International Journal of Research in Social Science and Humanities (IJRSS) ISSN:2582-6220, DOI: 10.47505/IJRSS
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Third Party Mediation in the Cote D’Ivoire Conflict, 2002-2012
Get PDFCote D’Ivoire which was considered as one of the richest and the most stable and peaceful countries in the West African sub-region immediately after independence under the leadership of Felix Houphouet-Boigny, witnessed major leadership crises in the early part of the 21st century. As the economy of the country began to decline after the death of its founding leader, Houphouet Boigny, it started to witness periods of protracted power struggle. The country which enjoyed relative peace after independence under its founding president, started slipping into conflicts under successive leaders in the 21st century. The Cote D’Ivoire conflict which started in 2002 and ended in 2012 attracted the attention of global, regional and sub-regional organisations who volunteered to mediate in the conflict and negotiate peace between the conflicting parties to bring the hostilities to an end. The third party mediation which included the United Nations (UN), the African Union (AU), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and France at one time or the other, got involved in mediation efforts aimed at bringing an end to the Ivorian conflict. This paper examines the background of the Cote D’Ivoire conflict and discusses the factors that were responsible for the conflict. The paper also reviews and evaluates third party mediation in the conflict, and concludes that external interests exacerbated the conflict, and that affected the peace process.
 
The African Union’s Small Steps toward the Promotion and Protection of Peace: Myth and Reality of Building a Continental Public Policy of Peace
Get PDFAmong other factors, the quest for the liberation of the African continent from the colonial yoke prompted the creation by African leaders of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) in 1963, which became the pioneer African multilateral organization. The failure of the said organization in some of its missions and the advent of new challenges in the continent pushed African leaders to replace it with the African Union (AU) in 2002. How far has the African Union corrected the ills of its predecessor, especially in the field of the preservation of peace on the continent? The present article evaluates the actions taken by the African Union in the realm of continental peace since its creation in 2002. Addressing this fundamental issue of peace as a strategic approach, it is deemed necessary for the paper to be evaluated in two main parts. Part one regards the promotion and protection of peace by the African Union as a possible challenge construction. The difficulties, challenges encountered by the African Union have contributed to its failures in certain aspects relating to continental peace. In this perspective, part two elucidates the failures of the African Union towards continental peace. Still in this part, the way forward for better consolidation of peace is defined
Crucial Impact of Globalization among Lepchas of Village Ranka, North Sikkim, India
Get PDFGlobalization can be explained as a process by the means of which any idea, goods, traditions or customs becomes international or simply we can say it becomes “global” and reaches people spread across whole world. Globalization puts an impact on every society. Hence, this paper highlights the Crucial Impact of Globalization among Lepchas of North Sikkim. Lepchas are the original inhabitants of Sikkim. The Lepchas are of mongoloid stock and some anthropologist trace their origins to Mongolia or Tibet. However, the Lepchas themselves have no such history of migration in their traditional knowledge. They believe themselves to be the natives of the Sikkim and even consider Mt. Kanchenjunga as the abode of their ancestors. Globalization has put an impact on every aspect of Lepcha people. They were followers of simple tradition but due to globalization and modernization (Modernization is a by-product of Globalization) their traditions are changing and they are adapting the global ways of life which is endangering their own traditions, knowledge and values. As they have accepted several fruits of globalization with open arms hence their social life has changed a lot along with economic and political life. The change is so observable that number of traditional Lepchas has reduced significantly and they can be seen only in few areas. This paper highlights the both positive and negative impact of globalization and tries to present the factors promoting globalization among Lepchas.
Keywords: Crucial, Globalization, Modernization, Endangered, Impact, Change Lepch
Empirical Analysis of Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Gross Fixed Capital Formation in Nigeria
Get PDFThis study investigated the effect of exchange rate Volatility on gross fixed capital formation. Mundell-Fleming Model is used as a theoretical framework for establishing relationship between relevant variables. The erratic fluctuation in exchange rates referred to as exchange rate volatility could be described as periods of domestic currency appreciation or depreciation. Exchange rate has considerable attention in terms of its influence on gross fixed capital formation. The study covered the period between 1980-2016 and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) techniques was used in estimating the relationship between the variables included in the specified regression model. The data was collected from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and the World Bank Indicators for Nigeria. The major finding of this study shows that the Exchange rates (EXCHR) has a positive and significant linear relationship with gross fixed capital formation. This implies that a unit increase in naira gain against other currencies will result to 0.961 increases in GFCF. The result equally shows that the Degree of trade openness (TOP) has negative and significant relationship with Gross fixed capital formation .This implies that a unit increase in trade openness will result to a 1.613 unit decline in GFCF. The result of Inflation rate (INFL) has negative and significant relationship with gross fixed capital formation. This implies that a unit increase in inflation will result to a 0.558 unit decline in GFCF. It implies that Stringent trade measures should be adopted to checkmate inflation mostly the imported inflation through foreign trade. The study therefore recommends that monetary authorities should adopt measures that will strengthen the naira against other currencies. Also that Stringent trade measures should be adopted to protect local industries and reduce the depletion of our foreign reserves through excessive importation. This can be achieved through high tariffs, quotas and outright ban on some certain goods and services. 
The Role of Indonesian Army Soldiers in Responding Development of Social Media
Get PDFThis study aims to describe and analyze the role of TNI AD soldiers in the Information Unit of Kodam V / Brawijaya in responding to the development of social media related to their main duties and to describe and analyze the factors that support and hinder the role of TNI AD soldiers in the Information Unit of Kodam V / Brawijaya in responding to the development of social media related to its main task. The analysis technique uses a qualitative approach. The results of the analysis show that technological advances in the form of social media require special abilities for soldiers and the involvement of leaders so that the interpersonal use of social media can run optimally. The Information Unit has the role of monitoring information circulating on social media and as an effective and efficient information sharing to improve the image of the Indonesian Army in the eyes of the public. The Information Unit plays a role in assessing threat situations and making decisions to take action against threats that arise and have a serious impact on the organization. Supporting factors for the role of TNI AD Soldiers in Responding to Social Media Development in Supporting the main task of the Indonesian National Army (TNI) for the Army is the use of social media to facilitate the communication process within the unit's internal but if excessive it will affect the quality of the productivity of soldiers in the unit so that there is a control policy in the use of social media. Inhibiting factors, the use of social media is constrained by the unit leadership in monitoring its implementation as well as organizational intervention in the use of social media if it is not followed by implementation and monitoring until lower units will not run effectively
One-Parameter Logistic Model and its Application in Test Development: Research Paper
No full textThe study focused on the one-parameter logistic model (1PLM) and its’ application in test development. Two research questions were answered and the design of the study was the instrumentation. Instrumentation research is a scientific investigation for meticulous development or construction of a test or measuring instrument that validity measures that concept or psychological construct, which it intends to measure with all accuracy (Kpolovie, 2010). A multi-stage sampling technique was used to acquire a sample size of 200 students for the study. A simple random sampling technique was used to select four schools from the local government area. Stratified random sampling was used to select 50 students each from each of the four schools to give the needed sample of 200 for the study. The instrument for this study was a self-developed mathematics test items. It is a 50 items test. The format is multiple-choice objectives with five (5) options lettered A-E. Findings revealed that the use of one parameter latent trait theory (Rasch model) offers the opportunity to deal with core measurement issues such as construct validity as well as providing richer interpretation regarding examinee performance
Influence of Selected Socio-Economic Factors on Crop Productivity under Irrigated Agriculture among Kimira-Oluch Smallholder Farmers of Homa Bay County, Kenya
Get PDFIrrigation technology plays a critical role in enhancing agricultural productivity globally. For the last ten years, the availability of water for irrigation has been rapidly declining yet the demand for water for irrigation has been on arise. The introduction of irrigation technologies as immediate interventions for crop productivity has proved to be effective in many countries and most likely has changed the phenomenon to a more reliable and sustainable agricultural production. Despite many efforts by the Kenyan government to improve the country’s agricultural sector, still there is low crop productivity due to the continued practice of rainfed agriculture. The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of selected socio-economic factors that is the attitude towards the introduction of irrigation intervention, Irrigation technologies, Gender participation, Age of the participant, Household income, and Level of education on crop productivity among Kimira-Oluch smallholder farmers in Homa Bay County, Kenya. A survey methodology with an Ex-post facto research design was used with a sampling frame consisting of 340 smallholders. Data were collected through interview schedules administered to participants in irrigated agriculture and Non-participants (rainfed agriculture). Inferential statistics used involves multiple regression analysis and two-way ANOVA. The hypothesis was tested at a 5% level of significance and the results revealed an absolute value of correlation coefficient of 0.823 which indicates that there is a high correlation between the crop productivity and selected socio-economic factors that is (ATT, IRT, GP, HI, AR and ELR). The findings further revealed that R2= 0.714 of the proportionate variation of the model an indication that, the selected socio-economic factors can predict 71.4% of crop productivity and the other variables not included in the model can only predict 29.6% of productivity. By using analysis of variance (ANOVA) the findings revealed that the regression model predicts that there is a significant improvement in crop productivity and the farming system as well. This was revealed by the F-ratio of 71.83 indicating a significant relationship at a p-value of= 0 .000. The model will be of greater use in determining the influence of socio-economic factors on crop productivity in other regions without necessary undergoing the full research processes thus reducing the research expenses by almost half
Relationship Management and Customer Retention in the Banking Sector: A Case Study of Akure Metropolis, Nigeria: Research Paper
No full textThis paper is to study customer relationship management and customer retention in the banking sector. The specific objectives are to: determine the relationship between service quality and customer retention; investigate the relationship between technology adoption and customer retention; access the relationship between complaint handling and customer retention in the banking sector. A descriptive survey research design was adopted through the questionnaire. Customers of three selected banks: Access/Diamond bank, Guarantee trust bank and Zenith bank constituted the study population. The sample size was 300 which were selected using homogeneous purposive sampling. Primary data used for the study were gathered through a structured questionnaire. Data gathered were analyzed using the Pearson product-moment correlation. The result showed that there is the relationship between service quality and customer retention; furthermore, it showed that there is the relationship between technology adoption and customer retention and finally, it showed that there is the relationship between complaint handling and customer retention. Thus, the study concluded that customer relationship management is positively related to customer retention in Akure Metropolis
Spiritual Fitness and Community Welfare
Get PDFSpiritual fitness has become a hot subject since the outbreak of COVID-10. The World Health Organization, in 1948, defined health as “ not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. … it is a complete state of physical, mental and social well being.” Later on the spiritual dimension was added ensuring that health stems from an amalgam of bodily, mental, social wellbeing in addition to spiritual fitness. The belief that spirituality may help people attain meaning through experiencing humanity in all aspects of life has in the last decade moved to academia and excited many researchers. Thus, in social sciences, like leadership studies, researchers have recognized the importance of individual spirituality (spiritual fitness) and how it could be achieved through a comprehensive and balanced life individually and in communities. In this sense, contemporary research has in a thought-provoking way suggested that the spiritual domain should be seen as an integral element of societal development. 
Material Culture of the Lepcha, Inhabitants of Sikkim, India: An Anthropological Perspective
Get PDFLepchas are the original inhabitants of Sikkim, India. The Lepchas are of mongoloid stock and some anthropologist trace their origins to Mongolia or Tibet. However, the Lepchas themselves have no such history of migration in their traditional knowledge. They believe themselves to be the natives of the Sikkim and even consider Mt. Kanchenjunga as the abode of their ancestors. This study is based on Material culture of the Lepcha. Material culture is tangible and ponderable object produced or used by humans like clothes, ornament, kitchen utensils, tools, machineries. Aim of this study is to know the material culture of Lepcha people and to know what are the changes coming in their material culture along with cause and effect of such changes. In this paper it will be further revealed that traditional material culture used by Lepcha people are vanishing gradually. Material culture are surviving in their society just as an antique souvenir of the past. Though there are also some types of material culture which are still in use. Due to various reasons mainly due to contact with other culture we can see change in their traditional culture materials.Tourism, modernization, acculturation are some reasons for change.
Key words: Material culture, Tangible, Change, Modernization, Acculturation