UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
Not a member yet
2915 research outputs found
Sort by
Asian Space Race is Rhetoric or Reality: Implication for South Asia
No full textSouth Asian region is now facing a new star because Space is an advantageousfrontier for military uses. Space technology has two aspects on the name of security such as Militarization and Weaponization. These terms cannot properly differentiate the difference between security and threat for space. All current and previous super powers are working on space for more than five decades in the name of technology and security. Now these super powers are going to make grouping on space for getting hegemony not only on earth but also in space. As a result, the challenges in space have triggered and magnified the security dilemma for the South Asian rivals, interconnecting China, India, and Pakistan in the context of an international security complex. Indian foreign policy for other regional countries and applying strategy of Kautilya to defeat their enemy by using name of South Asian Satellite is new wave of race
Issues and Conflicts in Balochistan: Implications for Pakistan
No full textStrategically situated Balochistan, its immense assets and exceptionallyinconceivable area have expanded its importance in the world. The external forcesare appreciating its most easily open corridor to the huge resources of CentralAsian States. From the 1947, the misunderstanding rose among the Pakistanigovernment and Baloch individuals. Pakistan interplanetary toward Balochistanhas exacerbated the condition in region especially with respect to the financial and social advantages of Baloch individuals which brought about blood insurgence in the part. In the use of its huge resources for the revenue of Pakistan and especially the Balochi peoples, insurgency has been the crucial difficulty. The brokenness of the election based procedure and interventions by the army especially in military governments has motivated the grievances of Baloch societies. In this article, we present the history of Baloch conflicts and other major issues of Balochistan and also draw some implications for the Pakistan
Identity Crisis and Rights in Trouble: Transgenders in Islamic Republic of Pakistan
No full textTransgenders have been facing grim situations since ages and in Pakistan since its inception. They have been murdered, raped, sexually abused, physically victimized, and discriminated in all fields of life. In wake of their grievances Supreme Court of Pakistan has laid down a milestone whereby they are recognised as subduct of human rights and allowed them to be a part of mainstream of society. However, atinstitutional level in Pakistan, whether it relates to education, health, or any otherdomain, it needs severe scrutiny for the implementation of the rights given totransgenders. Moreover, society as a whole, needs a big transition and drastic change of behaviours to be receptive and inclusive, so that the complexes faced bythe transgenders through centuries be redressed and cured
Role of Military as the Guardian of Democracy in Pakistan
No full textThis article investigates the role of military in the politics of Pakistan. Theresearcher highlights how our politicians have always been unable to developa political culture on democratic parameters in the country. Side by side themasses start lacking trust in the politicians and political setup for theirauthoritarian attitude and inheritor leadership. Our political parties, no doubt,have good shows in the case of local leaders but unluckily they have beenlethargic in giving birth to the leaders of national and international caliber. Thisfactor creates gaps for military to enter politics and stay there under the verydoctrine of ‘necessity’. Since the very early days of our emergence on theglobe of the world, there has been a misconception that military may align allthe disorders and civil institutions are not allowed to promote but in factmilitary did some better than these politicians. The research is based on theanalysis of the authentic material in the form of literature in comparativepolitics, institutional theory, as well as civil military relations and political sectorreforms. Through the conceptualization of the data, the researchers havedeveloped thier stance that if our politicians learn to make decisions wiselylike those of India, the results would be far better and healthier as both statesgot independence on the same turn of the history
Spanish “Politically Correct” Movement: Reasons for Failure
No full textThe controversy about sexism in the Spanish language is not a new phenomenon. However, in 2010 it generated a "politically correct" movement propelled by a few political parties by which various non-academic institutionshad created guidelines for a "non-sexist" Spanish language and several universities joined in this enterprise. Most non-sexist proposals included splitsin order to include both genders and other initiatives in order to cancel, reduceor perhaps counteract those "sexist" language elements. Ignacio Bosque fromthe Royal Academy of Spanish Language’s analysis, published in El País on 4 March of 2012, supported by more than eight hundred Spanish linguists, countered this movement and to date it has not been refuted from a linguisticpoint of view. In this study, the effort, as well as Ignacio Bosque’s document will be analyzed from a logical as well as from a linguistic point of view. The reasons for the failure of the movement will be stated as well
Prospects of Pakistan-Central Asia Economic Relations
No full textThe newly independent states of Central Asia have very strong cultural, religious and economic relations with South Asian Countries, especially with Pakistan, India and Afghanistan. Although these states are very rich in natural as well as human resources states are not rich economically. The main reason of their unsatisfactory economic conditions is their geographical situation. All the Central Asian States are land-locked and they do not have opportunity and access to outer world to develop their economy by utilizing resources. Pakistan, on the other hand enjoys the best geographical location having thousands of miles coastal area and well developed coasts. She can provide shortest route to Central Asia through Afghanistan. If both the regions join hands and develop their economic relations they can overcome their economic crisis with the help of each other
Pakistan’s Crisis Management: Examining Proactive and Reactive Strategies
No full textPakistan is a unique case by itself, which is facing number of crises at a time. Pakistan has witnessed many disasters and crises in recent years like earthquakes in 2005 and 2013, floods in 2007, 2010, 2011 and in 2012, energy crisis and security crisis from internal and external sources etc. These earthquakes and devastating floods threaten the lives of millions and created the crisis of displacement of people within Pakistan. Government of Pakistan has responded to these by committing effort and resources to crisis prevention and recovery initiatives. Government has made Earthquake Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Authority (ERRA), National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), National Institute for Disaster Management (NIDM) and Planning Commission. Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA), it operates under the provincial Disaster Management Commission. Another District Disaster Management Unit (DDMU) was made to coordinate or implement the policies to grass root level of each province. This research would focus on Pakistan’s disaster (earthquakes and floods) management and to explore the opportunities for growth. Amazingly, government of Pakistan still struggling to put plans in place in anticipation of a catastrophe. Disaster handling plans did not meet the requirements when timing and initial response matter as much, the institutions which are made for the management did not work and did not carry out theirresponsibility. These disasters led a situation of crisis again and again in Pakistan. History of Pakistan shows that the government is not effectively integrating crisis management into policy making and planning. Government of Pakistan claim that it has made proactive strategies to cope with crisis situation but practically these strategies are not working when need to work. To confront the crises effectively, it is essential to strengthen the civilian government’s capacity to plan for and to cope with crises
Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Internal Challenges
No full textSince the post Cold War period, Pakistan has been in the face of diverse challenges. No doubt, the relative stability and predictability of that era has disappeared and a large number of regional and global alignments have lost significance as well. Old ties and linkages are under stress and almost every state is now reviewing the parameters of its foreign policy. Hence the post Cold War era can be described as New World Order or New World Disorder, as the security of small states has become more challenging than ever before. It has been dilemma of Pakistan that whenever in history, the dictators ruled the country, it was the US administration which found itself easy as the democratic governments relatively prefer to build up relations on mutual basis. From the last few years, the foreign policy of Pakistan has been directionless and to some extent, it has remained reactive too. The country is being run without any national security policy in face of many imposing challenges. The paper will discuss what challenges Pakistan is to face on the foreign policy front without going into details on onedimensional focus on political aspects of country’s foreign relations. It will analyze what issues should be taken up asurgent and important as far as the current challenges of the country are concerned
Parliament in Pakistan 1971-77 and Chief Executive: An Analysis of Institutional Autonomy
No full textThis paper intends to compare autonomy of the parliament and the executive which are two major political institutions of Pakistan during 1971 to 1977. The impact of executive, as chief executive and as the main ruler of the country, over the parliament has been studied in respect of whether it hindered the process that might make parliament a stronger institution. The paper also examines whether it was only the executive that would make such decisions which were in fact the jurisdiction of the parliament. The growth of parliament in the wake of such impact of the strong executive has been studied. Thus the executive’s influence over the parliament and vice versa has been evaluated
Impact of New Media on Dynamics of Pakistan Politics
No full textInformation technology has tremendously facilitated the communication phenomenon and mass media have emerged as pervasive and encompassing tools of politics. New media has initiated the process of democratization of information and has empowered the audience to be producers and consumers ofinformation at the same time. Peters (2009, p.18) describes new media ‘as emerging communication and information technologies undergoing a historical process of contestation, negotiation and institutionalization.’ The Arab spring uprising initiated by the new media has grabbed the attention of scholars and researchers worldwide. Literature review suggests a positive relationship between usage of new media and political mobilization in the developed world. However, there is a need to conduct studies about the diffusion patterns, usage and impact of new media in the developing countries. This study aims to explore the usage patterns of new media by political parties of Pakistan and its impact on the dynamics of Pakistan politics. The study partially focuses to explain thepolitical content usage patterns of the University students on the basis of rural and urban population by selecting equal students from hostels and day scholars. The study suggests a quick adoption of facebook by rural respondents residing in hostels. The data indicates that facebook is the most popular social networking site among youth for the dispersion of political information as compared to other tools of new media including twitter, my space, blogs, and email etc. The respondents indicate the use of cell phones for political mobilization by Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI). The study establishes a positive correlation between political mobilization and new media usage among educated youth. Keeping in view the overall literacy rate, internet penetration, recurrent load-shedding, and other peculiar socio-economic factors, the study suggests that the impact ofnew media in the political domain is limited as compared to the general perceptions