UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
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Confidence Building Measures: Proposals and Concrets Steps
No full textThe ongoing composite dialogue between India and Pakistan manifests that enmity is giving a way to amity. Tentative positive developments generate optimism regarding the sustainability of peace process. Nonetheless, the tangible results (s) of the composite dialogue process is yet awaited. The near zero progress on the core issue-Kashmir dispute- alarms the possible reversibility of the ongoing peace process. Without resolving this puzzle, the efforts to bring peace in the region are futile. In this context, it seems imperative to sustin the process of coonfidence building measures between the belligerent neighbors
ARMAMENT AND ITS HAZARDS
No full textWorld politics is essentially and unchangeably a struggle among states for powr and position, with each competing state pursuing its own interests. In the pursuit of national interests, states either peacefully interacts with each other or they coercively threaten the other and in this regard the incompatibilities among states becomes a main cause of the clash of interests
Diversity of phytopathogenic polypores and their interaction with host plants in three biotopes in western Burkina Faso
Get PDFIn order to provide data on polypore identification and their taxonomy, survey studies were undertaken in tree biotope of polypore occurrence. The main objective of this study was to provide a scientific database on the diversity of phytopathogenic polypore and interactions with the host plants in their biotope. Transects of 1 km length covering a width of 50 m were selected at each site. Basidiomes were collected along the transects from roots, trunks and/or branches of forest species Sixty-three species of polypore were identified on twenty-three species of host plants belonging to eleven families. The families most prone to polypore infection were Fabaceae, Apocynaceae, Combretaceae, Anacardiaceae and Caesalpiniaceae. These phytopathogenic polypore were annual to perennial. They grow on roots, trunks and branches of trees and shrubs causing crown and root rots, and trunk cankers on the host plants. The genus Phellinus was the most represented in the agrosystems and in the classified forest of Kou. Similarly, the terricolous species represented by the genera Ganoderma, Amauroderma and Laetiporus were found mainly in the classified forest of Niangoloko and gallery forests of Dan.  
Children and Families Experience with Technologies in the Digital Age: The Nigeria Perspectives
Get PDFChildren between the ages of zero to eight years are at their formative stages of development and require parental attention in almost all areas of development. They require bonding and need help in attending to academic, behavioural and personality development. However, in this age of technology, it appears there is divided attention from parents to children. Studies have focused on the expectations of parents from their grown-up children in the use of technology but attention has not been directed to the perspectives of younger children on their parental use of technology and how it affects them especially in the Nigeria context. The study, therefore, assessed the experience of children on the use of technologies by Nigerian parents. Three objectives were set for the study, from which three research questions and two hypotheses were raised and formulated to guide the study. The study was premised on the theories of attachment and bonding of John Bowlby and psycho-social development of Erik Erikson. It adopted both qualitative and quantitative research design. The sample for the study comprised 200 children in Nigeria schools with 196 pupils whose responses were coherent were finally used for the study. One research instrument was used to collect data for the study namely: Interview Guide for Children (IGFC) The instrument was used to collect data from the children. Data obtained were analyzed using Simple Percentages, Bar-chart, and Chi-square respectively. The findings showed the trend of technology usage among parents and the impacts on the psycho-social milieu of children and recommendations were given to various appropriate stakeholders
Effect of Cooperative Learning on English Reading Skill at Elementary Level in the Subject of English
Get PDFCooperative learning strategies are used for developing English reading comprehension among students in classroom situation such as jigsaw, STAD and CIRC. By using strategies of cooperative learning students can comprehend ideas easily in learning process. Reading skill is important for using and understanding English language. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cooperative learning on achievement, English reading of the Grade 7th students. Total number of students were 64 in both sections who were studying in Grade 7th in Govt Girls high School Faizpure, Sheikhupura. It was a Quasi-Experimental study with a Non-equivalent control group, pre-test and post-test design. By using the procedure of tossing experimental and control groups were selected randomly. Experimental group was taught by using strategies of cooperative learning such as STAD and Jigsaw. Researcher taught the control group by using grammar translation method. Researcher put her best efforts for developing questionnaire with the help of text book and experts who confirmed validity of instrument. Data was analyzed through 21-version of SPSS, comparison of pre-test and post-test was examined to know mean score of students who were taught through cooperative learning and grammar translation method. Hence, it is concluded that STAD and Jigsaw strategies of cooperative learning has significant effect on English reading comprehension of the Grade 7th students. The findings of study and recommendations were described to improve students' reading skill by using cooperative learning techniques in English classroom
Reasons and Effects of Diversity of Education System in Pakistan at Elementary Level
Get PDFAbstract Now a days Pakistan has several types of pedagogic systems. The origin of this matter can be pursued in copious factors; from foreign interferences to political flux. Education, which functions as the spinal cord for a nation’s survival, has underwent in Pakistan at the hands of political and socio-economic organizations. The fact that the multiple systems of education are sucking the blood out of this undeveloped nation is discouraging. It serves as a blow for the country to achieve collective objectives. Currently, this problem can be said to be stimulating other issues that are evolving in our society. This diversity is leading the nation into a nasty cycle of social discrepancy and political craving. However, today it has become essential to ensure uniformity in educational sector. The government needs to devise plans to deal with this state of educational emergency and take rational actions to reduce the invalid existing among these educational systems
Ethno-National Identity in Pakistan during PostModern Era
Get PDFThis paper is an attempt to explore views of historians about the Ethno-NationalIdentity in Pakistan during Post Modern Era. Historians have assessed EthnoNational identity in the prism of nationalism; while explaining differentinclinations of any nation to express themselves; their ethnic behavior, exposureand attitude with the help of their distinctiveness; related to their own history and culture. As far as national identity is concerned, Herodotus was for the forerunner of ethnic identity. He was the one who well-defined the Greeks in positions of their ethnicity, and the rest of people as savages. A struggle will be made in this paper to disclose the role played. This paper will present an analysis of the works of Pakistani historians on the ethnic identity. In Pakistan, ethnic identity increases at the cost of its national identity, and due to such an incursion in ethnic identities, Pakistan has been even acknowledged as a country without having any identity of a nation. Thus, the paper will help to fulfill existing an important gap related to historical literature and would help to study the prevailing views about EthnoNational Identity in Pakistan during Post-Modern Era. If we deliberate the question of ethno national identity in the outline of post modernism, then there is a resolution for every problem, because every group is permissible to recollect its identity. Multiplicity is measured to be a component of appreciation
Indo-Afghanistan Relations: Challenges for Pakistan
Get PDFAfghanistan and India has been emerged as close affiliates after the IncumbentKarzai regime. She has helped Afghanistan in infrastructural development,institutionalizing capacity building, small development projects, assistance in food procurement, imparting training to Afghanistan’s students on scholarships. India has signed Strategic Partnership Agreement (SPA) with Afghanistan in the year of 2011. All the neighbouring states and Pakistan as well have vested interests and key objectives in Afghanistan and to guard their interests and retain peace in the region. Afghanistan has been victim of regional and international hegemonic designs of Super Powers. It has great importance to outreach the Central Asian Republic States (CARS). India is trying to increase its influence in Afghanistan which is very much disturbing for Pakistan as India’s growing influence in Afghanistan is the strategic loss for Pakistan. The prevalent security dilemma has increased the mistrust between India and Pakistan. The increased influence of India in Afghanistan is rankling in the strategist’s minds of Pakistan as it debilitates the psychological advantages of Pakistan over India. The stable and tranquil Afghanistan is need of the hour for Pakistan as it is a gateway to Central Asia, South Asia and Middle East. The growing relationship of India with Afghanistan is vitiating the strategic depth paradigm of Pakistan
Democracy in Imam Ali’s viewpoint
Get PDFThe word democracy has long been popularized in the political literature of our society and has been discussed and analyzed by domestic and foreign scholars, academic and cultural circles, the press and media, and various political parties and organizations. On the other hand, Considering the importance of the people's position and their views on divine religions, especially the religion of Islam, and also the unique image of Imam Ali's rule in the beautiful representation of democracy in his government, we tried to depict the important and fundamental principles of democracy from the point of view of Imam Ali1 (P.B.U.H)1 during his rule on the Muslims and their lands. In this study we try to discuss based on descriptive – analytical approach in order to reveal the main points of our issue
The Global Counter Terrorism Strategies
Get PDFCounter terrorism is an important strategy, technique and policy opted by different states to deal with all types of terrorist activities. It is a method for the solution of the existing complex issue of terrorism or an effective tool in dealing with all the possible threats of terrorist groups. There is not any single counter terrorist technique, i.e. applicable as the solution to the challenges createdby the violent and dissident organizations through the entire world. One scheme of counter terrorism, which works in one place or time, could fail in another place or time. Therefore, terrorism is far too complex for one solution to be effective in dealing with all possible threats. There are certain obvious possible responses to combat the threat of terrorism like the provision of a tight and better security system, disrupting and freezing the finances, repression andretaliation, punishment for the supporters of the terrorists, diplomatic and cooperative measures to curb and control terrorism being applied by the states and non-state actors since 9/11 to the current global environment. The countries like Britain, Canada, Germany, Pakistan, United States and the European Union adopted coercive measures of countering terrorism with strict military operations and non-military tactics. The Global counter-terrorism strategies included certainapproaches i.e. the war, crime, and disease approach of combating domestic and international terrorism. The study reveals the ratio of success and failure of counter-terrorism strategies applied by the states and non-states actors due to certain discrepancies of theory and practice in the present global politics. The authoritarian and democratic societies use the same mechanism of counter terrorism that work to defuse and defeat the domestic extremists and foreign activists of involved terrorist organizations