UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
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Classes of Ordinary Differential Equations of Length Biased Exponential Distribution and their Solutions
No full textThe purpose of the work is to generate the ordinary differential equations and their solutions for the probability density function, quantile rate function, survival rate function, inverse survival rate function, haz-ard rate function and reversed hazard rate function of the Length Biased Exponential Distribution. The ordinary differential equations and their so-lutions are obtained using the Math of differentiation and integration as a tool together with their boundary conditions. The boundaries and para-meters that portrayed the distribution unavoidably decide the nature, pres-ence, uniqueness, arrangement and the various possible solutions of these ordinary differential equations are better approaches to understand these characteristics. The work will be helpful to analyze the lifetime growth or risk and is of great significance in the field of ecological studies. The method can be very useful for the other probability distributions and can serve as a substitute for the approximation study
On the Structural Properties and Some Topological Indices of Young-Fibonacci Graphs
No full textIn this paper, we study Young Fibonacci graphs Gn, a special family of graphsthat are constructed with the help of integer partitions. Young diagrams are also used in the construction of graphs. The family of graphs is rich in structure. Thus, we investigate various properties of the family of graphs which include degree based structure and topological in-dices. Topological indices like Zagreb Index, Wiener Index, Randic Index and Connective Eccentricity Index of these graphs are computed. We also study the eigenvalues and energy of the grap
Metric Based Fractional Dimension of Toeplitz Networks
No full textMetric dimension is one of the distance based graph - theoreticparameters which is widely used in the various disciplines of sciences suchas computer science, chemistry, and engineering. The local fractional metricdimension is latest derived form of metric dimension and it is used tofind the solutions of integer programming problems. In this paper, wehave computed local fractional metric dimension of different families ofToeplitz networks. It is also proved that the local fractional metric dimensionof these Toeplitz networks remain bounded when the order of thenetworks approaches to infinit
Numerical Study for Fractional-Order Magnetohydrodynamic Boundary Layer Fluid Flow Over Stretching Sheet
No full textIn this letter, the MHD boundary layer fluid flow of non-Newtonian power-law on a stretching plate in the presence of a magnetic field has been investigated. The deductive group-theoretic technique is utilized to transform the proposed mathematical problem into a non-linear ODE. The solution of the converted differential equation is studied via the quartic B-spline method and the modified Laplace decomposition method.The approximate solutions are explained through tables and illustrativegraphs for different values of the fractional order derivatives implementingthe modified Laplace decomposition technique. We have used the Caputo sense of fractional derivative in this paper. A comparison of the obtained results reveals that both techniques are effective and reliable tools for the solutions of boundary value problems in fluid flow. It is found that when the pate and the fluid move in the same direction, the velocity profile declines and then improves at the end of the trend while the velocityprofile gradually increases when the pate is stationary. The effect of thefractional order derivative on the velocity profile is another novelty of thepresent work. Furthermore, the influence of the physical parameters andthe fractional order derivative on the stream function and the velocity profileis shown via tables and illustrative graphs
The Indus Basin is indispensable: An agro- hydropower dependency of India and Pakistan
No full textThe importance of water is undeniable for the human and states’ survival. SinceWorld water level is constantly on decline, the future conflicts are most likely todevelop over the control of this dying source of life. South Asian region is one of the vulnerable region of the World due to the nuclear neighbors; India and Pakistan. There are many unresolved issues including distribution and sharing of the waters of Indus Basin comprises of six rivers; the Indus, Jehlum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej. Both these states have heavy reliance on the water of these rivers, since Pakistan is an agriculture state at the same time almost 60% of Indian society lives in rural areas and agriculture production in India has significant contribution in the total GDP of the state. Moreover, the hydropower generation in both these states is also attached to the uninterrupted flow of the water from the rivers. Thus the water of the Indus basin is indispensable reality of the South Asian politics and tussle for the control over it may lead to future conflict between the two states
Rediscovering the Discourse on Women’s Freedom: A Feminist Exploration of Bano Qudsia’s Fiction
No full textBano Qudsia is an influential and one among the most celebrated Pakistani fiction writers. She has a special significance in normalizing the established regimes of gender in the Pakistani society. She presents, in her writings, the conditions and states of women that belong to certain classes in the modern world, especially modern Pakistani society. It will be a safe assumption to consider that she along with giving a discourse in her fiction has also lived in accordance with her ideals. There has been an extensive research on Qudsia, but she has never been looked into with the perspective of gender specifically. This paper intends to highlight the perspective of Bano Qudsia on freedom of women, as described in her novel Raja Gidh. Textual analysis technique of the qualitative methodology is being used for interpretation and description of the content of the novel. Under the textual analysis, ‗Close Reading‘ and ‗Narrative Analysis‘ has been done. Life spans of three characters of the novel are thoroughly examined from a gender perspective. The writer's endorsement of the traditional patriarchal view of the society and an attempt of its universalization by incorporating the theme of biological essentialism side by side in her novel, have been analyzed in this research paper. The impact of her novel in our society, especially against the budding feminist movement has been one of the detrimental contributing factors, leaving our women bereft and at the mercy of a traditional and heartless patriarchal society
Great Power Perspective towards Afghanistan: India China Creeping Competition in the Heart of Asia
No full textAfghanistan; the Heart of Asia, being located at the cross-roads of tri-regionaljunction offers a buffer as well as a test case for the Great Powers to showcase &prove their potential. India and China both aspiring for change in their global status positioning, practicing policy of non-interference are having high-stakes inAfghanistan. Although economically engaged both have high considerations forAfghanistan. International community is looking for new stakeholders to assume more responsible role in Afghanistan, how China and India deal with such pressure and foreign policy principles will determine their power status in international system. This paper seeks to locate Afghanistan in India and China‟s domestic and foreign policy. China‟s security reason and its commercial engagement with Afghanistan and India‟s bridge to access and Connect Central Asia policy pave the way towards such understanding. Management of their mutual relation is very crucial for peace in Afghanistan as well as for the entire region
Waters War on the Cards: Unflinching Rivalry between India & Pakistan shapes New Phase of Enmity
No full textThis research aims to investigate the lurking perils of war between two nuclear ark rival countries of Pakistan & India on the issue of water. This research has explored that water is the main warfare strategical & psychological tack often used by India against Pakistan. The researcher employed qualitative methodology for the research underhand and adopted thematic analysis as research method for this study. The researcher analysed different research studies related to the issue and considered cases to the research-based statements of the individuals in power from both sides of the countries on the issue of water. The findings of the study revealed that the political individuals and uniformed personnel occupying key positions on Indian side used the threat of water as warfare tactic to achieve political gains specially to win the elections. The findings further concluded that Indian side aggressively treated Pakistani side while gratifying the hatred feelings of Indian elites converting to the feelings of masses through moulding the agenda of mass media. The findings showed that the masses on both sides of the regional countries desire sustainable global peace through consultative dialogue on tables. The study concluded with therecommendations that all issues including Indian Held Kashmir, terrorism, water crisis and other regional issues can be resolved through dialogue. The study may also open new avenues for future researchers
Philosopher King VS. Loafer King: A Critical Appraisal of Pakistan in Post 2013 General Elections to Date
No full textThis paper is going to explain how a competent and talented leader with charismatic potentials ensures the socio-political and economic development of a country. It is also mentioned that how classical philosopher-king had been different from the contemporary loafer king. Pakistan has been a victim of political instability owing to the personal jealousies of political demagogues and the dejure political elite. There has been a conventional practice of apathy regarding holding elections at the party level within the so-called political parties of Pakistan. Since the definition of political science calls for a political strive of a group of people may be having a like-minded goal known as a political party. There are only interest groups in Pakistan rather than any political party. Such interest groups hardly create Philosopher Kings but of course Loafer Kings. However, the electoral process is an essential procedure where citizens of any country are allowed to select their leaders to rule the country according to the law of the land. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the difference between the phenomenon of Plato’s Philosopher King (PK) and the contemporary world’s Loafer King (LK) that signifies the present-day leadership of the world aswell as in Pakistan. Therefore, major changes took place in Pakistan in the post-2013 General Elections. It sheds light on the complexities between the numerous political parties how they are playing cards in Pakistan to become more successful than the other. The institutions are at the helm of sorry affairs owing to the inefficiency and tunnel vision of the so-called leadership inPakistan
Nontraditional Security Diplomacy: An Ultimate Option for South Asia
No full textNontraditional security (NTS) issues like climate degradation, transnational crime, public health epidemics, terrorism - extremism, natural disasters, energy crisis, economic crisis, drugs trafficking, illegal migration, cybercrimes, maritime piracy, money laundering, and nuclear proliferation, have opened a new debate in international security and international relations. These issues are diverse andinterconnected which cannot be tackled by any single entity, government,organization, and strategy. Due to disagreement and traditional hostility South Asian countries have become the hub of such NTS issues. Their diplomatic relations on NTS issues may open new options for regional integrity and stability. In this regard, this study proposes a new diplomatic approach to “Nontraditional Security Diplomacy.” It demonstrates that how NTS issues become the element of diplomatic schema and on priority basis get a positive altitude. It also clarifies the connection between traditional and nontraditional security within South Asian regions, and evaluates the ways in which regional countries may collaborate on NTS issues. This study also argues that positive security can be a potential variable for NTS diplomacy to discourage negative security in the region and becomes a useful option to develop peaceful and durable diplomatic relations within regional states