offers a scalable and non-invasive diagnostic framework, addressing clinical applicability and biomarker accessibility, while combining precision, efficiency, and robustness to advance neonatal disease detection and set a benchmark for future research in medical imaging.This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under the Grant Number 122E021. The authors thank TUBITAK for its support. We sincerely appreciate Prof. Dr. Hanifi Soylu and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Murat Konak for their valuable contributions and guidance throughout the research process. Their expertise and support were instrumental in the successful completion of this project.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [122E021]; TUBITA
Enhancing the Performance of Machine Learning Classification Models
No full textThis study aims to compare and improve the performance of four different machine learning algorithms (Naive Bayes, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Decision Trees, and Support Vector Machines (SVM)) in classification problems. The analyses emphasize the impact of data preprocessing steps and hyperparameter optimization on model performance. As part of the data preprocessing, missing values were imputed, categorical data were transformed into numerical data, and normalization procedures were applied. It was observed that normalization significantly enhanced the performance of the MLP and SVM algorithms in particular. Furthermore, additional improvements in accuracy rates were achieved through hyperparameter optimization. Naive Bayes and Decision Trees were found to exhibit stable performance regardless of data scaling. This study demonstrates that proper data preprocessing and model selection can significantly enhance algorithm performance in classification problems
Integration of Digital Storytelling Into Architectural Education: Exploration of Conceptual Understanding
No full textThis article investigated the potential of the digital storytelling method, within the setting of an undergraduate digital design studio, to create compelling learning experiences in architectural education. The study explored how enabling students to express their architectural concepts through digital storytelling can impact their visual communication skills and design thinking. Specifically, the research evaluated the effect of this method on student engagement, creativity, and conceptual understanding. The content analysis of student digital stories revealed four emergent categories: informative (educational-informative), inspiring (imagination-personal development), problem-solving (critical solution), and empathy and understanding (social sustainability). The study also observed the beneficial role of information and digital communication technologies in fostering positive student attitudes toward digital storytelling within a social constructivist learning environment. The integration of digital technologies and the exploration of the sources of the students' conceptual inspiration were key components of this approach. The findings suggest that digital storytelling is a valuable instructional tool for consistently articulating the design process, from the initial concepts to the analysis, visualization, and expression. Furthermore, this method appeared to enhance the students' creative thinking during the design process and contribute to the development of more robust conceptual design skills
Investigation of the Effects of Gamma Radiation and Y2o3 on the Elastic Properties of Al2024 Composites by Ultrasonic Method
No full textIn this study, the effect of Y2O3 contribution and gamma-irradiation on the elastic properties of pure Al2024 and Al2024/Y2O3 composites was precisely investigated with the help of determined density and ultrasonic wave velocities. Ultrasonic longitudinal and shear wave velocity measurements of the samples were performed at room temperature using the ultrasonic pulse-echo method at 20 and 5 MHz frequencies, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy examined the microstructural properties and phase characterizations of metal matrix composite (MMC) samples. A gamma cell type Co-60 source was used to irradiate MMC samples in the air at room temperature. The absorbed dose rate was measured to be approximately 1.5 kGy/h, and the total delivered dose was 50 kGy. According to the findings obtained from the research, the contribution of Y2O3 to pure Al 2024 at 0.5, 1, and 5 wt% ratios and exposure to gamma rays of 50 kGy caused a decrease in V-L, L, K, and mu values and a significant increase in rho, V-S, G, HV, H, and E values. The highest Young's modulus values compared with pure Al2024 were obtained in both unirradiated and irradiated Al2024/0.5Y(2)O(3) composites.We would like to thank the Gamma Irradiation Facility of the Nuclear Energy Research Institute, which is part of the Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency (TENMAK) , for assisting with the gamma irradiation of the samples
Direct or Dna Extraction-Free Amplification and Quantification of Foodborne Pathogens
No full textThe use of direct nucleic acid amplification of pathogens from food matrices has the potential to reduce time to results over DNA extraction-based approaches as well as traditional culture-based approaches. Here we describe protocols for assay design and experiments for direct amplification of foodborne pathogens in food sample matrices using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The examples provided include the detection of Escherichia coli in milk samples and Salmonella in pork meat samples. This protocol includes relevant reagents and methods including obtaining target sequences, assay design, sample processing, and amplification. These methods, though used for specific example matrices, could be applied to many other foodborne pathogens and sample types. © 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
An Example of Intracontinental Cross Faults Formation From the Vicinity of Karapınar (Konya - Central Anatolia)
No full textKarap ; imath;nar (Konya, Turkey) is located in the central part of the Anatolian micro-plate which is characterized by differently oriented Neogene-Quaternary horst - graben structures. The basement of the region is composed of Mesozoic-Paleogene rocks. In the various Neogene basins, Miocene-Pliocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks overlie the basement rocks and form the secondary rock units. The youngest units are Plio-Quaternary aged terrestrial sediments and volcanics. The main structure of the study area consists of WNW-ESE and NE-SW trending intersecting graben-horst structures and the normal faults forming them. The approximately WNW- ESE trending basins are filled with Miocene-Pliocene sediments, while the NE-SW trending basins are filled with Pliocene-Quaternary sediments. Kinematic studies show that the faults in the study area are developed in all directions and the distribution of the slicken lines indicates that there is multidirectional crustal extension. The principal stress axes obtained from all the kinematic data show that sigma 1 is nearly vertical, sigma 2 and sigma 3 are horizontal. If all faults are assumed to have been formed due to the same stress system, the study area is predominantly elongated in the NW-SE direction. However, detailed field observations and structural analyses indicate that the NE-SW trending fault systems are younger than the WNW-ESE trending faults. This indicates that firstly NNE-SSW and then NW-SE crustal extension developed in the study area respectively.Konya Provincial Directorate of Disaster and Emergency (AFAD) [2020K14-138637-2]The authors are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticism and suggestions that helped to im-prove the manuscript significantly. This research was partly supported by the Konya Provincial Directorate of Disaster and Emergency (AFAD) within the scope of the "Detection of the Sinkhole Around Karap ; imath;nar" Project (No: 2020K14-138637-2)
Establishing the Thresholds for Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Cold Climate Urban Areas
No full textThe present study investigated outdoor thermal comfort conditions in the city of Erzurum, Turkiye, which is located in a cold climate zone (Dfb). A one-year field survey was conducted in various locations throughout the city, taking into consideration seasonal variations and pedestrian flow. A total of 2632 valid questionnaires were collected. For each participant, the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET,0C) value was determined using operational variables from the questionnaires and environmental variables recorded during the survey. The obtained PET values were combined with subjective data, which included participants' assessments of their perception of microclimatic conditions. This enabled the determination of the Neutral PET value, the neutral PET range, and the neutral PET intervals corresponding to the thermal sensation categories for Erzurum. The lower 12.2 degrees C and upper bounds 19.3 degrees C of the PET for Erzurum differ from the 18.1 degrees C to 23.0 degrees C range identified for Central and Western Europe. This demonstrated that the population of Erzurum exhibits greater resistance to cold weather conditions compared to that of Central and Western Europe Furthermore, using linear multiple regression, a new thermal comfort index named Erzurum Outdoor Thermal Comfort Index (EOCI) was developed to predict the thermal perception of a large group of individuals living in the cold climate zone of Erzurum. The results highlight the importance of obtaining specific values for the analysis of outdoor thermal comfort in distinct climatic regions.All data used in this research were obtained through the project supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) , 1001 Grant No. 119O479. The authors would like to thank the STAR scholarship students of the project (BIDEB-2247-C) for administering the surveys. Special thanks are also extended to the Turkish State Meteorological Service (MGM) for their valuable support.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) , 1001 Grant [119O479
Duyusal Pazarlamada Ambalaj Rengi ve Kokusunun Müşteri Tercihlerine Etkisi: Parfüm Ambalajı ve Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
No full textSon yıllarda artan rekabet ortamında, işletmeler ürünlerini pazarlayabilmek adına disiplinler arası araştırma ve geliştirme faaliyetleri yürütmektedirler. Gelişen teknolojiyle birlikte, rekabet ortamında farklı disiplinlerden elde edilen verilerin analiz edilmesi sayesinde işletmeler pazarlama hedeflerine yaklaşılması mümkün hale gelmektedir. Akademisyenler, işletmeler, mağazalar ve pazarlama yöneticileri; araştırma ve geliştirme faaliyetleri kapsamında ürün tasarımı ve ortam koşullarını dikkate alarak, tüketicilerin karar verme ve satın alma süreçlerini etkileyen birçok strateji üzerinde çalışmaktadır. Bu pazarlama stratejilerinden biri de duyusal pazarlama stratejisidir. Perakende satışlarda, müşterilerin tercihlerini etkilemek amacıyla en fazla beş duyuya hitap eden duyusal pazarlama yöntemlerinden faydalanılmaktadır. Tek duyu ya da birden çok duyuya hitap eden pazarlama teknikleri, tüketici davranışlarını doğrudan etkilediği bilimsel çalışmalarda belirtilmektedir. Birden fazla duyuya hitap eden çalışmalar; duyular arası etkileşimin de dikkate alındığı, bilişsel, duygusal ve davranışsal eğilimlerle ilgili çalışmalardır. Bu çalışmada tüketici ürün tercihlerinde etkili olan görme ve koku arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla, zemin renkleri farklı olacak şekilde beş parfüm ambalajı üretilmiş ve ortam kokusu olarak manolya kokulu parfümden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmada deneysel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini yaş ortalaması 21 olan, 30 kadın ve 30 erkekten oluşan 60 önlisans öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmaya katılan gönüllü denekler, iki bağımsız gruptan oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada, bağımsız gruplar arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olup olmadığını belirlemek amacıyla en sık tercih edilen yöntemlerden biri olan Ki-kare testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada uygulanan deney sonucunda, kadın ve erkeklerden oluşan kontrol grubu, deney grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında tüketici tercihlerinde belirgin değişiklikler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Parfüm ambalajı renk tercihleri sosyokültürel, psikolojik, cinsiyet, yaşantı vb. yaklaşımlar ele alındığında; mevcut tercihlerin koku faktörü ile değiştiği ve manolya kokusu etkisiyle diğer renklere oranla siyah ve beyaz parfüm tercihlerinde artış olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; Ürün satışlarında görsel unsurların yanında, ambalaj ve ortam kokusunun da dikkate alınması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır
Measurement of the Drell-Yan Forward-Backward Asymmetry and of the Evffective Leptonic Weak Mixing Angle in Proton-Proton Collisions at √s=13TeV
No full textChatterjee, Suman/0000-0003-2660-0349; Barroso Ferreira, Mapse/0000-0003-3904-0571; Kontaxakis, Pantelis/0000-0002-4860-5979; Zhang, Yousen/0000-0002-6812-761X; Vannerom, David/0000-0002-2747-5095; Mitra, Soureek/0000-0002-3060-2278; Smith, Nicholas/0000-0002-0324-3054; Garcia, Francisco/0000-0002-4023-7964; Yazgan, Efe/0000-0001-5732-7950; D'Anzi, Brunella/0000-0002-9361-3142; Grosso, Gaia/0000-0002-8303-3291;The forward-backward asymmetry in Drell-Yan production and the effective leptonic electroweak mixing angle are measured in proton-proton collisions at root s= 13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb(-1). The measurement uses both dimuon and dielectron events, and is performed as a function of the dilepton mass and rapidity. The unfolded angular coefficient A(4) is also extracted, as a function of the dilepton mass and rapidity. Using the CT18Z set of parton distribution functions, we obtain sin(2) theta(l)(eff)= 0.23152 +/- 0.00031, where the uncertainty includes the experimental and theoretical contributions. The measured value agrees with the standard model fit result to global experimental data. This is the most precise sin(2) theta(l)(eff) measurement at a hadron collider, with a precision comparable to the results obtained at LEP and SLD.We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid and other centers for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC, the CMS detector, and the supporting computing infrastructure provided by the following funding agencies: SC (Armenia), BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES and BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MOST, and NSFC (China); Minciencias (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); ERC PRG, RVTT3 and MoER TK202 (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); SRNSF (Georgia); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LMTLT (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MES and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); MCIN/AEI and PCTI (Spain); MoSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); MHESI and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TENMAK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 101115353, 101002207, and COST Action CA16108 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Science Committee, project no. 22rl-037 (Armenia); the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS'' - be.h project n. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science ; Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010 and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China); The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, grant FR-22-985 (Georgia); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), among others, under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC 2121 "Quantum Universe'' -390833306, and under project number 400140256 - GRK2497; the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI), Project Number 2288 (Greece); the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program - UNKP, the NKFIH research grants K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, K 146913, K 146914, K 147048, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, and TKP2021-NKTA64 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; ICSC - National Research Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing and FAIR - Future Artificial Intelligence Research, funded by the NextGenerationEU program (Italy); the Latvian Council of Science; the Ministry of Education and Science, project no. 2022/WK/14, and the National Science Center, contracts Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369 and 2021/43/B/ST2/01552 (Poland); the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, grant CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal); the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, ERDF "a way of making Europe'', and the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2017-0765 and Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project, and the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources ; Institutional Development, Research and Innovation, grant B39G670016 (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the Super-Micro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).FWF; FNRS; FWO (Belgium); CNPq; CAPES; FAPERJ; FAPERGS; FAPESP (Brazil); BNSF (Bulgaria); MOST; NSFC (China); CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); ERC PRG [MoER TK202]; Academy of Finland; MEC; CEA; CNRS/IN2P3 (France); SRNSF; BMBF; DFG; HGF (Germany); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE; DST; IPM; SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); MOE; UM (Malaysia); BUAP; CONACYT; UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); PCTI (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSTDA; TUBITAK; DOE; NSF (USA); Marie-Curie program; European Research Council; Horizon 2020 Grant [675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 101115353, 101002207]; COST Action [CA16108]; Leventis Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Science Committee [22rl-037]; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS [30820817]; Beijing Municipal Science ; Technology Commission [Z191100007219010]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation [FR-22-985]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [EXC 2121, 400140256 - GRK2497]; Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI) [2288]; Hungarian Academy of Sciences [K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, K 146913, K 146914, K 147048, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, TKP2021-NKTA64]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; ICSC - National Research Center for High Performance Computing - NextGenerationEU program (Italy); Latvian Council of Science; Ministry of Education and Science [2022/WK/14]; National Science Center [Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369, 2021/43/B/ST2/01552]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [CEECIND/01334/2018]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; ERDF "a way of making Europe [MDM-2017-0765]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources ; Institutional Development, Research and Innovation [B39G670016]; Kavli Foundation; Nvidia Corporation; Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA
Interface Engineering in Honeybee-Leg-Like TiO2@NiCo2O4 Nanocomposites: A Novel Platform for High-Performance Microwave Absorbers
No full textThis study reports fabrication of novel TiO2@NiCo2O4 nanocomposites featuring a honeybee-leg-inspired hierarchical architecture, in which radially aligned NiCo2O4 nanoneedles grow on TiO2 fibers to mimic the branched morphology of honeybee legs. This unique architecture generates abundant heterointerfaces and multi-level scattering centers, which directly contribute to enhanced interfacial polarization, impedance matching, and microwave attenuation. The nanocomposites were constructed by electrospinning dual-phase TiO2 nanofibers, followed by the hydrothermal growth of radially aligned NiCo2O4 nanoneedles. Structural and morphological characterization via XRD, SEM, and TEM revealed the formation of a heterostructure with well-defined interfaces. Microwave absorption properties were examined between 2-12 GHz considering reflection loss (RL), impedance matching, complex permittivity and permeability, Cole-Cole plots, Eddy current loss, and attenuation constant. Results demonstrated that the TiO2@NiCo2O4 nanocomposite achieved a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of-21.30 dB at 9.35 GHz with a 4 mm thickness, and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.27 GHz (7.50-11.77 GHz), covering 94.3 % of the X-band. Additionally, with 5 mm thickness, it reached an RLminof-20.51 dB at 7.31 GHz and an EAB of 3.93 GHz (5.38-9.31 GHz), corresponding to 65.5 % C-band and 32.8 % Xband coverage. These superior absorption capabilities are derived from the bio-inspired hierarchical design, which synergistically integrates dielectric and magnetic losses with morphology-assisted multiple-scattering. The findings demonstrate the significance of bio-inspired design and interface engineering in the development of next-generation high-performance microwave absorbing materials.This work was supported by Konya Technical University Scientific Research Projects (SRP) under project number of 232219041.Konya Technical University Scientific Research Projects (SRP) [232219041