UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
Not a member yet
2915 research outputs found
Sort by
Assessment of Cerchar Abrasiveness Index by LCPC Abrasivity Coefficient and Strength Properties of Selected Rocks from Western Salt Range Punjab
Full text linkTen sedimentary rock samples including sandstones,limestones and an iron ore were collected from various locations of District Khushab, Mianwali and Trans Indus area (Punjab, Pakistan). The samples weresubjected to Cerchar and LCPC Abrasivity tests for determination of their abrasivity potential. The Cerchar Abrasivity testswere performed over both sawn and rough rock surfaces.Simple linear regression analysis was performed to establish possible correlations between Cerchar Abrasivity Index (CAI), LCPC Abrasivity Coefficient (ABR) and other physical properties of rocks including UCS and BTS. The validation of developed equations was done by using 95 % confidence interval limits. The work done shows that selected sedimentary rocks from Western Salt Range have low to medium abrasivenes
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ENERGY ALTERNATIVES: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH COMPRISING FACTORS MATRIX, DIGITAL ATTENUATION AND NEWTON-COTES INTEGRATION PROCESSES
Full text linkEconomic decision making is a intricate matter in the modern era as many explicit and implicit socio-economic and environmental factors affect choice of alternatives. This complexity is more pronounced in case of energy alternatives for Pakistan as many socio-economic and environmental factors influence the choice. Our country is blessed with many energy alternatives and we have to select feasible alternative for implementation to reduce exiting gap between energy supply and demand. Economic analysis of alternatives using cost benefit analysis (CBA) does not cater for the implicit factors such as social, ethical and environmental aspects. Therefore, this research was aimed to develop a versatile and comprehensive framework for the economic analysis of the energy alternatives based on factors matrix of socio-economic and environmental factors. A combination of three approaches were used for economic analysis of energy alternatives; the statistical analysis of factors matrix to obtain trend and ratings, digital analysis of the data by computer assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) and quantitative analysis of ratings by Newton-Cotes integration process. Paper is a unique combination of theoretical, digital and mathematical economics
Estimation of Producer gas from low-grade coal and biomass using Mathematical Modeling
Full text linkSustainable energy and reduction in greenhouse gases (GHG) are the challenging issues of the world. Due to the increase in globing warming concern, the industrial world has already reduced the use of fossil fuels to the status of minimal source of energy. Biomass is now believed to be an economically competitive with the fossil fuels, which can be subsequently used for the production of producer or syngas using appropriate technology of thermal conversion. The low energy contents of biomass are compensated by blending with a higher energy content coal. The major objective of this study was to better understand the effect of Temperature change on the producer gas composition in circulating fluidized bed gasifier (CFBG). Primarily the current work is experimental, but supplemented by the mathematical modeling that explains different steps in terms of existing scientific knowledge. The validation results showed that the model predicted the molar ratio of H2/CO in the producer gas in the range 0.97, 0.96, 0.93, 0.92, 0.927 and the measured values 0.83, 0.79, 0.78, 0.73 and 0.74 at temperature degree (°C) 750, 800, 820, 850 and 875 respectively. Similarly the molar ratio of CO/CO2 predicted by the model was; 0.81, 0.84, 0.86, 0.89 and 0.85 against the experimental molar ratio 0.86, 0.91, 0.75, 0.66 and 0.59 respectively at fixed feed and ER value
UNDERGROUD COAL GASIFICATION AND UTILIZATION OF SYNGAS IN VARIOUS FIELDS
Full text linkCoal is the most widely deposited fossil fuel on our planet. That is the reason why it plays a key role in the energy sector. Underground coal gasification (UCG) is a technique that is used in those areas where we cannot getcoal by mining. Those coal reserves having a water layer cannot be extracted by mining easily. So this technique is used where we convert coal in to gas called syngas. This is an atmosphere clean process to reduce 90% Sulphur and CO2in the air called green technology. Thar Desert (Pakistan) has world’s 2nd largest coal reserve of 175 billion ton. In this paper energy scarcity issue in Pakistan has been addressed with focus on thermal psychiatry of Thar coal reserves. The syngas can be utilized for power generation or as feedstock in the production of liquid fuels, fertilizers, or other chemical products.Main benefit for coal gasification in underground is the fact that it is a clean form of energy, because most pollutants remain underground
BIO-SORPTION OF NICKEL ON MODIFIED PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L. SEEDS
Full text linkThis contemporary study reveals the potential of modified Phoenix Dactylifera L. seeds as a biosorbent to adsorb Ni (II) ions present in simulated wastewater. The effect of initial pH and contact time on the uptake of Ni (II) ions were studied. Increase in pH from 3 to 5 increased the removal efficiency from 7.68 to 24.8 %. Pseudo 2ndorder(PSO)model was found most suitable in kinetic studies. Equilibrium was reached within first 20 minutes. Chemisorption was proved to be the rate limiting step(RLS) in biosorption of Ni (II) ions on modified Phoenix Dactylifera L. seeds