UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
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Water Management in Pakistan: Roots of Interprovincial Conflicts
Get PDFIncreasing water scarcity over the years since independence has caused numerous controversies about water distribution mechanism in Pakistan among its federating units. Pakistan being a predominantly agrarian economy relies heavily on Indus River System where all its units share water of this system for irrigation purpose. Environmental changes, population increase and increase in industrial use of water has led to water scarcity on one hand, while this scarcity has contributed to increase of mutual distrust among the provinces on the question of Water Management System in Pakistan. This paper analyses the present Water Management System in Pakistan in the context of growing conflicts over water distribution mechanism and water apportionment formulae. It has been argued that the present water apportionment practices have failed to resolve issues and controversies surrounding water distribution and management and the situation demands fresh policy initiatives to control further damage in future
Politics of Representation in Raza Rabbani’s Invisible People
Get PDFThis study focuses on the problematics of representation of the downtrodden in the Invisible People by Raza Rabbani. This research presents a case study of how when the rich and the powerful decide to represent the poor and the powerless, the endeavour may result not only in an artistic failure but may also amount to an ethical failure. Such a study is warranted as Rabbani belongs to the politicalelite of Pakistan but chooses to represent the oppressed in his collection of stories. This cross-class representative endeavor cannot be taken normatively and has to be investigated and evaluated in the context of relevant discourses. The theories of Re-Orientalism (Lau, Introducing ReOrientalism, 2014) and Huggan’s The Postcolonial Exotic have been utilized to build a theoretical framework to undertake this study. Nivedita Majumdar’s work “The Question of Exoticism in Indian Anglophone Literature” has also been utilized for deeper scrutiny of the text. The importance of the politics of representation cannot be overestimated, as the so-called representative institutions continue to operate on a non-representative basis
Importance of Institutional Arrangements in the Management of Kabul River Basin
Get PDFRiver Basin institutions or organizations are created for management of rivers on basin scale because unilateral and isolated actions regarding river infrastructure development create doubts and have adverse effects on quality, quantity and timing (availability) of water resources. Therefore, cooperation on shared water resources ensures adequate usage of water with enhanced economic opportunities. The river basin institution, create ownership in riparian countries and involve their political commitment for promoting coordination and cooperation. This plat form is used for sharing of benefits and fruitful results of water. The member states focus on issues and obstacles which hinder success prospects. The setting up of Trans boundary water management institution/organization/ commission is necessary to deal with issues between riparian countries. Hindrances include political and technical factors which riparian states should consider. Setting up of commission on Kabul River will guide and facilitate in preparing benefits sharing schemes and reaching treaties. In this article, importance of institutional arrangement in management of KabulBasin is discussed along with other allied and related aspects including some successful examples of river basins institutions/ organizations around the world
Hydropolitics and Conundrum of Transboundary Water Issues: A Case Study of South Asia
Get PDFSouth Asia is bestowed with abundant natural resources and active manpower. A wide range of glaciers in Himalayan and its consecutive ranges make one of the biggest water systems in the world. Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna and Indus basins quench the thirst of almost one-fourth of the world population living in South Asia. However, hasty and unfair boundary demarcation, power asymmetries and unfair distribution of water have triggered water insecurity in the region. This study analyses the securitization of transboundary water in South Asia. Moreover, this study considers in detail the subject of hydropolitics in the context of South Asia. The prospects of conflict and cooperation over transboundary water sharing have also been discussed. The special focushas been brought to investigate the dynamic interplay of power politics over water between India and Pakistan and its ultimate impact on the region. The results suggested that water is no longer a political issue in South Asia, rather it has now become a security issue and can pose threats to the sovereignty of states and their populace. However, the hydro hegemony of India and nuclearparity between India and Pakistan urge the South Asian states to cooperate rather than inciting war and conflicts over water issue
Terrorism, Military Operations and Counterterrorism Strategies for Pakistan
Get PDFTerrorism has been a major challenge in Pakistan for last two decades. Pakistan is a hotbed of religious extremism and the spread of terrorism due to political and economic instability, postcolonial crisis, corruption, lack of national unity and Pakistan’s partnership in War on Terror. However, it was only after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 that religious extremism and intolerance were systematically spread among the Pakistani people to help the Afghan resistance.Therefore, religious extremism, militant outfits and sectarianism increased in the 1980s and 1990s. On September 11, 2001, after AL-Qaeda's attacks on the United States, Pakistan was forced to fight against Taliban, many of the people it created and supported in Afghanistan in 1979 and onwards. Since 9/11, Pakistan has almost completely changed its policies. This change in policy was forced by the United States and made Pakistan the front line role as non NATO allay of theUnited States in the global war against terrorism. Although it is a well-known fact that no Pakistani was involved in 9/11 attacks on America. Pakistan's war on terror was formally launched in 2002 and since then it has lost about 70,000 citizens, about 8,000 security personnel and about 126.79 billion dollars (Economic Survey of Pakistan, 20017-18). Pakistan has conducted several military operations to curb the menace of terrorism and make way forward strategies. The main objective of this paper is to analysis of military operations that conducted by the Pakistan military and formulate some steps and policies to curb terrorism in Pakistan. The descriptive and analytical method of research is being used in this research paper
Public Policy and Democratic Values in Pakistan Case Study of Punjab (2008-2018)
Get PDFThis study is an endeavor to trace the role of democratic values of equity and fairness in public policies with focus on inclusive development in Punjab the largest populated province of Pakistan. Equity is one of the core values of democracy which is used to testify the relationship between state and its citizens. Inclusion of issues of certain geographical areas in policies priorities determine their status held by the ruling political party in the government. This study seeks to examine certain policies of civilian democratic government in the time period (2008-2018) for Punjab in areas of education and employment. The article aims at analyzing the criteria of equity and fair division through policy process approach
Religion and the End of History
Get PDFThis article examines the philosophy of end of history in relation to Abrahamic religions. The covenants of Prophet Muhammad, religion and the end of history are the unit of analysis and hypotheses are derived with parallel comparative and eschatological analyses on these three subjects. Prophet Muhammad’s vision of a universal state with mutual coexistence with all the children of Adam is evident from his covenants with Jews and Christians. I argue that the end ofhistory and message of Prophet Muhammad from his covenants cannot be understood if we cannot realize the story of Prophet Jesus. I demonstrate that Prophet Muhammad delivered the message of God (Allah) to establish a world where divided nations submit themselves to divine law and sovereignty of one true God. The similarities found in the study of covenants, Qur’an and TheBible, especially in relation to Prophet Muhammad’s prophecies on end of history, Prophet Jesus as true Messiah in Islam and Prophet Muhammad’s proclamation of his return before the end of history reveal findings that can set a precedent to establish common ground between Jewish, Christian and Muslim world in an age where secular humanism is the dominant ideology in global governance
Abraham Accord and its Implications: A Case Study of Bahrain
Get PDFThe research is a practical one that contributes towards the area of new developments being made in the region of Middle East such as normalization of ties between Jews and Arabs. These developments have been new which needed to be addressed and understood at grassroots. The significance of the study is to make awareness about the current shifts made in Persian Gulf which is a very important region. However, we need to see what implications might there be due to Abraham Accord specifically in Bahrain. The study aims to evaluate the peace agreement signed between four Arab states and Israel under the supervision of US. Questions like how Bahrain can turn out to be a major player towards peace process in Middle East? What causes states like Bahrain to join Abraham accord and how it would help Arab states to progress? However, qualitative research method has been adopted for carrying out the research in which non probability sampling method has been used. The idea of building good relations with Israel which today has a very powerful economy seems really attractive to most of the Arab states. These states are less concerned when it comes towards Palestinian cause as they have begun to go after their own national interests
Hybrid Learning and Teaching in Mathematics Courses Due to COVID-19
No full textThe educational strategies have changed in Pakistan due to COVID-19. This epidemic covers almost 204 countries and territories all over the world and on 11th March 2020, WHO declared this outbreak as a pandemic. Pakistan has become one of the two hundred and four countries over the world has stopped their educational activities and closed their institutions for unspecified d uration. As we know that spring semester was started in the month of January in Pakistani universities, and had covered almost half path of its journey. In this situation, HEC (Higher Education Commission) announced that universities must convert educational activities in hybrid teaching mode and start online teaching. We made a case study on the Learning Management System (LMS), Campus management System, and WhatsApp etc. Apply these tools on private sector engineering university where two hundred and fifty students enrolled in different mathematics courses. The outcome of this study shows that quick switching to the online education system was little bit difficult but successful. Though in the beginning, there were some problems for teachers and students both but overall the experience was good. Government of Pakistan will reopen the education institute in the month of September and in these days we are quite close to resume educational activities as per the regular practice. The aim of this study is to support to continue the hybrid teaching mode at tertiary level in the regular teaching practice specifically of Mathematics courses. In hybrid teaching mode, the ratio of face to face teaching is seventy percent and online tools and teaching strategies used thirty percent. This method of teaching and learning keep students connected with their teachers. Lastly, we suggest that there is still a room for betterment in LMS. The result of this study shows that students’ performance in mathematics class and exam has been improved by using different application, software and gadgets. E-learning teaching and learning method will be beneficial strategy
ON THE NEW FAMILY OF KIES BURR XII DISTRIBUTION
No full textWe propose a new lifetime model derived from the T-X generator called the new family of Kies Burr XII (NFKBXII) distribution. The NFKBXII density function is symmetrical, right-skewed, left-skewed, J, reverse-J, U and exponential shaped. The NFKBXII model failure rates can be monotone and non-monotone in shapes depending on the selection of the parameters. To show the importance of the NFKBXII distribution, we establish various mathematical properties such as random number generator, moments, density functions of record values, reliability and characterizations. We address the maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) for the NFKBXII parameters. We estimate the precision of the maximum likelihood estimators via a simulation study. We consider an application to serum-reversal times to clarify the potentiality and utility of the NFKBXII model along with NKBXII, KMBXII, KBXII, NKL, KL, MBXII, MBIII, Weibull and inverse Weibull distributions. We apply goodness of fit statistics (GOFs), various model selection criteria, and graphical tools to examine the adequacy of the NFKBXII distribution