UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
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Reputation Management on Social Media: Analysis of Audience Feedback on Posts and Tweets of Pakistani MNAs
No full textThese days, the political leaders have started relying on digital media more thantraditional media to reach their audience therefore making social media a veryimportant tool in political communication. The interactive landscape of digital media makes it essentially handy for the political leaders to approach their voters, strengthen or create their goodwill and image, as well as manage their repute. For the said purpose, the political leaders focus more on how to change the methods through which they can reach and connect with the public. Many experts also believe that reputation is very crucial in political scenario in comparison to any other industry. It is significant to state that good repute does not mean, more visibility on social media but one has to be more trustworthy and credible among all others. The primary objective of this study is to find out that what kind of repute MNAs of Pakistan have among the public on Facebook and Twitter, this research is also focused to explore that how credible MNAs are considered by the audience and what type of response public is giving on their posts and tweets? The scholarship is also premeditated to examine that which medium either Facebook or Twitter gets more supportive comments from the audience for the political leaders
Rise of Extremism and Growing Threats of Transnational Terrorism
No full textExtremism, though not a new phenomenon, has undergone complete metamorphosis in the South Asian context. While in Sri Lanka, the discriminatory policy of ruling Sinhalese towards Tamil minority was reason of latter‟s taking up arms to assert their identity, India is inflicting war on the assertive Kashmiris who are struggling for the recognition of their right of self-determination. At the same time, the ultra-right government of the BJP is encouraging religious extremism. With his baggage of Gujarat pogrom, Prime Minister Modi is treading a dangerous path of fanning Hindu nationalism. Afghanistan was subjected to the communist elements under the BabrakKarmal regime which had the backing of the Soviet Union and the traditional Afghan society was not receptive to the foreign ideology. People stood up against the direct Soviet intervention which they took as heretic. They were supported in their armed struggle by the US and Pakistan. As Soviets withdrew ignominiously from Afghanistan, the warlords went into civil war to assert themselves which created a vacuum filled by the Taliban. The US attacked Afghanistan to remove Taliban who were thought to have be harbouring the perpetrators of September 11, 2001 attack. The Kabul government however couldn‟t win the confidence of the people and Taliban resurgence has cost the country dearly with ramifications for Pakistan. The element of extremism and violence was introduced in Pakistan was in Afghanistan after the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan in 1979 and got different and colossal dimensions post September 11, 2001 tragedy. In Pakistan, the Tehrik i Taliban Pakistan were formed after the Lal Masjid operation. There is hardly any parallel in history to match the devastating terrorist rampages costing huge loss of life and property. Unfortunately, the neighbouring India is fishing in the troubled waters to achieve some petty gains. While Afghanistan has its own circumstances and hence its responses to end the imbroglio, Pakistan has a long way to go end the menace of extremism as well as terrorism, of course in conjunction with Afghanistan, without which peace cannot return to the region
Hydro Politics: A Conflict between Pakistan and India
No full textWater is an important component of human life. The wider use of water plays a major role for the development of economy and survivability of state. At present there is water shortage in quantity and quality all over the world. Pakistan and India share borders as well as Indus River. India uses water as upper riparian which surely affects the supply of water to lower riparian, Pakistan. Pakistan as an agricultural state fully depends upon water for the growth of economy. The Indus Water Treaty of 1960 provides more rights to India and her full control in access of Eastern Rivers and countering of Pakistan’s water rights and growing water scarcity have led to an intense debate and concerns of hydro politics in South Asia. In South Asian region, India and Pakistan who have already complex relations, the hydro politics further worsed the situation due to limited fresh water supply. This research would analyzethe mismanagement of water resources which existed within Pakistan and also analyzed the construction of Dams on Eastern Rivers by India as threatening for her. India’s construction of water saving dams and hydropower plants on rivers Chenab and Jhehlum is alarming for Pakistan and creates conflicting situation between them. These water storage reservoirs are violation of Indus Water Treaty but India rejectedall allegations put by Pakistan. Pakistan has many apprehensions over India’s right to build these reservoirs. Pakistan herself is not successful in building up Kala-Bagh and Bhasha dams that is a serious concern for water scarcity within Pakistan. Climate change in Himalayas and Indian Ocean is an important issue to be discussed between them as Indus Water Treaty is unable to answer the question of climate change and its repercussions. The annual water flow in Indus is reducing. Water management policies and co-operation mechanism is required between Pakistan and India at this time when water scarcity is capturing the attention in South Asia
An Enigma of Pak-Afghan Border Security
No full textThe conundrum of Pak-Afghan border security is not new. It‟s among thosecontentious issues that became an impediment in the governance of both states. In recent times, this issue has emerged yet again, but there is no substantial stratagem embedded to deal with complex security border management. This lack of border management, especially on the status of international recognition of the Durand line, is rejected by the successive governments of Afghanistan, has created a power vacuum which is again a security predicament of governance for both states. Previously, Pakistan proposed border security arrangements which were rejected by Afghanistan. Moreover, Pakistan was blamed for harboring militancy, cross border terrorism, drugs and trafficking in Afghanistan. In order to address the allegations from the Afghan government and to secure the border from insurgency directly harming Pakistan‟s internal security paradigm, Pakistan‟s military has suggested and constructing a border fencing mechanism which is the most pertinent arrangement to bar further border security issues. This paper would analyze the reservations over theconstructions of fencing across the Pak-Afghan border from the Afghanistan‟sgovernment and security agencies, while it has been a consistent demand from their side for Pakistan to provide with a border security mechanism. Any indiscretion over border management would cost Pakistan at the highest stake, because as being the immediate neighbor, this security management fallout would have a spill over impact on Pakistan
Democratic Peace in South Asia
No full textFirst of all, it may be pointed out that most of the states of South Asia have some kind of democratic form of government, whether it is a constitutional monarchy, as in the case of Bhutan and Nepal, or a semi-independent regime, as in the case of Afghanistan. Hence we have to focus on Peace in South Asia and don’t have to dilate on dictatorship vis-à-vis democracy or something. Almost all states of South Asia have internal conflicts. Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Pakistan and India have all suffered from internal conflicts but the latest entrant in the group i.e. Afghanistan, has suffered the worst - a serious civil war like situation as well as foreign troops. The internal conflicts in these states may or may not have linkages with potential or actual conflicts amongst the states of the region. By and large, all states of the region still have more or less peaceful relations with other states of the region, though relationship between Sri Lanka and India, during the Tamil separatist movement in northern Sri Lanka, came under severe strain and water dispute as well as refugee issue have caused tension between India and Bangladesh. The only exception is India and Pakistan, the two largest countries in the region, which have actually gone to war with each other three times and hostility between the two of them largely prevents South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) frombecoming effective. Hence when talking of establishing Peace in South Asia, we have to primarily deal with the hostility between these two countries
A Critical Analysis of Fundamental Rights Under the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973
No full textIn general sense the right is considered that source by using that a person is being entitled for all obligation intended to other persons as per the approved limitation of law. The legal right after its recognition takes power for its enforceability from the Constitution. Therefore, in order to alter a legal right, it needs amendments in the Constitution by legislature. The philosophy of human rights is as old as the establishment of mankind. The right to life is considered as the most important and basic human right and is the foundation of all other rights guaranteed by the Constitution. However, where there is right there is always some obligation to enjoy that right. The right of equality demands that all the people have same rights and self-respect as they are born as free and entitle for equal protection as per the Constitution without any discrimination. Generally, human rights are deliberated as a matter of right other than special favor and privilege and must be accepted with full regard not being constrained to the territorial limitations. Therefore, the focus of this study is to critically analyze the most important fundamental rights and how seriously the judiciary of Pakistan perceives these rights in the context of Constitution of Pakistan, 1973. The study may provide an opportunity to build a bridge between the judiciary and the executive for the proper implementation of fundamental rights in Pakistan
China’s Economic Diplomacy in South Asia: Emerging Dynamics and Regional Implications
No full textChina is assertively developing its relations with South Asian states. Constructions of huge projects and massive economic investments demonstrate China’s intentions for long term presence in the region. Apart from seeking lucrative trade opportunities, the regional seaport facilities initiated by China primarily for economic purposes have also been brought secure and easy access of China into Indian Ocean via South Asia region. Interestingly most of these regional projects are being financed by Chinese state owned enterprises which seem to be a reflection of China’s global intentions of dramatic economic expansion in different regions. However, China’s true concerns in South Asia can possibly be explored only by identifying the dynamics of its economic integrations with regional states. Certainly it would assist further to anticipate about regional implications escalating by China’s regional integrations. That is the foremost purpose of this study to understand the dynamics of China’s economic diplomacy in South Asia and identifying its possible implications for the region
Pakistani Leaders’ Response to the Challenge of Power Politics by Bengali Separatism
No full textOne of the important facet of Bengali separatist movement since its origin in 1948 was Bengalis‟ struggle to share political power. The power politics of Bengalis was one of the challenges for the leadership of Pakistan in terms of separatist movement that succeeded in 1971. This paper examines the political strategies and tactics of Pakistani leaders, which they adopted in response to those of Bengali politicians. The power sharing of Bengalis, popularity of powerful Pakistani elite and their focus on the political power and not the security of Pakistan in face of Bengali separatism have been analysed in this research paper. The documents and secondary books are major sources of research
Crises of Democracy in Pakistan
No full textEvents in Pakistan after independence, examined by the author have different perceptions and references. One of them is the crisis of institutions within state to actualize the democratic problems. The purpose to write this research paper is to examine those forces who served major obstacles to undermine the democratization process in Pakistan. Although Pakistan has mixed feelings regarding democracy yet impacts are still to be researched. This research paper is an attempt to introduce a reasonable brief acquaintance with the history of Pakistan in terms of institutionalization process in Pakistan under the militaryand civilian regimes. In Pakistan the understanding towards institutionalization is at undermine level. Institutionalization process is a process which has dire need of understanding of norms and values of a subjected society. From 1947 to 1971 little bit importance had been given to democratic process but in post 1971 Era the institutions has been framed to promote the process of democracy. It has the clear thinking that Pakistan has self-centered political framework which denied the role of institutions
Governance System of Pakistan: Continuation of Colonial Policies
No full textThis paper attempts to explain why Hospital Autonomy (HA) Reforms in Pakistan could not succeed in achieving its stated objectives. Use of sense making technique is employed which consists of frame, cue and relationship. Frame of the reforms is developed using constructs like governance system of Pakistan,its connection to the past, legacy of bureaucracy, accountability traditions and the status of rule of law in Pakistan. The study shows that the current structure is strongly influenced by its colonial heritage, with most of the ingredients of the governance system persisting till today. The HA reforms, imposed by IFIs,were likely to challenge the unchallenged position of bureaucracy in the context of Pakistan. Though initially it dented the coveted position of bureaucracy, but later the bureaucracy was able to bounce back and reclaim the lost territory. These reforms hurt the public badly as user charges were increased and subsidies disappeared