International Journal of Research in Social Science and Humanities (IJRSS) ISSN:2582-6220, DOI: 10.47505/IJRSS
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Implementation of Policy Regarding the Program Desa Sarjana in Malinau District
Full text linkHigher education is a strategic pillar in human resource development, especially in rural areas with limited access to education, such as Malinau Regency, North Kalimantan Province. To overcome educational disparities and expand access to higher education for rural youth, the Malinau Regency Government established the Program Desa Sarjana policy through Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2022. This study aims to examine the implementation of this policy and identify the supporting and inhibiting factors. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. The policy implementation theory used is the Van Meter and Van Horn model, which includes six main variables: policy standards and objectives, resources, characteristics of the implementing organization, attitudes of implementers, inter-organizational communication, and the external environment. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation of informants from the Community and Village Empowerment Agency (DPMD), program implementation staff, and Program Desa Sarjana (PDS) participants. The results show that the Program Desa Sarjana has been implemented per the established regulations, but still faces various challenges in the field. Supporting factors in implementing this program include political commitment from the local government, regulatory and budgetary support, and high enthusiasm among village communities for higher education.
On the other hand, the dominant inhibiting factors include limited scholarship quotas, a lack of higher education infrastructure, and low awareness among some communities of the importance of continuing their education to the undergraduate level. This study concludes that the Sarjana Village Program is a progressive and relevant affirmative action in the context of development in remote areas such as Malinau. However, for its implementation to be more optimal, continuous evaluation, expansion of targets, strengthening of implementing institutions, and improvement of educational literacy among the village community are needed
Participatory Budgeting and Performance of National Government Constituency Development Fund Projects: A Case of Molo Constituency, Kenya
Full text linkParticipatory budgeting within integrated financial planning is crucial for enhancing efficiency in government-funded projects. However, NGCDF projects face challenges including delays, cost overruns, stalled developments, poor quality, and local community dissatisfaction, revealing a gap between project goals and actual outcomes, which raises significant concerns about overall effectiveness and performance at the constituency level. The current study assessed the effect of participatory budgeting on performance of NGCDF projects in Molo Constituency, Kenya. The study was anchored on Musgrave theory of public finance. A descriptive research design was applied. The target population for the present study was the 39 Ongoing NGCDF projects in Molo Constituency. The researcher involved the project manager from each project, 3 project management committee (PMC) members, and 10 NGCDF committee members, who forms the unit of observation. Therefore, the total population of interest was 127, comprising 117 committee (PMC) members, and 10 NGCDF committee members. Data collection was done using questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistical methods were employed for data analysis. For inferential analysis, Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted. The analysis was aided by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). As per the descriptive research findings, the performance of NGCDF projects is affected by the participatory budgeting. The correlation analysis showed that participatory budgeting (r = 0.618**, p = 0.000) had positive and significant relationship with the performance of NGCDF projects. In the regression analysis, the beta coefficient was found to be 0.313 with a t-value of 7.654 and a p-value of 0.000. This result indicates that participatory budgeting had a significant effect on the performance of NGCDF projects. The study concluded that effective participatory budgeting improves project prioritization, accountability, and timely execution, which enhances performance. The study recommended strengthening budget structuring to ensure that NGCDF projects are guided by realistic financial frameworks that align available resources with project priorities. Budgets should be developed based on accurate cost estimates, transparent allocation criteria, and clearly defined timelines. This will enhance overall financial efficiency and performance in NGCDF projects
Comparison of farming productivity on economic well-being between households using conventional and indigenous farming methods in the Midlands of Embu County in Kenya
Full text linkAgriculture is vital to Kenya’s economy, supporting over 80% of rural residents, contributing one-third of GDP, and supplying 65% of export earnings. Despite international and national efforts to promote conventional and sustainable farming, global food insecurity has worsened, with acute hunger rising by 10% to affect 343 million people in 74 countries. Industrial-scale, high-yield agriculture has often destabilized sustainability, causing environmental harm, social inequality, chronic diseases, and increased food insecurity. With the global population expected to reach 10.4 billion by the 2080s, transforming agri-food systems is crucial for resilient food security, environmental resiliency and economic stability. The reliance on rain-fed agriculture at the Midlands of Embu County highlights the need to compare conventional and indigenous farming productivity to better understand their effect on economic well-being. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of farming productivity on economic well-being between conventional and Indigenous farm households at the midlands of Embu County in Kenya. The study adopted the comparative research design and descriptive survey design. The study population comprised of 66,878 farmer households and key informants in the Midlands of Embu County in Kenya. A sample size of 384 was drawn from the farm households according to the Cochran formula. Stratified random sampling, Purposive and systematic random sampling techniques were used. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires, interview schedule and observation check lists. A pilot test of the research instruments was conducted on 36 respondents from Evurori, Kirimari and Gachoka wards were a Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.965 was obtained showing high level reliability of the research instruments. The data was then analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to summarize results on respondents’ responses on the effect of the farm productivity on economic well-being. T-test was used to compare the productivity of indigenous and conventional farming methods while simple linear regression was used to establish the relationships between farm productivity and house hold economic well-being. The simple linear regression on farm Productivity (FP) indicated a significant negative effect on Income Total, with p = .001 for the indigenous farming practices with R² = 0.060 while for conventional farming the results revealed a statistically significant relationship between the two variables with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.152 and an R-squared value of 0.023. The study recommends implementation of policies that promote sustainable farming, protect small scale farmers and encourage biodiversity conservation. The results obtained will guide adoption of sustainable farming practices, policy reviews and add to the existing knowledge of research
Customized Training Practices and Job Performance at County Government of Nakuru, Kenya
Full text linkCounty governments in Kenya continue to experience persistent challenges in job performance within a dynamic and evolving administrative environment. Despite various initiatives aimed at improving public service delivery, operational inefficiencies remain a major concern, reducing both productivity and service quality. As a result, widespread administrative weaknesses continue to hinder effective job performance across the devolved units. The current study assessed the effect of customized training practices and job performance at county government of Nakuru, Kenya. The study was anchored on human capital theory. A descriptive research design was used. The target population included the 49 human resource officers working in various departments at County Government of Nakuru. A structured questionnaire was used in data collection. Both descriptive and inferential statistical methods were employed in data analysis. The Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) aided in the data analysis, and results were presented in tables. The study found positive and statistically significant relationships between customized training practices and job performance (r = 0.586; p = 0.000). The regression analysis showed that the coefficient of determination was R² = 0.343, meaning 34.3% of the variation in job performance was explained by these practices. There was a significant effect (t = 4.517; p = 0.000<0.05), implying that customized training practices influence the job performance at the County Government of Nakuru. The study concludes that customized training significantly enhances job performance by aligning learning with specific job roles, fostering technical competence, accountability, and innovation within the county workforce. It is therefore recommended that the County Government of Nakuru adopt a structured training policy guided by regular needs assessments to ensure continuous, evidence-based skill development aligned with departmental and organizational priorities.
Real Estate Investment Trusts and Financial Performance of Life Insurance Companies in Nairobi County, Kenya
Full text linkLife insurance companies in Kenya are experiencing challenges in financial performance, characterized by low profitability despite increasing premium inflows. Although revenues have grown, many insurers continue to incur underwriting losses. Additionally, profit margins are being suppressed by a continuous decline in return on assets, signaling inefficiencies in capital utilization and weak returns from investment portfolios. The present study sought to establish the effect of portfolio diversification through real estate investment trusts on financial performance of life insurance companies. A causal research design was used. The target population was the 23 life insurance companies. From each company, the finance officers, risk and compliance officers, actuaries, and underwriters will be involved in the study. This means 4 respondents from each company, hence a total of 92 respondents. A questionnaire was used to gather primary data. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were employed in this study. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings were presented in tables. The results revealed a significant relationship between real estate investment trusts and financial performance (r = 0.394). Regression analysis further showed that real estate investment trusts accounted for 15.5% of the variation in financial performance (R² = 0.155). It was concluded that real estate investment trusts substantially strengthen financial outcomes by balancing risk, liquidity, and growth. It is therefore recommended that life insurance companies to focus more on capital allocation to real estate investment trusts to improve financial performance
Transformation of Public Sector Behavioral Accounting: The Critical Role of HR in Preventing Financial Fraud Through Digitalization in Indonesia
Full text linkThis research explores changes in behavioral accounting in the public sector, focusing on the role of human resources in preventing financial fraud through digitalization. Information technology is expected to increase transparency and accountability, as well as reduce fraud. Analysis of challenges and training of human resources are key to improving the integrity and efficiency of public financial management in Indonesia. Explores the critical role of human resources in the transformation of behavioral accounting in the Indonesian public sector and analyzes how digitalization can contribute to financial fraud prevention. To improve the integrity and transparency of public financial management in Indonesia through the role of HR and digitalization to prevent financial fraud.
The research approach is a mixed method, namely quantitative and qualitative methods with an interpretivist paradigm. The participants in this study were leadership elements in regencies and cities in East Java (N = 38). The transformation of behavioral accounting in the public sector in Indonesia is significantly influenced by the active role of human resources (HR) in adopting digital technology. Research has identified that HR training and competency development are key factors in preventing financial fraud, as they can improve oversight capabilities and enable more transparent financial reporting. Furthermore, digitalization has proven effective in strengthening the accountability and efficiency of public financial management. These findings also underscore the importance of organizational support and policies that support digital transformation to achieve optimal results in preventing financial fraud. The practical implications of this research indicate that government agencies need to integrate human resource (HR) training and development into their digitalization strategies to enhance their oversight and financial fraud risk mitigation capabilities.
This research contribution develops a framework that links behavioral accounting transformation, the role of HR, and digitalization to prevent financial fraud and increase public financial transparency
Transforming Tri Hita Karana into Subak's Customary Laws For Sustainable Development in Bali
Full text linkTri Hita Karana is a Balinese concept of local wisdom. It emphasizes the balance among relationships with God, fellow humans, and the environment. Subak, Bali's traditional irrigation system, implements this concept. However, modern developments and globalization present new challenges. They require a transformation of Tri Hita Karana values within the Subak's customary laws (awig-awig) to keep them relevant and supportive of sustainable development. This study examines how Tri Hita Karana values are integrated into the Subak Karang Gadon customary laws and their impact on Subak sustainability. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study finds that transforming Tri Hita Karana values within Subak's customary laws is essential to supporting sustainable development, directly reinforcing the achievement of several SDGs related to hunger, water, consumption, and climate action
The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment in Africa’s Economic Growth: The Mediating Role of Financial Development
Full text linkForeign direct investment (FDI) and the development of domestic financial systems are two key factors influencing growth in many countries worldwide. This study investigates the impact of FDI on the economic growth of African countries with emphasis on the mediating role of financial development. The study examines 43 African Countries over a period spanning from 2010 to 2024 using longitudinal data. The study employs Fixed Effects Regression analysis based on the results of the Hausman Test conducted. The results indicate that FDI exhibits a statistically insignificant negative relationship with economic growth. Also, the effect of financial development on economic growth is negative and significant. However, the interaction coefficient between FDI and financial development exhibited a positive, albeit non-significant, impact on the economic growth of African Countries. The study recommends implementing policies to deepen financial markets in African countries. Additionally, policymakers should de-emphasise the FDI volume inflows. Instead, governments should target productive and technology-intensive FDI that focuses on sectors like manufacturing, renewable energy, and ICT. Finally, African country governments should invest in Human Capital to strengthen the strong positive link between human capital, productivity and growth, through increased investment in education, technical skills, and healthcare
Influence of Teachers' Competence on Student Learning outcomes: Study of Teacher Development Program
Full text linkTeacher competence is widely recognized as a key factor in promoting student achievement. However, this study in Public Secondary School revealed contrasting patterns. Correlation analysis showed a strong negative relationship between measured teacher competence and student academic performance (r = –0.63, p < 0.001). While this indicates a significant association, the negative direction suggests that high competence scores, as measured by PPST indicators, did not correspond to higher student outcomes. This mismatch may reflect gaps between formal standards and the realities of student learning needs. By contrast, students’ perceptions of teacher competence demonstrated a weak but significant positive correlation with performance (r = 0.22, p = 0.01). Although weak, this result highlights the motivational role of perceived teacher effectiveness, suggesting that students who view their teachers as competent are more likely to engage and achieve better academically. This underscores the importance of relational and affective dimensions of teaching, beyond technical skills alone. Qualitative findings pointed to barriers such as workload, limited training, and lack of institutional support. These issues may limit the translation of competence into learning gains. Thus, the proposed Teacher Development and Instructional Impact Program (TDIIP) aims to align competence with inclusive pedagogy and student-centered practices. The study concludes that competence alone does not determine achievement; perceptions and systemic supports are equally critical
Implementation of the Policy on Electronic ID card Management Services in Ponorogo Regency
Full text linkThis research is to study complaints from the community regarding difficulty in applying for electronic ID cards. According to Ponorogo Regency Regulation Number 1 of 2018, Chapter X, Article 74, paragraph 1, the issuance of electronic ID cards or similar documents must be completed within 14 days after all documents are complete and received by the Ponorogo Regency Population and Civil Registration Office. The objectives of this study are (1) to describe and analyze the implementation of the electronic ID card application service policy in Ponorogo Regency based on Ponorogo Regency Regulation No. 1 of 2018. (2) To describe and analyze the factors that support and hinder the implementation of the electronic ID card service policy in Ponorogo Regency based on Ponorogo Regency Regulation Number 1 of 2018. This study employs Edward III's theory, utilizing indicators of communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. This study employs a qualitative descriptive research method, utilizing snowball sampling to select 10 informants. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the electronic ID card administration service policy in Ponorogo Regency has been carried out effectively, utilizing communication patterns, resources, and a straightforward bureaucratic structure that is easy to follow. The supporting factors for the electronic ID card administration service policy at the Ponorogo Regency Population and Civil Registration Office are direct and indirect communication, a proportional number of human resources providing services, sufficient budgetary resources, adequate equipment resources, clear, precise, and accurate policy disposition, and a simple bureaucracy that utilizes digital technology. The inhibiting factors include the lack of socialization within the community and frequent disruptions in the network system between the Ponorogo Regency Population and the Civil Registration Office and the center, which hinder the completion of the KTP-el service process