International Journal of Research in Social Science and Humanities (IJRSS) ISSN:2582-6220, DOI: 10.47505/IJRSS
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Democracy and Inclusive Development in India
Get PDFThis paper analyses the complex relationship between democracy and inclusive development in India. As the world's largest democracy, India has observed consequential economic development over the past few decades. Nevertheless, this development has not always been inclusive. Marginalized groups, such as rural populations, women, Scheduled Castes and Tribes, and economically weaker sections, have many times been left out of the benefits of this development. This paper claims that while democracy may be an important tool for ensuring inclusive development, it is not sufficient in itself. An effective democracy requires strong institutions, accountable governance, and active citizen participation. In India, government interventions such as the electoral process, decentralization (Panchayati Raj), and social security schemes have helped promote inclusiveness. Nevertheless, despite these toil, inequality and social exclusion remain major challenges. This paper highlights the pervasive discrepancies in access to knowledge, health, and business chance. It concludes that economic policies alone are not enough for inclusive growth, but that a focus on social justice and political empowerment is also essential. Economic development but also ensures equal opportunities and a dignified life for all citizens.
Beyond the Veil of Numbers: Understanding the Social Reality of SC and ST Women in Bakalir Chhara Enclave
Get PDFPaschim Bakalir Chhara (enclave) was one of the 51 Bangladeshi chhits /chits (enclaves) in India geographically located in Dinhata Sub-division, Cooch Behar district prior to the ratification of the India-Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement (LBA) in 2015. This article examines the social status of SC and ST women in Paschim Bakalir Chhara, tracing its demographic characteristics, and the challenges faced by its concerned Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) women residents under a stateless existence and after enclave exchange in 2015. It also highlights the impact of the 2015 enclave exchange on the social condition after this enclave became an integral part of the Indian state
The Performance of Wilayatul Hisbah in the Context of Islamic Shariah Implementation in Simeulue Regency
Get PDFThe enforcement of law in Aceh Province reflects the special autonomy the central government grants to implement Islamic Sharia. Qanun is a form of legislation equivalent to regional regulations, established by several specialized agencies to oversee the implementation of Islamic Sharia, one of which is Wilayatul Hisbah or Sharia police. Wilayatul Hisbah is a key factor in the success of the implementation of Qanun on Islamic Sharia. As time progresses, it is evident that the responsibilities of Wilayatul Hisbah have increased due to a rise in violations. Various phenomena of violations against Islamic Sharia rules within the community create the perception that Wilayatul Hisbah has not performed optimally in fulfilling its duties. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the extent of Wilayatul Hisbah's performance in implementing Islamic Sharia. This research employs a quantitative approach, with data collection conducted through a questionnaire via Google Forms and statistical data analysis. The results indicate that Wilayatul Hisbah's performance in implementing Islamic Sharia has not yet been fully realized in Simeulue Regency. To maximize the performance of Wilayatul Hisbah, considerations must be made regarding effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and accuracy
Continuous adaptation and Performance of Information Technology Projects of Tier one Commercial Banks in Kenya
Get PDFThe effective execution of information technology (IT) projects is crucial for sustaining a competitive advantage in Kenya’s rapidly evolving banking sector. Despite this importance, many IT projects in commercial banks often fail to meet their intended performance goals due. Moreover, there has been little emphasis on flexibility and adaptation, which are essential for ensuring responsiveness to dynamic technological and market changes. Therefore, the current research examined the continuous adaptation and its effect on performance of information technology projects in tier one banks in Kenya. The study was anchored on theory of agile project management. The study adopted an explanatory research design. The target population was the eight Tier-1 commercial banks, which formed the unit of analysis. The unit of observation comprised the 128 individuals involved in execution and management of IT projects. Data was collected through structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The results showed that the correlation coefficient was (r = 0.664; p=0.000). The regression analysis revealed an R² value of 0.441, indicating that approximately 44.1% of the variation in project performance was explained by continuous adaptation. These findings imply that continuous adaptation affect the performance of information technology projects in tier-one banks. The study concludes that continuous adaptation is vital for enhancing the resilience and overall performance of information technology projects by promoting agility and responsiveness to dynamic operational environments. The study recommends that tier-one banks strengthen their agile project management approaches by institutionalizing adaptive practices that enable timely alignment of project strategies with emerging technological and regulatory changes to improve performance
SPATIO-TEMPORAL TRENDS, CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE-INDUCED MIGRATION IN OBI AND DOMA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA, 2015-2024
Get PDFThe study examined the dynamics; (trends, causes and effects) of conflict-induced migration in the selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Obi and Doma of Nasarawa State. Environmental determinism theory provided the theoretical frameworks. Research survey design was applied while purposive sampling technique was adopted to select the study area based on the status rural-urban status of the two LGAs. Stratified sampling method was used to select the sampled population. Quantitative method of data collection was adopted via the administration questionnaire; 60 and 90 respondents were systematically sampled in Obi and Doma LGAs, respectively, totalling 150. Qualitative methods of a one-time focus group discussions (FGDs) session, involving eight (8) randomly selected volunteered residents, comprising five (5) males and three (3) females and in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with an elderly stakeholder in each of the two LGAs. Quantitative data were analysed and presented in frequences, percentages, charts, chi-squares and Pearsons’ Correlation while the qualitative data were transcribed and content analysed. Migration dynamics showed that majority of the respondents had their household members migrated due to climate change conflict-induced migration, the flow and direction were majorly towards the North and destination, Lafia. Reverse out-migration was reported scanty and reason for returning was mainly, ‘improved security.’ Drought (80.0%) and overgrazing (33.3%) were reported as causative factors of climate change conflict-induced migration. Household income (75.0%), livelihood sustainability (40.9%), agricultural workforce (53.3%) and farms and properties (90.0%) were affirmed as the consequential effects of climate change conflict-induced migration. Temporary migration (92.0%) and government policy (83.3%) were agreed as coping mechanisms for climate change conflict-induced migration. It was therefore, recommended that government should provide mitigation and coping strategies to cushion the devastating effects of climate change while adequate security should be provided to avoid farmer-herder conflict in the study area
Reframing Communicative Competence in the AI Era: A Conceptual Framework for Human-AI Communication in EFL Contexts
Get PDFThis article highlights the limitations of original Communicative Competence (Hymes, 1972; Canale & Swain, 1980) and proposes a new framework, AI-Mediated Communicative Competence, to capture emerging dynamics of AI-mediated communication. The framework draws on the Thai context, where English learners continue to face an examination-oriented learning system.
This conceptual synthesis compiles recent studies on AI tools for English learning (Du & Daniel, 2024; Mingyan, Noordin, & Razali, 2025; Klímová, 2023; Yin et al., 2025) alongside research on Thai learners’ anxiety and confidence (Poonpon, 2017; Kitikanan & Sasimonton, 2017). These empirical findings inform the development of a framework that extends traditional Communicative Competence to align with digital-age learning. The synthesis shows that while AI tools can enhance skills such as fluency and accuracy, existing research does not yet provide systematic explanations of AI’s impact on discourse competence, strategic competence, and affective resilience. The proposed framework introduces five dimensions: AI-assisted grammatical competence, AI literacy as part of sociolinguistic competence, discourse competence under AI-mediated interaction, strategic competence for AI interaction, and affective resilience. Thailand is presented as a contextual case illustrating the need to adapt traditional Communicative Competence.
The framework contributes to theory and practice by expanding Communicative Competence to address communication in the AI era and by offering insights for instructors and policymakers on balanced AI integration. Future research should conduct empirical investigations and develop hybrid competence assessment tools to validate the framework in authentic classroom settings
Effect of Credit Risk Management on Financial Performance of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria
Get PDFDeposit Money Banks (DMBs) deal with loans to customers that are anticipated to be returned following the terms of the arrangement. Customers who fail to repay their loans within the prearranged timeframe risk accruing bad and doubtful debt, which could have an adverse effect on the bank's stability and financial performance.
This study was conducted to explore the effect of credit risk management on the financial performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria for 2013-2022. The study adopted an ex-post facto research design and sampled ten (10) listed deposit money banks.
Using Panel Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression as a data estimation technique, the result of the study showed that credit risk management has a significant effect on return on asset (Adj R2= 0.301, F-Statistics =4.561471, p-value=0.000011<0.05).
Based on the results, the study concluded that credit risk management has a significant effect on the financial performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria.
The study recommended that the management of deposit money banks should focus on strengthening their credit risk management practices and ensuring sufficient liquidity to mitigate the negative impact on profitability
Teacher Leadership and Collaboration in Leading Curriculum Innovation: A Case Study on Effective Practices
Get PDFThis case study investigates the role of teacher leadership and collaboration in facilitating curriculum innovation within the educational settings of Davao de Oro and Davao City. The research focuses on the effective practices that improve educational outcomes and how teacher collaboration and leadership drive curriculum reform. The study is guided by three key objectives: exploring teachers' lived experiences in implementing curriculum innovations, identifying coping mechanisms to overcome the challenges associated with curriculum changes, and uncovering insights and strategies that support curriculum reform. The study also seeks to address three central research questions regarding the challenges teachers face in implementing new curriculum practices, the strategies they use to cope with these challenges, and the lessons they have learned that can guide future curriculum innovations. Theoretical grounding for this study is provided by Transformational Leadership Theory, which emphasizes the role of leaders in creating an environment that fosters creativity, collaboration, and innovation. The theory underscores the importance of teacher leaders in driving educational change and promoting cooperative practices. This research employed a qualitative-case study approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews to gather data from six public master teachers in the Department of Education, who were selected based on their extensive experience in teaching and leading curriculum initiatives. Thematic analysis was employed to interpret the data, allowing for an in-depth understanding of how teacher leadership and collaboration contribute to successful curriculum innovation. The findings highlight key strategies used by teachers to overcome challenges and provide valuable insights for educators and administrators seeking to foster a culture of curriculum innovation in schools. By documenting the practices of effective teacher leaders, this study contributes to the broader understanding of how teacher collaboration and leadership can drive meaningful curriculum reforms in diverse educational contexts.
Negotiating the Language of Counseling: A Conversation Analysis of Initial Counseling Sessions
Get PDFLanguage, as a fundamental aspect of communication, plays a pivotal role in shaping the connection between counselor and client within counseling conversations. This study micro-analyzed counselor-client interactions, focusing on turn-taking mechanisms and structural organizations. Using CA as the primary framework, a qualitative approach was employed to analyze sixteen audio-recorded counseling sessions conducted in higher education institutions in Davao City, Philippines. Findings revealed that counselors primarily managed turn-taking through direct questioning, unfinished clauses, and explicit speaker selection. Transition relevance places were signaled by pauses, tag questions, and rising intonation, ensuring smooth speaker transitions. Various repair mechanisms, including self-initiated self-repair (expansion, repetition, hesitation, abort and abandon, abort and restart, and avoidance), other-initiated self-repair, self-initiated other-repair, and other-initiated other-repair, were employed to clarify miscommunications, correct speech errors, and maintain conversational coherence. Furthermore, counseling sessions followed a structured format comprising three main moves: the opening move, which involved relationship-building and social conversation; the topic development move, which addressed concerns such as anxiety and depression, academic stress, emotional crises, physical well-being, mental distress; and the termination move, includes assurance to help, encouragement, and support. Findings can be used to develop targeted training programs for counselors to improve conversational strategies in counseling. Policymakers can integrate linguistic insights to enhance mental health interventions. Future research should explore cross-cultural variations in counseling discourse, including non-verbal cues, by incorporating a more diverse participant pool.
Sustainability of Government-Funded School Projects: Nature, Criteria and Factors Affecting Community Participation in Sustaining Government-Funded School Projects in Morogoro Region, Tanzania
Get PDFThis study explored the sustainability of government-funded school projects with a focus on nature, criteria, and factors affecting community participation in government-funded school projects in the Morogoro Region, Tanzania. The study employed a qualitative research approach. A total of 33 participants were involved. The study includes heads of schools, school board chairpersons, ward councilors, and ward education officers from secondary schools in selected districts. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and then analyzed using thematic analysis. The study found that community participation in sustaining school projects varied by locality, with urban areas like Morogoro Municipality offering financial support, while rural districts such as Kilosa and Gairo provided labor and materials. However, participation was mostly passive and consultative, with minimal involvement in planning and decision-making, which weakened long-term sustainability. Informal practices, personal ties, and leadership influence shaped participation more than formal processes, while barriers such as economic hardship, poor communication, and weak leadership limited engagement though inclusive and transparent leadership significantly boosted trust and involvement. The study recommends establishing clear participation frameworks, enhancing community awareness, training local leaders, and introducing flexible contribution models to promote inclusive and sustained involvement