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Dynamics and Expressions of Solutions of Nonlinear Difference Equations (Formula Present)
No full textNonlinear difference equations provide a framework for modeling natural phenomena in nonlinear sciences. In this paper, we investigate the periodicity, boundedness, oscillation, stability, and exact solutions of such equations. Employing the standard iteration method, we derive closed-form solutions and analyze the stability of equilibrium points using established theorems. Numerical simulations, implemented in Wolfram Mathematica, corroborate the theoretical findings. The proposed method can be readily extended to other rational recursive problems. This paper investigates the dynamical behavior of solutions to the rational difference equation where the initial conditions are arbitrary nonzero real numbers. We analyze the stability properties, periodic solutions, and long-term behavior of this equation, employing both analytical and numerical approaches to characterize its dynamics. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Design and Realization of an Electronic Pitot Cover That Will Not Be Forgotten Before the Take-Off
No full textIn this study, an electronic cover system was designed and produced that will prevent forgetting before take-off at aircraft. Proposed system, which has a very simple but effective structure, basically consists of microcontrollers, wireless communication modules, and switches. This prototype system has two components, the pitot component and the cockpit component. If the pitot component is attached to the pitot tube, the system starts working when the cockpit component is active. In the designed system, both components communicate with each other wirelessly. As a result of this communication, both components flash the powerful light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on them at certain intervals (by making a flash effect). When the power LEDs are blinking, it means that the cover is attached to the pitot tube. In this way, both the marshalling officers and the pilot are warned that the cover is attached to the pitot tube, preventing a possible accident
Sinkle Risk Survey of Sille Mahallesi (Konya Selçuklu) Northern Region in Terms of Geology and Settlement
No full textThe study area covers an area of approximately 200 ha located 10 km west of Konya city center and 2 km north of Sille neighborhood. Konya region is a region surrounded by active faults. In terms of neotectonic location, the region is located within the Central Anatolian Plains Region and Konya-Eskişehir Neotectonic region. The study area is located in the extreme part of the northeastern wing of Kızılören graben, just west of the Konya fault zone that borders the western edge of the approximately N-S trending Konya basin. In addition, Konya Closed Basin is bordered by the Karaömerler fault in the north and the Divanlar fault in the east. The Lorasdağı formation is the basic unit in the study area. This formation, which consists of marine carbonates, is overlain by the Sille, Ulumuhsine, Küçükmuhsine and Topraklı formations with an angular unconformity. The study area generally consists of carbonate rocks belonging to the Lorasdağı and Ulumuhsine formations. The study area is mostly located on the Lorasdağı formation with abundant cracks and karstic cavities. Sinkholes are observed in this formation in the Konya region. (Kızılcakuyu, Konar sinkholes). The region is a newly developing region in terms of settlement area and planned to be built with high-rise building stocks. It is also an area very close to the active Konya Fault Zone. Therefore, this thesis study aims to investigate the sinkhole potential and buried risks of the region. Within the scope of the thesis, geological and geophysical methods such as ERT (Electrical Resistivity Tomography), Drilling, Microtremor, MASW were used. As a result of these studies, possible buried risks (fault, gaps, crack, formation transitions, etc.) in the region were determined and recommendations were made for the removel and improvement of these risks.Çalışma alanı; Konya İl Merkezinin 10 km batısında Sille Mahallesinin 2 km kuzeyinde yer alan yaklaşık 200 ha'lık bir alanı kapsamaktadır. Konya bölgesi çevresi aktif faylar ile çevrili bir bölgedir. Neotektonik konum açısından yöre Orta Anadolu Ovalar Bölgesi ve Konya- Eskişehir Neotektonik bölgesi içerisinde bulunmaktadır. İnceleme alanı yaklaşık K-G gidişli Konya havzasının batı kenarını sınırlayan Konya fay zonunun hemen batısında, Kızılören grabenin kuzeydoğu kanadının uç kesiminde yer almaktadır. Ayrıca Konya Kapalı Havzası doğuda Divanlar fayı, kuzeyde ise Karaömerler fayı ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Çalışma alanında temel birim olarak Lorasdağı formasyonu yer almaktadır. Denizel karbonatlardan oluşan bu formasyonunun üzerine açılı uyumsuzlukla Sille, Ulumuhsine, Küçükmuhsine ve Topraklı formasyonları gelmektedir. Çalışma alanı genellikle Lorasdağı ve Ulumuhsine formasyonuna ait karbonatlı kayaçlardan oluşmaktadır. Çalışma alanı çoğunlukla bol çatlaklı ve karstik boşluklu Lorasdağı formasyonu üzerinde bulunmaktadır. Konya bölgesinde bu formasyon içerisinde obruk oluşumları izlenmektedir. (Kızılcakuyu, Konar obrukları). Bölge yerleşim alanı açısından yeni gelişen ve yüksek katlı yapı stokların yapılması planlanan bir bölgedir. Ayrıca aktif Konya Fay Zonu'na oldukça yakın bir alandır. Bu nedenle bu tez çalışması ile bölgenin obruk potansiyeli ve gömülü risklerin araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Tez kapsamanda ERT (Elektrik Rezistivite Tomografi), Sondaj, Mikrotremör, MASW gibi jeolojik ve jeofiziksel yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmalar neticesinde bölgede olası gömülü riskler (Fay, boşluk, çatlak, formasyon geçişleri vb) belirlenmiş ve bu risklerin kaldırılması ve iyileştirilmesi için öneriler verilmiştir
Beyin Tümörü Sınıflandırması için Görü Dönüştürücü ve Transfer Öğrenmenin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi
No full textBeyin tümörlerinin doğru sınıflandırılması, nöro-onkolojide tedavi planlarını yönlendirmek ve hasta sonuçlarını iyileştirmek için kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, Manyetik Rezonans (MR) görüntüleri kullanılarak Vision Transformers (ViTs) yönteminin beyin tümörlerinin ikili sınıflandırmasındaki etkinliği araştırılmış ve VGG16, VGG19 ve ResNet50 gibi CNN tabanlı modellerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Doğruluk, kesinlik, duyarlılık ve F1-skoru gibi kapsamlı değerlendirme metrikleri, ViTs’in üstün performansını ortaya koymuştur; ViTs, %92,59 doğrulukla VGG16 (%85,19), VGG19 (%74,04) ve ResNet50'yi (%88,89) geride bırakmıştır. Bu bulgular, ViTs’in nöro-onkolojide tanısal doğruluğu artıran ve hasta bakımını iyileştiren dönüştürücü bir araç olarak klinik uygulamalara entegrasyonu için umut vadeden bir yöntem olduğunu göstermektedir
Analytical Study of the Radioactivity of Some Asphalt Springs in the Heet City, Anbar Governorate, Iraq
No full textThis research aims to estimate pollution levels of the concentrations of238U,232Th, and40K in the soil, water, and asphalt for some Heet City in the west of Anbar Governorate-Iraq to find out the natural and industrial radioactivity contaminations. In this study, the gamma-ray spectroscopy technique was used with a Germanium detector to calculate the levels of radioactivity of natural radionuclides (238U,232Th,40K) in different samples of soil, water, and asphalt collected from (8) areas of Heet City and its nearby regions in Anbar Governorate-Iraq. Through the study results, it was shown that the range of concentration values for238U,232Th, and40k in soil samples ranged from (1.2, 2, and 26) Bq/kg to (810, 506.6, and 435.7) Bq/kg and at an average (147.2, 94,1, and 309.28), respectively. While in asphalt samples, the concentrations ranged between (17 and 48) Bq/kg for both238U and232Th, and for40k, they ranged between (220 and 326) Bq/kg. As for water samples, the study did not detect any concentrations of238U and232Th, and the detected concentrations of40k were very low. In general, from this study, we conclude that the Abu Al-Jeer region contains relatively high radioactivity levels, higher than the permissible global limit in some of its areas. Therefore, periodic and continuous monitoring must be conducted to verify radioactivity in these areas to avoid any potential danger to the population. © 2025, Academic Science Publications and Distributions. All rights reserved
Adım Frekanslı Sürekli Dalga Radar Kullanarak Katmanlı Ortamda Katman Kalınlığı Kestirimi
No full textLayer thickness estimation (LTE) of subsurface layers or multi-layered structures is one of the most important applications of ground penetrating radar (GPR). LTE of the roadway's pavement layers can evaluate their mechanical response to suggest the required repair work. Early and effective non-destructive LTE of transportation infrastructures is vital for economic and social development by saving time and reducing maintenance costs. The need for LTE becomes more urgent and prominent to inspect the structure of the old dams and bridges. GPR-based LTE is a fast and safe way to protect workers' lives and make work easier in places like mines, where sudden collapses frequently occur, and many casualties occur as a result. Several signal processing methods using different radar technologies have been developed for this purpose. Most of these methods require an experienced radar operator with good experience to analyze the output data or images of the GPR system and extract correct layer thickness estimations especially in the case of strong random noise and interference signals. In this study, a VNA based step frequency continuous wave (SFCW) radar has been designed to perform measurement and signal processing in the 2-4 GHz and 1.5-5.5 GHz frequency bands by examining a multi-layered medium consisting of polyethylene layer, air layer and reflective metal plate. A new LTE method has been proposed which applies principal component analysis (PCA) and range-FFT calculation to the baseband output signals of SFCW radar. By applying PCA as a blind source separation (BSS) technique to the SFCW baseband signals, the peak signals reflected from the layer boundaries are clearly obtained. Singular value decomposition (SVD) technique has been used in PCA calculations. Due to the separate processing of the principal components, the thresholding process can be actively applied in the range-FFT matrices of these principal components. Thus, the separation of radar signal peaks related to the layer boundaries has been simplified and the LTE error has been reduced. Despite the presence of random noise and interference signals, the proposed method has yielded good results with average maximum LTE error of 1.37% for the 2-4 GHz frequency range and 2.14% for the 1.5-5.5 GHz frequency range. Comparing with surface reflection method (SRM) that has been applied for LTE using SFCW signals in the two frequency ranges mentioned, the proposed PCA-based LTE method has given LTE errors lower than those of the SRM by 5.63% and 2.94% in the frequency ranges 2-4 and 1.5-5.5 GHz, respectively.Yeraltı katmanlarının veya çok katmanlı yapıların katman kalınlığı kestirimi (LTE), yere nüfuz eden radarın (GPR) en önemli uygulamalarından biridir. Yol kaplamalarının LTE'si, gereken onarım çalışmalarını önermek için mekanik tepkilerin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılabilir. Ulaşım altyapılarının erken ve etkili tahribatsız LTE'si, zamandan tasarruf ve bakım maliyetlerinde azalma sağlamasıyla ekonomik ve toplumsal kalkınma için hayati öneme sahiptir. Barajların ve köprülerin yapısını incelemek için LTE'ye olan ihtiyaç daha acil ve belirgin hale gelmektedir. GPR tabanlı LTE, ani çökmelerin sıklıkla meydana geldiği ve bunun sonucunda birçok can kaybı yaşanan maden ocakları gibi yerlerde çalışanların hayatını korumak ve çalışmaları kolaylaştırmak için hızlı ve güvenli bir yoldur. Bu amaçla farklı radar teknolojilerini kullanan çeşitli sinyal işleme yöntemleri geliştirilmiştir. Bu yöntemlerin çoğu, GPR sisteminin çıkış verilerini veya görüntülerini analiz etmek ve özellikle güçlü rastgele gürültü ve girişim sinyalleri durumunda doğru LTE'lerini çıkarmak için deneyimli bir radar operatörü gerektirir. Bu çalışmada, polietilen katman, hava katmanı ve yansıtıcı metal plakadan oluşan çok katmanlı bir ortamı inceleyerek 2-4 GHz ve 1,5-5,5 GHz frekans bantlarında ölçüm ve sinyal işleme gerçekleştirmek üzere bir VNA tabanlı adım frekanslı sürekli dalga (SFCW) radarı tasarlanmıştır. SFCW radarın temel bant çıkış sinyallerine temel bileşenler analizi (PCA) ve menzil-FFT hesaplamasını uygulayan yeni bir LTE yöntemi önerilmektedir. SFCW temel bant sinyallerine kör kaynak ayırma (BSS) tekniği olarak PCA uygulanarak, katmanların sınırlarından yansıyan tepe sinyalleri net bir şekilde elde edilir. PCA hesaplamalarında tekil değer ayrışımı (SVD) tekniği kullanılmıştır. Temel bileşenlerin ayrı ayrı işlenmesi nedeniyle, eşikleme işlemi bu temel bileşenlerin menzil-FFT matrislerinde aktif olarak uygulanabilir hale gelmiştir. Böylece, katmanların sınırlarıyla ilgili radar sinyali tepelerinin ayrımı basitleşmiş ve böylece LTE hatası azalmıştır. Rastgele gürültü ve girişim sinyallerinin varlığına rağmen, önerilen yöntem 2-4 GHz frekans aralığı için %1,37 ve 1,5-5,5 GHz frekans aralığı için %2,14 değerlerinde ortalama maksimum LTE hatası ile iyi sonuçlar vermiştir. 2-4 ve 1,5-5,5 GHz frekans bantlarındaki SFCW radar sinyallerine uygulanan önerilen PCA tabanlı LTE yönteminin LTE hataları, yüzey yansıma yöntemi (SRM) uygulanan sonuçlarla karşılaştırıldığında, ilgili frekanslarda sırasıyla %5,63 ve %2,94 kadar daha düşüktür
The Effect of Cutting Direction and Water Based Varnish Type on Sound Absorption Coefficient in Some Native Wood Species
No full textNoise which could be defined as disturbing sound, is becoming a major problem depending with developing technology. Controlling the noise helps raising the quality of life to higher levels. Although the intensity of the noise is not at a level that will affect human health, it should be reduced or eliminated, for better life standart. Due to the adverse effects of the noise level on health; the acoustic properties of living areas require serious consideration. Sound absorption coefficients of the materials used in the interior play an important role in providing sensory comfort depending on the volume. Natural and artificial wood are commonly used materials in interior design, especially in the construction of partition elements. In addition, wood is natural material and it has some important advantages and disadvantages. In this study the sound absorption coefficients of eastern beech and scotch pine trees, which are the most preferred materials in interior design, were investigated. For this pupose, these wood materials were cut superficially and radially according to the intersection directions, then the sample surfaces were varnished with one and two component water-based varnishes that do not contain solvent-based resin. The sound absorption coefficients of the obtained samples were determined by the impedance tube method and the results were compared statistically. It has been investigated that the obtained results could be evaluated statistically within the frequency values, besides, different results could be obtained according to the characteristics of natural wood materials, the direction of intersection and water-based varnish types. According to the findings obtained as a result of the study, it has been suggested that if natural wood material is used indoors, the superficial cross-section of East beech wood should be used according to the direction of intersection, and a two-component varnish should be used according to the varnish type
Pseudorapidity Distributions of Charged Hadrons in Lead-Lead Collisions at √snn=5.36 Tev
No full textDragicevic, Marko/0000-0003-1967-6783; Navarrete Ramos, Efren/0000-0002-5180-4020; Tiwari, Praveen Chandra/0000-0002-3667-3843; Colaleo, Anna/0000-0002-0711-6319; Fernandez Perez Tomei, Thiago Rafael/0000-0002-1809-5226; /0000-0002-1153-816X; Chatterjee, Suman/0000-0003-2660-0349; Hussain, Priya Sajid/0000-0002-4825-5278The pseudorapidity (eta) distributions of charged hadrons are measured using data collected at the highest ever nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of root s(NN) = 5.36 TeV for collisions of lead-lead ions. The data were recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2022 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 0.30 +/- 0.03 mu b(-1). Using the CMS silicon pixel detector, the yields of primary charged hadrons produced in the range |eta| 2.6 are reported. The evolution of the midrapidity particle density as a function of collision centrality is also reported. In the 5% most central collisions, the charged-hadron eta density in the range |eta| 0.5 is found to be 2032 +/- 91 (syst), with negligible statistical uncertainty. This result is consistent with an extrapolation from nucleus-nucleus collision data at lower center-of-mass energies. Comparisons are made to various Monte Carlo event generators and to previous measurements of lead-lead and xenon-xenon collisions at similar collision energies. These new data detail the dependence of particle production on the collision energy, initial collision geometry, and the size of the colliding nuclei.We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid and other centers for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC, the CMS detector, and the supporting computing infrastructure provided by the following funding agencies: SC (Armenia), BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES and BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); Minciencias (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); ERC PRG, RVTT3 and MoER TK202 (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); SRNSF (Georgia); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LMTLT (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MES and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); MCIN/AEI and PCTI (Spain); MoSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); MHESI and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TENMAK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 101115353, 101002207, and COST Action CA16108 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Science Committee, project no. 22rl-037 (Armenia); the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the Excellence of Science - EOS'' - be.h project n. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science ; Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010 and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, grant FR-22-985 (Georgia); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), among others, under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC 2121 "Quantum Universe'' - 390833306, and under project number 400140256 - GRK2497; the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI), Project Number 2288 (Greece); the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program -UNKP, the NKFIH research grants K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, K 146913, K 146914, K 147048, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, and TKP2021-NKTA64 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; ICSC - National Research Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing and FAIR - Future Artificial Intelligence Research, funded by the NextGenerationEU program (Italy); the Latvian Council of Science; the Ministry of Education and Science, project no. 2022/WK/14, and the National Science Center, contracts Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369 and 2021/43/B/ST2/01552 (Poland); the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, grant CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal); the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, ERDF "a way of making Europe'', and the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientfica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2017-0765 and Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project, and the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources ; Institutional Development, Research and Innovation, grant B39G670016 (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the Super-Micro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).FWF; FNRS; FWO (Belgium); CNPq; CAPES; FAPERJ; FAPERGS; FAPESP (Brazil); BNSF (Bulgaria); MoST; NSFC (China); CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); ERC PRG [MoER TK202]; Academy of Finland; MEC; CEA; CNRS/IN2P3 (France); SRNSF; BMBF; DFG; HGF (Germany); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE; DST; IPM; SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); MOE; UM (Malaysia); BUAP; CONACYT; UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); PCTI (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSTDA; TUBITAK; NASU (Ukraine); NSF (USA); Marie-Curie program; European Research Council; Horizon 2020 Grant [675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 101115353, 101002207]; COST Action [CA16108]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Science Committee [22rl-037]; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); FWO (Belgium) under the Excellence of Science - EOS [30820817]; Beijing Municpal Science ; Technology Commission [Z191100007219010]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation [FR-22-985]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [EXC 2121, 390833306, 400140256 - GRK2497]; Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI) [2288]; Hungarian Academy of Sciences [K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, K 146913, K 146914, K 147048, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, TKP2021-NKT64]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; ICSC - National Research Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing and FAIR - NextGenerationEU program (Italy); Latvian Council of Science; Ministry of Education and Science [2022/WK/14]; National Science Center [Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369, 2021/43/B/ST2/01552]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [CEECIND/01334/2018]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; ERDF "a way of making Europe [MDM-2017-0765]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources ; Institutional Development, Research and Innovation [B39G670016]; Kavli Foundation; Nvidia Corporation; Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA
Gelişimsel Kalça Displazisi Ultrason Görüntülerinin İki Aşamalı Derin Öğrenme Yaklaşımı ile Kullanabilirlik Analizinin Yapılması
No full textGelişimsel kalça displazisini tespit etmek için ana standart ultrasonik görüntülemedir. Ancak bu teknik operatöre ve dış faktörlere bağlıdır. Bu çalışmada değişkenliği ortadan kaldırmak ve hataları en aza indirmek için yapay zekâ tabanlı bir sistem geliştirilmiştir. Derin öğrenme modeli ilk olarak 3 temel anatomik yapının bulunduğu alanı segmentlere ayırır, daha sonra segmente edilen alanı özelliklerine göre sınıflandırarak 2 aşamalı bir derin öğrenme modeli oluşturur. 3 temel anatomik yapı segmente edildikten sonra ultrason görüntüsünün analiz edilebilirliği kontrol edilir. Ultrason görüntüsünün analiz edilebilirliğinin kontrolü için önce 3 temel anatomik yapının tespit edilip edilmediği kontrol edilmektedir. 3 temel anatomik yapı tespit edilmişse, iliak kemiğin taban çizgisine paralelliği kontrol edilerek US görüntüsünün analiz edilebilirliği kontrol edilmektedir. Geliştirilen sistemde toplam 840 görüntü kullanılmıştır. Sistem US görüntülerinin kullanılabilirliğini %96 doğrulukla karar verdiği gözlemlenmiştir. Geliştirilen sistemin gelişimsel kalça displazisi tanısında doğruluk ve hız açısından doktorlara yardımcı olacağı düşünülmektedir
Experimental Investigation of the Overall Efficiency of a Centrifugal Blood Pump Using Glycerin Solution and Xanthan Gum Solutions as Blood Analog Fluid
No full textThe most critical issues to consider in the design of the blood pumps are the hydraulic performance and hemocompatibility of the pump. It is important to perform hydraulic performance tests during the blood pump development process before clinical applications. Using substitute fluids instead of blood as the working fluid during the testing of blood pumps provides convenience for the tests. In this study, solid models of all components of a centrifugal blood pump were designed, and then the pump volute and impeller were manufactured. The hydraulic performance of the manufactured centrifugal blood pump is experimentally tested using an aqueous glycerin solution and xanthan gum solution as working fluids. The overall efficiency of the pump at four rotation speeds which are 2700, 3000, 3300, and 3600 rpm was determined for both fluids. Experiments were carried out in the flow rate range of 1–8 L/min. The experimental overall efficiencies of the two working fluids were compared at all rotational speeds and throughout the flow rate range. As a result of the study, there were approximately 2% differences in overall efficiency for the two working fluids at the same rotational speeds and flow rates. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.Konya Teknik Üniversitesi, KTUN, (18101019); Konya Teknik Üniversitesi, KTU