UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
Not a member yet
2915 research outputs found
Sort by
Multi-polarity and Global Leadership
No full textContemporary world policy does not seem capable enough to address urgentglobal problems and to prevent the emergence of the new ones. As a result,injustice and inequality aggravate in the world scale. Progressing crisis withinWestern civilization has created new waves of conflicts in the Euro-Atlantic area, as well as in other regions of the world. Meanwhile, globalization, economic regionalization and growing multi-polarity have opened new development possibilities for non-Euro-Atlantic macro regions and civilizations. The article compares different models of globalization, where each of them attempts to adopt its own scenarios for global development, and achieve leadership on global scene. But despite such ambitious pretentions, global problems of humanity are still ongoing and aggravating, due to inflexible, archaic, bureaucratic decision-making processes. Moreover, in the context of globalization, unsustainable world politics becomes a transnational problem
A Multiple Streams Explanation of Pakistan’s Climate Change Policy
No full textDespite having minimal contribution to the global carbon emissions, Pakistanis considered to be one of the most vulnerable countries to the catastrophes ofclimate change. The country experienced back-to-back super floods in 2010and 2011. In 2010 alone, the floods inundated 20 percent of the country anddisplaced some 20 million people, making it the biggest human displacement caused by a single climate-induced event in the history(Ministry of ClimateChange, 2012). In the wake of these disasters, the Government of Pakistanestablished the world’s first full-fledged National Ministry of Climate Change and approved a National Policy on Climate Change in 2012. In this context, this paper applies a Multiple Streams lens to understand the agenda-setting process that prompted the development and approval of this policy. The paper will first discuss Pakistan’s vulnerability to climate change and the relevant literature on climate change agenda setting, and will then explore how various facts and events fit into the three streams of Multiple Streams Framework to account for the agenda-setting process that led to development and approval of the national climate change policy
Probation of Civil Servants: Context and Challenges in Pakistan
No full textA probationary appointment is deemed to be a preliminary step towards the permanent appointment of a person to a particular post and in this way, theemployer is enabled to judge the appointee within the scales devised for this purpose. The exacerbatory aspect of the law relating to probation of civil servants in Pakistan is that it potently armors the employer to control a new entrant into the arena of civil service and leaves little room for the probationer to galvanize his fragile position. The conclusions inferred and suggestions made don’t but rather demonstrate an effort to unearth hidden aspects of the law for creating balance on both sides of the equation. With this end in view, the author relies not only on primary sources but benefits secondary sources as well
A Generalization to Ordinary Derivative and its Associated Integral with some applications
No full textThis paper proposes a generalization to the ordinary derivative, the deformable derivative. For this, we employ a limit approach like theordinary derivative but use a parameter varying over the unit interval. Thedefinition makes the deformable derivative equivalent to the ordinary derivativebecause one’s existence implies another. Its intrinsic property ofcontinuously deforming function to its derivative, together with the graphicalillustration of linear expression of the function and its derivative, renderssufficient substances to name it deformable derivative. We deriveRolle’s, Mean-value and Taylor’s theorems for the deformable derivativeby establishing some of its basic properties. We also define the deformableintegral using the fundamental theorem of calculus and discuss associatedinverse, linearity, and commutativity property. In addition, we establish aconnection between deformable integral and Riemann-Liouville fractionalintegral. As theoretical applications, we solve some fractional differentialequation
KNOWLEDGE INFLUENCE ON PURCHASE INTENTION TOWARDS REMANUFACTURED MOBILE PHONES
Full text linkConsumers’ knowledge exerts great impact on their willingness to make purchase decisions. The present research aims to study the influence of knowledge on perceived risk, perceived value, and purchase intention towards remanufactured mobile phones. Data were collected from randomly selected mobile phone users who were 18 to 50 plus years old. A closed-end questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS and AMOS were used for the data analysis. Findings indicate positive influence of previous experience, subjective knowledge and perceived value on purchase intention. Perceived risk exerts negative influence on purchase intention. Quality knowledge and price knowledge exert negative impact on perceived risk and positive impact on perceived value. Perceived value is positively influenced by environment knowledge.Theory-based model of this research can be used in future research regarding behavior of consumers in remanufacturing or close-loop supply chain. This research provides new findings regarding knowledge influence on purchase intention towards remanufactured products.Keywords: Learning Theory; Objective knowledge; Perceived risk; Perceived value; Previous experience; Prospect theory; Purchase Intention; Remanufacturing; Subjective knowledgehttps://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.4
Letter Writing of Dr. Aslam Ansari
No full textWriting letters is a fantastic way to keep the mind active as it helps to improve memory, concentration and communication skills. Research suggests that writing letters to your nearest and dearest can help you feel happier and more satisfied. Letter writing is an important genre in Urdu Literature. The art of letter writing, formal and informal, has made many a people well known in the literary circles. Dr. Aslam Ansari, one of Urdu's famous poet, critic and researcher, has also enriched the world of literature with his letters. They are insightful in terms of literature and criticism. He used his letters not only as a means of communication but also highlighted many intellectual aspects. In this article, a review of Aslam Ansari's letters is being presented for the first time
Pakistan’s Religious Elite and Afghanistan: Antecedents
No full textReligious commonalities between Pakistan and Afghanistan are inevitable part of their relationships. So there is a need to understand the ramifications of dynamics of religious elite approach of Pakistan in order to comprehend the true nature of PakAfghan relations. Pakistan right after its creation faced a dilemma about that what role should Islam play in the Pakistani state. The Modernists were not ready to reconcile with the idea of theocracy. The conservatives with contrary position over role of religion believed that only Sharia Law should govern it. This debate stiffened with the passage of time and finally religion was followed as a consistent policy of state for defining Pakistan‟s identity as Islamic state. Eventually the role of religion in Pakistan‟s political system gave birth to a unique power pole, that is the priest class, the „Ulema‟ in the capacity of leaders of religious political parties. Who, however, despite being in an ideological state, failed to secure a significant political representation in elected bodies and take an influential and meaningful share in the strata of ruling elite. However, these religious elite have always had relevance with Afghan affairs. Specifically, their role became more visible and relevancy increased owing to their proactive role during the Afghan Jihad against Soviet Union, and later during the Taliban Rule. The central question of research is why religious elite in Pakistan have always shown a proactive stance towards Afghan affairs. So this study would be analyzing the role and relevancy of Pakistan's religious elite with Pakistan –Afghanistan Relations. This research would also substantiate the current scenario of Pakistan Afghan Relations with special reference to religious elite approach
The ‘Islamic State’ and its Implications for the World Peace
No full textThe phenomenal rise of ‘Islamic State’ with vast area under its control, strongorganizational base, huge financial resources and global recruitment, hasposed severe challenges to the issue of state sovereignty, regional order andglobal peace. Its far-reaching ability to strike in Europe and Middle East haspsycho-social and political connotations. The limited efforts to contain the IShave been met with varying successes. However, in the recent past, serious,concentrated and pointed efforts have yielded positive results, as the IS haslost territory, curtailing of supply lines and arrest of potential recruits. How thisentity is going to impact the global peace and security depends on thestakeholders how they perceive and act against the IS
Role of Ideology in Foreign Policy: A Case Study of Iran U
No full textThe main purpose of the study is to analyze the role of Ideology andpragmatism in Iranian foreign policy. Main thesis is whether one factorsurpasses the other while making the choices and decisions or both impactsequally influence the course of action in global political arena. The focusremains on the Iran’s foreign policy towards the western world in general andAmerica in particular. It also focuses the role of cultural disparity and whyconstructive breakthrough has not been achieved previously. Moreover, thecordial relationship with United States has been held in abeyance due toideological clash and policy priorities between the two states. Iran remainedfocused more on ideology rather giving attention to US strategic concerns inthe region since the end of cold war. Diplomatic behaviors of the states areresults of the historical animosities and cordialities among the states.Moreover, Iranian policy priority has been anti-hegemonic and antiimperialistic designs of the big powers in the post-cold war era. They kept theirideology alive and remained fixed on their strategic interests and ideology.Moreover, the scenario in the post 9/11 has been changing and globalenvironment continue to be tougher for underdeveloped and the developingcountries. Iran has been suffering due to unlimited economic and politicalbans because it is not bowing before the global superpower. However, thingsstarted changing and a shift came up in the policy of Iran with the emergenceof new rapprochement in shape of a historical deal with United States. Itseems the Iranian policy has tilted more on the side of pragmatism
China-Central Asia Relations: A Socio-Economic and Security Analysis of Bilateral Ties
No full textChina is a global power and economic giant in search of diversified resourcesto run its industry and potential markets which it can tap to remain a leadingseller. The next door neighbor, Central Asia, provides with this opportunity.Central Asian energy resources are a stimulus for all global powers. UnitedStates interest in the region alarms China and makes it more cautious of itsinterests. China is investing hugely in Central Asian energy infrastructure tobeing energy hungry. It eyes on Central Asian oil and gas resources. Afterdisintegration of Soviet Union, Central Asia could not step out of isolation andeconomic backwardness. Here interests of China and Central Asia converge.However, the cultural and religious divergence may become a hindrance insmooth transition to bilateral engagement. This paper endeavors to analyzethe enormity of economic and security benefits of this relation which mayovercome the social gaps