UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
Not a member yet
2915 research outputs found
Sort by
Effective School Supervision: Challenges and Prospects for Educational Supervision in Secondary Schools
Get PDFThe process of supervision is complex and it permeates the whole structure of the school system. Effective school supervision provides relevant and continuous support and encouragement to teachers’ instructional practices. Effective supervision of instruction is essential because it will enable teachers to be dynamic, knowledgeable and up-to-date in the teaching profession. Based on the aforementioned claims, proper and effective strict supervision in our contemporary secondary schools will foster dynamism and regular exchanges among intellectuals. This paper investigates the purpose of school supervision, challenges associated with educational supervision and prospects for educational supervision in secondary schools. The supervision of instruction is by design a developmental process with the main purpose of improving the instructional programs and to improve teaching and learning. The supervisory responsibility and monitoring teachers’ instructional work will promote tremendous influence on school activities and help ensure the benefits of a strong program of instruction for students. It was concluded that efforts must be geared toward overcoming most of the challenges facing instructional supervision and transformative agenda to improve the quality of learning in secondary schools
Resilience, Self Esteem and Locus of Control among Adolescents of Lahore Pakistan
Get PDFDuring adolescence identity variables including self-esteem and internal locus of control go through many changes and these changes cannot be coped without effective resilience. The aim of the study was to to find the relationship between self-esteem, resilience and locus of control among adolescents. It was hypothesized that there is a significant relationship between self-esteem, resilience, locus of control and certain demographic characteristics (birth order, age of Parents and fathers’ income) among adolescents. It was also hypothesized that self-esteem, resilience and locus of control varies according to family system, education of parents and profession of parents. Survey was conducted on cross section of population and 400 female students; aged 16-20 years were selected through simple random sampling technique for this purpose. Pearson product coefficient correlation and One-way ANOVA was conducted to obtain the results of present study. Results showed strongest positive correlation between resilience and internal locus of control and the strongest negative correlation between self-esteem and external locus of control of adolescents. A strong positive correlation was also found between fathers’ age and self-esteem and a strong negative correlation between number of siblings and internal locus of control. Self-esteem, resilience and locus of control varied according to family system, education of parents and profession of parents
حوزے ساراماگو كی علامت نگاری
No full textJosé Saramago is one of the most important international writers of the last hundred years,born in Portugal in 1922.He was in his sixties when he came to prominence as a writer with the publication of Baltasar and Blimunda. A huge body of work followed, translated into more than forty languages, and in 1998 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.In this article, we have discussed the system of symbols in José Saramago’ snovel Blindness. This novel was published in 1995, but it was translated into Urdu by Ahmad Mushtaq in 2011. The characters in the novel do not have specific names, which has increased the element of symbolism.In this novel, two basic human instincts, hunger and sex, are examined by symbols.Saramago died in June 2010
Human Needs Theory: A Significant Approach to Manage Ethnic Conflicts in Pakistan
No full textEthnic conflicts constitute a major source of violence in most of the developingcountries of the world. Ethnicity has been the most crucial concept of themodern world. Pakistan being no exception suffers from ethnic conflicts. Theethnic groups have been existing almost in every part of the world andethnicity itself is not the cause of conflicts. In reality the states are pluralsocieties with many national, sub-national, religious, professional, racial,linguistic and geographic identities. The apparent and pre-dominant cause ofconflict among ethnic identities is politico-economic imbalance. For example,the monopolization of power by West Pakistan before 1971 disintegratedPakistan and lead to the creation of Bangladesh. Ethnic identities come intoconflict when their grievances are not addressed properly by the politicalsystem. According to various analysts human beings have certain basic anduniversal needs such as: identity, security, autonomy, recognition, creativity,self-esteem, a sense of affiliation and belongingness. These needs are veryimportant for the growth of an individual and a society. Denial of these needswill become a major reason of violent behavior among individuals. It isessential to avoid violent behavior among individuals that political system hasability to identify those needs which are becoming source of tension andinitiate various strategies to accommodate those needs. In this paperresearcher will examine different aspects of Human Needs Theory and brieflydiscuss the root causes of ethnic conflicts and delineate various possibleoptions to resolve ethnic conflicts in Pakistan with special reference of HumanNeeds Theory
National Integration of Pakistan: An Assessment of Political Leadership of Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
No full textPakistan, during its first quarter, was in direct threat to disintegration. A Separatist Movement in eastern wing of Pakistan was in progress that ultimately ended with the bifurcation of Pakistan. There were very few leaders in Pakistan during the early phases of the secessionist movement who could foresee the danger to the integration of Pakistan and fewer of them had the capacity to appease that movement as well as belonged to the eastern wing. Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy was only one of the most prominent of such type. This paper is appraisal of his leadership capacities in curbing the disintegration of Pakistan. His awareness of the challenge of disintegration, his loyalty with the state of Pakistan, his position in the minds of Bengalis that could convince them to remain with Pakistan, his efforts for establishing the links between two wings, and obstacles in his way have been reviewed. It has also been examined how his rivals in politics wasted his utility for the integration of Pakistan
Seed-borne mycoflora of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and their impact on seed germination
Get PDFThe incidence and frequency of fungi on safflower seed with their role in seed germination was investigated. Three samples each of five safflower cultivars/lines were collected from National Oil Development Programme (NODP), NARC Islamabad. Eleven different fungal species belonging to seven genera i.e., Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Curvularia, Fusarium, Helminthosporium and Rhizopus were observed. The incidence and frequency of these fungi varied with cultivar and lines with maximum fungal prevalence in Thori-78 (7.7) and minimum in Dholka Sindh (5.4). Maximum germination was noticed on Dholka Sindh (85%) with least fungal incidence (23%) and minimum seed germination was observed on Thori-78 (60%) with higher fungal incidence (55%)
Politics of Islamic Shariah in the Contemporary Muslim World
No full textIslam around the globe is considered as the world’s second-largest religionand conservative’s Muslim desire Sharia (Islamic jurisprudence) laws, which isa contested and highly controversial concept. The idea holds variety ofinterpretative power but still beyond the implementation within Muslimcountries. Sharia perceived to be moral and spiritual notion, have no legalmechanism and can lead to socio-cultural disequilibrium. The focus of thispaper is to evaluate the fragmented nature and conceived scope of Sharia in amodern democratic age and assess the compatibility of Sharia with thedevelopments of human rights and women empowerment. It differssignificantly from its moderate opponents therefore it cannot be part of thepresent pluralistic legal systems. It is clear that the contemporary Muslimworld is backward in numerous significant areas including the science,technology and economic development. Thus, there is indeed a need ofradical reforms for Muslim societies and they must revitalize Islamic laws andhuman values. In short, Muslims scholars and intellectuals have to codifySharia according to the contemporary circumstances because without that thesurvival, growth and development of Muslims will be difficult in the highlytechnologically advanced world
Herman and Chomsky’s Propaganda Model: Its Application on Electronic Media and Journalists in Pakistan
No full textThe political economy of media not only looks into power from ownershipperspective but also explain news in top-down decision-making order. Thispaper is based on the application of Herman and Chomsky’s (1988)propaganda model to explain the privatization of media sector in Pakistan andthe relationship of this unprecedented change to secondary and ground levelsinfluences upon journalists working in a conflict zone. With the help of sevenin-depth interviews with displaced tribal journalists reporting on the USled war-on-terror fought against militants in the northwestern Pakistan, thispapers finds the model helpful in providing insight into macro-leveldevelopments i.e., commercialization of media and the concentration of mediato serve interests of those ruling at the top. Weakness of the model, as thestudy finds, is the lack of vocabulary to use for micro-level developments,understanding and approach to develop insight into the social and culturalforces affecting media labor and influencing their working interests in reportingon a conflict zone. The outcome of this lack is, first, the absence of insight intodecision-making dynamics between media elites and working journalists onthe ground. Second, the element of working journalists’ resistance is not takeninto account. On this account if macro-level analysis of the propaganda modelcould be held as strengths of the model, disconnect from ground realities is itsweakness. And in order for political economy to connect with the bottom it isimperative for scholars to recognize and acknowledge those small details inwhich lays the element of resistance against power
Living on the frontlines: Perspective from Poonch and Kotli region of AJK
No full textKashmir conflict deeply impacts the lives of the people living along the 740km Line of Control (LoC), dividing former state of Jammu and Kashmir. The people living in the in Kotli and Poonch districts are extremely vulnerable to volatile conditions of the LoC which adversely affect their physical security, livelihood, socio-cultural life, educational development, psychological health and wellbeing. This study evaluates the impact of Kashmir conflict and escalation of tension on the LoC in the 1990s, the impact of 2003 ceasefire and recent LoC tension on the lives of the people living in villages on the zero line in Kotli and Poonch districts. It argues that human dimension of the Kashmir conflict should be recognized, ceasefire on the LoC institutionalized and stalemated political dialogue resumed to revive political process on resolution of Kashmir dispute
Shift of Power from West to East and Rise of China
No full textThis research paper is aimed at evaluating prevailing global scenario and the dynamics of shift of power from the West to the East. Efforts have been made to analyze the economic, political, and security trends to understand important aspects of the power transition process. Currently, there is an enough literature available, which proves the existing consensus among many experts that China is playing a central role in the process of shift of power from the West to the East. Therefore, while explaining this transition process, it is pertinent to focus on the leading role of China and its possible implications. So, this study further highlights the rising power of China covering an overall picture of China, particularly its economic development process, the political and cultural aspects, and the military modernization. Efforts have been made to give an analytical view that how the rise in economic power is gradually transforming itself into political, diplomatic, and military strength of China. Besides; this research effortalso focuses on how China is adjusting its foreign policy posture in the regional and global affairs, which culminates or aims at adjusting itself to globalization process