UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
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Conflict Prevention and the New Provincial Map of Pakistan: A Case Study of Hazara Province
No full textThis article will examine in detail how conflicts can be prevented in the new provincial set-up of Pakistan. There exists a potential threat of the outbreak of conflict between different ethnic and lingual groups if new provinces are created without taking into account the interests of major stakeholders and the concerns ofminority-majority ethnic and lingual groups. The case study of Hazara by focusing on the movement for a separate province will look into the dynamics of conflict formation and prevention in that region of Pakistan
Indian Ocean: Global and Regional Strategies
No full textThe term Indian Ocean States is applied to both coastal and landlocked states. In the connection total 51states are remained under discussion in the Indian Ocean strategies. Their issues and problems are diverse. These issues havemade the India Ocean an area of conflict. The wealth and the resources of the Indian Oceans have significantly involved the extra regional actors in the ocean. The present study focuses that this involvement of extra regional actors and the competition between the regional powers has shaped the policies and designs of global political settings regarding Indian Ocean. The study concludes that, Politics and strategies are an ongoing phenomena but the reality is that Indian Ocean is having the name of the India but is not totally in Indian control and custody. In this world of power and competition things and patterns keep on changing hence the command of Oceans. The changing power pattern round the globe is affecting the politics of Indian Oceans
Institution of Parliament in Pakistan: Evolution and Building Process (1947-1970)
No full textThe paper aims to highlight the process in which the institution of parliament evolved in Pakistan. The paper will mark various developments in regard to the building of parliament. Moreover the formation and structure of the parliament as well as the distribution of the seats according to various criteria would also beexamined. How the parliament did affect the political system in the form of legislation and how parliament helped in generating the governmental and political leadership of the country will also be clarified. The historical method has been used to trace out different facts and to prove assumptions. The paper will enhance the understanding and interest in the studies of the parliament as an institution in modern statecraft. The historical books, documents and the articles from the journals have been consulted in bringing out the solutions
Seventh Wage Board Award: A Triangular Conflict between Government, Media Owners and Journalists in Pakistan
No full textA great majority of the Pakistani Journalists are living in a miserable condition receiving low salaries and no facilities. The Seventh Wage Board Award was a ray of hope for them, when it was announced. This is a hot issue of today’s Pakistani Journalism. It was announced in 2001 by a Wage Board constituted by the Government of Pakistan under Newspapers’ Employees’ Act 1973. Even after a period of ten years, it has not been implemented by the media organization till the end of 2011. The journalists welcomed this award because a reasonable increase in their salaries was recommended in this award. On the other side, the newspaper owners totally rejected this award labeling it as an unaffordableburden on the economy of media organizations. They filed a petition to the Supreme Court of Pakistan against this award in June 2002 which was rejected by the Supreme Court in April 2004. The government is favoring the journalist community regarding implementation of this award. In reaction to this, the newspaper owners launched a huge advertising campaign against Seventh Wage Board Award and strongly criticized the government including President, Prime Minister and Information Minister. Now the government has become a sandwich between Media owners and working journalists. This paper attempts to investigate the viewpoints and arguments of journalists, media owners and the role of government in this regard and also suggests some solution to resolve the issue. The Seventh Wage Board Award is an issue which has grea
The Role of Light Weapons in creating internal instability: Case study of Pakistan
No full textEasy availability and free flow of light weapons threaten national peace and stability in any country. The proliferation of SALW in recent years is growingly being recognized as a principle element behind regional and national instability in various parts of the world. The conflicts in the South Asian region are no exception as the supply of illegal arms fuels and intensify them. This situation has proved to be catastrophic in Pakistan and has adversely affected its socio-economic fabric. As the title indicates, this paper is an attempt to analyse the role of SALW in creating internal instability in Pakistan. The paper discusses the various dimensions of the issue, e.g., the situation of human (in-) security, state of instability, the major factors relating to the overall situation, local production and supply of arms, Afghan jihad, various de-weaponisation campaigns and policy issues. The discussion reflects the gravity of the situation and suggests some measures for its improvement
The Wakhi Community Settlements in Northern Pakistan
No full textPakistan is an area with unique ethnic diversity, specifically on the basis of language. This present study focuses on the Wakhi identity. Wakhi still exists as a non-written language. The present Wakhi settlers have come to Chitral at various times. Under British rule the Wakhi immigrants settled in different parts of Chitral and now their majority lies in Gojal tehsil of Hunza of Gilgit – Baltistan. This community enjoys unique cultural heritage and enjoy distinct features, which are seen all over the world with keen interest
Pakistan’s Press and Politics in the First Decade (1947-58): An Analysis in Structural-Functionalist Perspective
No full textThis paper attempts to analyze the relations between the press and the governments in Pakistan in the first decade after independence in 1947. The press that faced the toughest of the times in the sub-continent before the partition had to encounter difficult situations of new kind afterward. How did the press react to the repressive actions of the rapidly changing governments in the first decade? And what were the reasons for taking actions against the press in the governments‟ view? These and many other significant aspects have been undertaken in the preceding lines. Similarly, economy of the country and its effects on the functioning of the press has also been studied with the presumption that an economically weak press is feebler to the actions of the government as compared to the stronger one. How did the press survive and what measures it took for its viability have also been examined in the paper. The society and its role in protecting the press as a social institution have also been focused. Some of the dramatic changes in the societal behaviour have been observed and studied. Besides, what difficulties and problems the press faced in the first decade, which hindered its institutional development process, are analyzed and summarised
Voting behaviour in rural and urban areas of Punjab
No full textThe study of voting behavior of the rural and urban voters is the main objective of this paper. Ideological and biradari (clan, tribe) based considerations of voters are discussed in this case. Biradarism (casteism, tribalism) is the main component of this behavior. It has a very deep impact on political alignments of the people of Punjab. This factor gained more importance in the era of non-political governments. Non- party elections at the national and local level and weak political ideology further strengthened it. Elections of local bodies played their role to increase this trend also. The over all effects of these factors onthe output of political process in the Punjab province have been analyzed. A historical, analytical and behavioral approach has been adopted. Another object of this paper is to analyze the power of cultural elements in politics for the reason that it takes one beyond the traditional range of political theory and practice in its past and present appearance. Such a study can provide a preliminary base to extend the boundaries of comparative politics and political behavior and some detail on the role of tradition in politics. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part is related to the meaning and role of biradari, thesecond is the division of the urban and rural areas and the last one is connected to political parties and religious groups playing a role in electoral behavior
East Pakistan Crisis in the Light of International Law
No full textThe tragedy of dismemberment of Pakistan in 1971, was a plot in which no single actor could complain of having been provided a smaller role. Might it be the shortsightedness of the leadership of Pakistan, or the diehard commitment of the Bengalis, the bite of the bitter enemy or the impotency of international law, the wrath of an annoyed super power or the betrayal of another super power, the misperceptions of the comity of nations or the simply unfortunate turn of events, the contribution to the end of secession came from each of this forces in full. The event has been studied and analyzed by many learned scholars in all the aspects, However, the studies, more or less, have been of an eclectic andcomprehensive nature and solitary aspects have not been dealt in isolation. The present study seeks to focus on an appraisal of the Indian intervention in the crisis with reference to the international law
An Overview Of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy (1971 to 2003)
No full textThere exists a relationship between the foreign policy of every country and between two specific factors; the geo-strategic context (regional and global), within which a country is located and the domestic compulsions of a country including governance issues, economic constraints, actors role and some other inputs that exist. One of the most significant relationships within the environment is the interaction between domestic and foreign affairs. Differentiation of nations according to level of economic development has been cited as having a bearing on the relationship between domestic and foreign conflict. Foreign policies are shaped by the internal needs of a state or are the projection of internal policies