UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
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Issue of Democratic Accountability in the Contemporary History of Pakistan (1999-2008) Challenges and Prospects
Get PDFPolitical accountability is generally, in the context of a democratic state, related to issues, for instance, how elected representatives can be made responsible for their exercise of power and policies. The aim of this research is to establish the meaning of the phenomena of political accountability in the contemporary perspective of Pakistan. The Grounded theory as a method is used on archival data and interviewing. Political elites split off to join the spoils system of Musharraf regime in return for the accretion for power and kept themselves safe from accountability process, which was very selective, discriminatory, and politically-motivated, initiated by the Mushrraf government. Their preoccupation was with ruler ship rather than the electorate as citizens. In this classical cycle of client list politics, the government from top to the bottom was embedded in the notion of rewarding their „clients‟ rather than their principal actors of political accountability, i.e. the citizens
An Analysis of Refugee Rights and Human Security: A Case Study of Germany
Get PDFRefugees have been recognized as people who have fled from wars, conflicts and crossed international borders to seek safe havens. With the rapid rise in conflicts and displaced people, many countries have played prominent figures in trying to safeguards the rights of refugees. Germany is considered one of the most considerate and welcoming countries towards the huge inflow of refugees. It enacts as a safe harbour for refugees mostly pouring in from Syria, Iraq andAfghanistan, annually, and has its constitution catering the preservation of fundamental rights of refugees. The objective of this search was to recognize the status of refugees in Germany, analyze its role in proving human security, and then propose efficient remedies that can be implemented. It is a qualitative study, and data was collected from secondary resources, ranging from the time period 2011-2017. Also, Securitization theory was used to analyze the findings.The results of the study showed that the right to be employed, seek residence, attain education, asylum, enjoy health facilities and be granted human security are the fundamental refugee rights recognized by German while racism, language barriers, educational restraints, limited job opportunities, limited basic resources and family enact as major challenges for refugees. Moreover, the German government has faced the challenges of providing equal opportunities toall refugees, dealing with opposition pressure, catering the needs of a huge inflow of people, maintaining budget, keeping documentation, and introduced policies such as the Open Door Policy, Deportation Policy, Asylum Policy, Quota Policy, New Immigration Policy, Subsidiary Policy, and Education Integration Policy in an attempt to safeguard the rights of refugees
Bibliometric Analysis and Science Mapping of Scientific Publications of COMSATS University during 1998–2022
No full text This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis and science mapping of the publications emerging from the COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Pakistan. Bibliometrics and visualization techniques were used in this study. The data were collected from the Web of Science database with the “COMSATS University Islamabad” query in the affiliation category. A total of 26,841 documents were retrieved. VOSviewer, Biblioshiny, ScientoPy, and MS Excel software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the number of publications, particularly articles, has progressively increased. COMSATS had the most national collaborations with Quaid-e-Azam University, and China was identified as the top-ranked country for international collaborations. Furthermore, Engineering was the most attractive area for the CUI authors. This study would guide the researchers regarding important research areas while conducting, collaborating, and submitting their research in international databases.  
Effect of Sorghum bicolor mycorrhizae on development of tomato in nursery
Get PDFTomato is one of the most important vegetable crops in Burkina Faso. Nevertheless, tomato production is confronted with numerous biotic and abiotic constraints. So, it is essential to find ways of boosting its production, starting at the nursery. In nurseries, the use of mycorrhizal fungi can be an effective means of obtaining vigorous and healthy seedlings. This study was carried out with the aim of assessing the impact of endogenous mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and biomass of tomato in nursery. To do so, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), known as a hypermycotrophic plant, was used for inoculum production of mycorrhizal fungi. In addition, the effect of direct association of sorghum and tomato was studied. The results showed that the application of mycorrhizal fungi from the inoculum significantly improved the emergence, growth and leafing of tomato in the nursery during experimentation. A height of 5.75 cm was observed in mycorrhizal plants as compared to 3.23 cm for non-mycorrhizal control plants. It was also shown that adding mycorrhizal inoculum to the seeds was much more effective than the direct association in the field with the sorghum plant and tomato. The results showed that endogenous mycorrhizal fungi significantly improved the emergence, plant height, leaf formation and biomass production of tomato plants
An Analysis of the Structural Properties of Modern Emojis and their Relationship to Saussure's Theory of Language
No full textThis research paper explores the structural properties of modern Emojis and their relationship to Saussure's theory of language. Drawing on a range of linguistic and cognitive theories, we analyze the features of modern Emojis that make them unique from traditional linguistic forms such as words and sentences. We also examine the ways in which modern Emojis are processed and interpreted by the human brain, and how their meanings are determined in part by their structural properties and relationships to other signs within a system of communication. Through a cross-cultural analysis of emoji meaning and interpretation, we demonstrate the complex and nuanced nature of visual communication, and its implications for language use in the digital age. Overall, this research sheds light on the unique nature of visual communication as a form of language, and its role in shaping new forms of communication and expression in the digital age
Women Education: A Real obstacle in achieving universal primary education in Pakistan
Get PDFThis research study was aimed to explore women education is real hurdle in the attainment of universal primary education in Pakistan. This research study used data collected from National Education Policies Documents from 1947 to 2017 and statistical data from Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 and Pakistan Education Statistics 2016-17. The major finding of the study was that in almost all education policies of Pakistan, target was set for the attainment of universal primary education but no target was achieved. The study found that majority of female population is illiterate and their gross enrollment and net enrollment is considerably less than male students. It was also found that a substantive amount of school children are out of schools, majority of them were female. This trend exists in most parts of the country and in some parts the situation even worse. It is recommended that policy formulation should be based on comprehensive documentation on the impact of gender on economy and specifically on universal primary education
Analysis of Teachers’ Perspectives on Inclusion of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Get PDFThe goal of this study was to explore how teachers perceived Inclusion of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Total hundred (100) teachers which are teaching the students with ASD in special education department Punjab were chosen as a sample for this research. This is a quantitative research study and the data was gathered using a questionnaire. The information gathered was evaluated using descriptive statistical techniques. To examine the differences between participants based on gender, rural region, low and high achievers, an independent sample t-test was used for students with ASD. We can conclude from this study and the literature on the subject that teachers who have positive beliefs about including students with ASD and who have access to resources and supports for assisting students with ASD in overcoming the challenges associated with fostering inclusion in mainstream classrooms are more likely to provide meaningful learning experiences for their students.  
Agra Summit and Media Coverage: An Analysis
No full textRelations between Pakistan and India have been through many ups and downs since 1947. Amidst tensions and conflicts, there were moments of peace and parleys. The Agra Summit of 2001 was an important event in the history of the two countries, as it was a concerted effort to resolve some of the key issues through peaceful means. The meeting created a lot of hope and media frenzy. This paper is based on the coverage of the summit in the mainstream media of two countries. Through careful sampling, The Hindu from India and Dawn from Pakistan were selected to study the coverage. The newspapers were scanned for three-day coverage from July 15-17. The research shows that it was saturation coverage. The Hindu led the drive with 55 stories in three days. Dawn was not far behind it with 33 news pieces. The two papers published total 88 stories in three days, which means that around 30 stories were published per day. It also comes to average 15 news items in each newspaper in a day. The political stories were maximum in number, followed by the news related to culture, travel and food. There were also several stories about Kashmir, terrorism and security issues. The coverage was initially balanced but it slightly became partisan by the end of the summit. The attitude of media changed as it became clear that no breakthrough was possible during the two-day summit
A new record of Agaricus litoralis, a rare edible macro-fungus from Eastern Algeria
Get PDFA rare edible macro-fungus of phylum Basidiomycota belonging to the genus Agaricus (Agaricales, Agaricomycetes) was collected at the forest of Djebel el Ouahech of Constantine region in the eastern of Algeria and was identified as Agaricus litoralis using morphological and molecular Data. The species Agaricus litoralis is reported for the first time in Algeria
Pakistan’s Journey from Imbalance to Balance of Power (1947-1998)
No full textIndia and Pakistan are two nuclear-armed rivals in South Asia. Historicallythey have gone to full-fledged and small-scale wars. Power asymmetry hasbeen the main cause of war. Pakistani policy makers figured it out andlaunched strenuous struggle to achieve balance against India. Indian nucleartests of 1974 gave India sheer dominance in nuclear weapons over Pakistan.Pakistan relentlessly continued its efforts until May 1998. India’s renascenceof nuclear tests coerced Pakistan but the latter also responded in similarfashion. With the balance of power, a full-fledged war between both arch-rivalscame to an end. As both the states have acquired nuclear weapons, in case oftotal war, no state would be in a position to claim as victorious or loser.Nuclear weapons would leave both the states as losers. Next major challengefor Pakistan is to maintain balance of power otherwise, region may, onceagainst see a major clash between India and Pakistan. This paper is anattempt to answer the question, was that the imbalance of power that causedwar between India and Pakistan? This paper would also answer the questionthat how the balance of power/terror has minimized the danger of warbetween the nuclear armed rivals. Pakistan’s unceasing struggle to reachbalance against India and China’s crucial role in maintaining balance of powerin the region would also be discussed in this paper