UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
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Emergence of Separatist Movement in East Pakistan: Impact of Jinnah’s Leadership
No full textThis paper offers a study of the impact of leadership of Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah on the Bengali Separatist Movement in its preliminary stage during the first year of the life of Pakistan when Quaid-i-Azam served as its first governor general. It would be examined whether the lingual, constitutional, economic and governmental issues, which later became asource of discontent that caused the Bengali Separatist Movement grow, were addressed by the Quaid-i-Azam Jinnah in a proper way and he did not found those mistakes which his successors in the leadership of Pakistan committed. It would also be observed that visionary leader of Quaid-i-Azam’s rank could understand the danger to the integrity of Pakistan posed by the feelings of provincialism, communism and Hindu influence in the eastern wing of Pakistan that was remote from its western part through a distance of one thousand miles.The paper will also provide a critical analysis of the steps of Quaid-i-Azam which he took for the purpose of the solidarity of newly born state of Pakistan but which steps were allegedly used as a negative propaganda against the founder of Pakistan in order to give air to the ideas of separatism in the Bengalis. In this context the Quaid’s decision for the selection of Karachi as the capital of Pakistan and his use of powers as the governor general of Pakistan would be analyzed
A Critical Analysis of Judicial Reforms: Through the Prism of National Judicial Policy, 2009
No full textThe judicial system of Pakistan, inherited from the colonial era, has been plagued with serious issues in providing timely justice to the common people culminating into law and order problems as well as the trust deficit among general public of the country. Various judicial reforms initiated by various Governments to combat the issues prevalent in the system and meet the changing legal requirements of the society yielded no substantial results. Since developing an understanding about why the previous reforms have not been able to deliver the desired results is a good initiative for building a more result oriented and robust policy (Bullock, Mountford & Stanley, 2001), this study aimed to explore the reasons for the lack of success or partial success of these reforms in the light of the Theory of policy diffusion and the Game theory ofpolicy implementation by taking ‘National Judicial Policy, 2009’ as a case; which was the latest and most extensive effort to reform Pakistan’s judicial organ. Thisqualitative research attempting to gain insight into the phenomenon of judicial reforms through semi-structured interviews of a purposive sample of 15 Judges and lawyers from all the three tiers of judiciary i.e. Supreme Court, High Court and Session Courts has uncovered some interesting factors pertaining to policy making and implementation process of judicial reforms. In view of the respondents of this research, the influence of a foreign transactional institute and the lack of political will obstructed the implementation of this reform initiative. This study contributes to the policy making and implementation literature by way of explicating policy making and implementation process in the developing countries like Pakistan and helps identify the indigenous issues / problems in the process of various reform initiatives
CPEC – A Flagship of New Silk Road: Perceptions of ‘Sinophilia’ and ‘Sinophobia’ in Pakistan*
No full textThe present research explores the perceptions of opinion leaders of Pakistan about Sinophilia and Sinophobia under regional dynamics of New Silk Road (NSR) within the contexts of Regional Integration and Regional Security Complex Theory for political, social and security aspects of CPEC. A survey from 400 opinion leaders; Educationists, Journalists, Bureaucrats and Security Personnel, in Lahore, Capital City of Punjab, Pakistan was conducted to detect the perceptions. Existing knowledge about the project (IV), demographics of respondents were measured. Positive political impact on Pakistan and China, Positive and Negative social impacts of CPEC on Pakistan (MO), and Positive impacts of CPEC on Pakistan and China were tested. ANOVA and Linear Regression Analysis were applied. PLS-SEM was also applied to test the proposed model. The study found the influential impacts of existing knowledge, political and social impacts on security matters related to CPEC for both Pakistan and China under NSR
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and Indian Print Media: The Case Study of Elite English Press
No full textThis study aimed to explore the treatment of Indian elite press towards the matter of China Pakistan Economic Corridor. The study deals with the quantitative and qualitative approaches in order to measure and examine the stance of the Indian Print media towards the said issue. For the purpose of analysis four English newspapers, The Times of India, The Hindu, Hindustan Times and Tribune India were selected during the June, 2016-December, 2017 as during this period CPEC was the hot debate in the regional media especially in India. All the news stories were coded against 5 categories with regard to Pak-China, Pak-India and China-India relations in the context of CPEC. The findings revealed that Indian Print media gave very negative coverage to the issue of CPEC in their news stories. The issue was framed as a bigger threat in the region, a militant support towards Kashmir conflict between both countries. Furthermore, it was also divulged that the proportion of negative coverage was greater than its positive coverage. Pakistan and China relations were framed as a deal to counter India for being closeness of CPEC route to Kashmir valley. Last but not the least, this project was considered a violation of Indian sovereignty with regard to its territory. The strategic interests were framed against the India which could lead to impact the peace in the Southeast Asia if the project is successfully executed
Media Coverage of Pak-India Standoff 2002: An Analysis
No full textThe 2002 military standoff between Pakistan and India was triggered due to the attack on Indian parliament on Dec 13, 2001. For several month hundreds and thousands of soldiers stood eyeball-to-eyeball in one of the biggest military mobilization. There were moments when it was feared that the war was imminent. But better sense prevailed and the standoff, which has started in January, 2002, veered off by October same year. Thus, another potential war was averted between the nuclear-armed neighbors. Media aggressively covered the confrontation, especially when the tension was at peak. Through partisan coverage, media also sharpened the differences and crystallized the animosity. The study has gone through the selected English-language newspapers of both countries over selected days from January to October in 2002 to gauge the nature of coverage. It shows that the coverage in the mainstream media ofboth Pakistan and India was titled towards national sentiments. If Indian media sought revenge against parliament attack, Pakistani media pushed for a matching response in retaliation to India‟s mobilization of army. The coverage increased during the height of tension but it decreased drastically when became clear that there will be no war
The Indo-Pak Rivalry and the Kashmir Issue: A Historical Analysis in the Security Context of the South Asia
No full textThe Kashmir issue is a primary source of resentment between India and Pakistan. It is considered the oldest issue on the schedule of the Security Council yet to be resolved. This divisive issue remained unsolved and has become the nuclear flashpoint. The peace of the South Asian region is severely contingent upon the peaceful resolution of the Kashmir dispute. It is not only the pivot of bitterness in the bilateral relation of India and Pakistan, it also a continuous threat to the regional peace in South Asia. This study critically assesses and evaluated the issue in the perspective of historical facts and current context regarding Kashmir. Chronological data presented and describe that the Kashmir issue has deteriorated the fragile security of South Asian region and remained a continuous threat of nuclear escalation in the region. Kashmir issue hassevere implications for populace of Kashmir as well as for the region
Strategy of Loyalism: A Case Study of Syed Ahmad Khan’s Relations with the British
No full textSyed Ahmad Khan is considered as a symbol of change. He achieved personal success and had contributed massively towards the development and progress of the Muslims of South Asia. He challenged traditional trends and showed a new path of modernity, through western education, to his community. However, in order to do so, he established friendly relations with the colonial masters, showed them his loyalty and pursued them for support. This paper is an attempt to find out that how much the British patronage helped Syed in achieving his goal and what was the impact of the strategy, he adopted
Strategic Significance of CPEC: A Game Changer for Pakistan
No full textThis paper is intended to explore the strategic significant of CPEC for Pakistan while hypothesizing that it is a game changer for Pakistan. For testing the hypothesis, researcher reviewed secondary data sources including books, articles published in national and international journals, official reports and other relevant documents. The findings are presented in five themes i.e. economic impacts of CPEC, social impacts of CPEC, impacts on energy crises, impacts on foreign policy and impacts on balance of power and security. The findings indicated that CPEC is of great significance for Pakistan because of its relevance with many positive outcomes for socio-economic development of the country and for enhancing people’s standard of living and their quality of life. However, there are some of the potential gray areas which can be dealt with proper planning, political vision and progressive working by relevant Pakistani stakeholders
Emergence of the Islamic State and Challenges for Af-Pak Region
No full textThe Islamic State was hoping for a smooth establishment and extraordinary gains inthe Khorasan region. The presence of US forces in Afghanistan and Operation Zarb-eAzb by the strong military of Pakistan did not allow it to happen. The Taliban couldbe a strong ally of IS in the region but clashes between the two had diminished thechances of its establishment and success in the Khorasan region. Both organizationshave declared „Jihad‟ against each other to enjoy monopoly status in the region,especially in Afghanistan. Afghan government even supported Taliban to fight against IS. Though IS has claimed many deadly attacks in Afghanistan and Pakistan it has not gained the momentum and support it was expecting. The nature of this study is qualitative
Conflict and Violence in Swat: Impacts an Pakistani’s National Identity among Swat Pukhtuns
No full textThis study proposes that the recent decade long conflict and violence in Swat, aPakhtun populated region, has complex and multi-dimensional implications for two connected processes: Pakhtun sense of belonging to Pakistan (Pakistaniyat of Pakhtuns) and the process of National integration in Pakistan. It asks two questions, what are the consequences of the ongoing conflict for Pakhtun‟s sense of belonging to Pakistani nation? And What are the repercussions of the conflict for Pakistani State and its national integration process? The „perceived‟ role of Pakistani state in the conflict, the religious dimension of this conflict (Islam), and involvement of Pakistani state military are three areas discussed by this article as affecting Pakhtun‟s imagination of Pakistan, Pakistani state and the subsequent process of national integration in Pakistan. The study is qualitative ethnographic in nature, based on an extensive ethnographic field work in Swat from December 2016 to March 2017, which was conducted for PHD research. It comprises of open ended interviews and discussions with almost 80 people from diverse socio-economic and political status along with observation in some cases