UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
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PAKISTAN’S NUCLEAR POLICY AND THE US
No full textThe Pak-US relations have seen many ups and downs for themlast fifty years. However, some issues remained constant and have beenmprofoundly effecting the bilateral relations of the two countries. Amongm them the nuclear program of Pakistan has been a dominant factor since 1971, when Pakistan seriously began to develop its nuclear program for security purposes, in the backdrop of third Indo-Pakistan war, which effectively exposed the vulnerability of Pakistan defence as a result of conventional asymmetry with India. According to some critics, Pakistan being the most allied allay of the US had to compromise its sovereignty and independence to win over US economic and diplomatic support. However, she never remained uncompromising over couple of issues such as its nuclear policy, which became a major irritant in its relations with the US
Democracy: Old Trends, New Patterns - A Pakistani Experience
No full textGovernments when elected under normal conditions areeager to start their tenur with a clean slate and would like to follow the principles that were presented to the people during the electioneering campaign in the form of election manifesto and public pronouncements. This is especially relevant where in the past the government experienced a series of crisis, in one form or the other. In Pakistan, a succession of such governments was witnessed, which owed their origin to one crisis after another. Rather, a peaceful change is unknown to our political experience
Pakistan-Russian Federation Economic Relations
No full textAfter the passage of Soviet Union into history the emerging realities were interpreted as a 'window of opportunity' and the government in Pakistan was advised to take full advantage of it. Political issues could limit progress in the realm of economic relations. However, since December 1991 there have been mre than 30 leadership and senior officials' level exchnages between the two countries. Out of which 14 exchanges were either partly or purely related to enhanced economic relations focusing on trade, investment, joint ventures, etc. According to I|TC Database Russian Federation exports around 2500 items. On the other hand Pakistan has ports and other infrastructure facilities which can facilities Russian trade. Yet, little progress has been achieved on ground. Differences persist on issues like the up gradation of PSM, IPI gas pipeline project; Russia lacks enthusiasm to use Gwadar port for trade purposes. Still pessimism should not be allowed to prevail. Faith in economic interaction producing mutually beneficial interdependence should guide us. With this spirit all possible steps to facilitate economic interaction between the two countries should be taken
BUILDING INSTITUTIONS FOR MARKETS; Published for the World Bank by Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 249
No full text“Buiiding Institutions for Markets” is a World Development Report; about market institutions that promote growth and reduce poverty, addressing how institutions support markets, what makes institutions work, and how to build them? This Report is a continuation of World Development Report 2000/2001, which discusses the central role of markets in the lives of poor people, white the latest edition defines institutions as rules, enforcement mechanisms, and organizations and mentions that individuals and communities, iocal entrepreneurs, multinational companies, and multilatera! organizations can build institutions, often in partnership with each other. National government may initiate reform or may simply respond to pressures from the private sector or from- external actors. The few lessons this report offers for building institutions are: 
REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF IRAQI INSTABILITY
No full textwhile planning a military assault on Iraq, the declared objectives of he United States' President was to take cntrol of the Weapons of Mass Destructoin (WMD), which according to President Bush would pose a security threat to his country as well the Western civilization. Therefore, accordingt to him, preemptive strike becomes necessary. But as the war on Iraq progressed and little evience was provided regarding WMDs, the focus of the Bush administration changed to reform the Iraqi society and in hs words, bring democracy in the country
US Print Media Framing of Nuclear Ambiguity: Israel vs. Iran
Full text linkThis research work aims at studying the “Nuclear Ambiguity” by evaluating the coverage of Israeli and Iranian nuclear issue in the US print media. The main objective of the study was to examine the news stories and editorial treatment of the above mentioned issue with reference to the foreign policies of the related countries. Content analysis was employed to study the two newspapers; The New York Times and The Washington Post. The data was collected by usingcensus approach and the whole population was considered as sample from the time period of January, 2014 to December, 2015. The theoretical framework of the study comprised of Agenda setting and Framing theory that explain how media can “play up” or “play down” any issue. To determine the significance of the research hypothesis, statistical test chi square was applied and results approved all the hypotheses. The study concluded that US print media followed their national policies and played up the issue of nuclear ambiguity in case of Iran’s nuclear program, while played down the Israel’s nuclear program because Israel is a vital ally of American
China-Pak Economic Corridor (CPEC): Economic Transformation-Challenges and Opportunities for the Local Residents
Full text linkChina-Pakistan Economic corridor is a game-changing project between China andPakistan. This corridor provides opportunities for economic Development to Pakistan especially to the people of Balochistan. This research paper determined the concept of CPEC in the specific context of socio-economic life of local people. It will look the positive and negative aspects of the projects by taking the local resident into consideration. This study has tended to rely on qualitative methods in order to explain the use, values and interpretation of concepts. The study is qualitative therefore; in depth semi structure interviews and focus group discussion are selected as a tool of data collection. The findings of study are discussed in details. The practical implications of study are future directions are also discussed
Pakistan and Fourth Generation Warfare
Full text linkFourth Generation Warfare (4GW) is a blend of all previous three types of warbeing employed by non – state actors. Some scholars associate it with Guerrillawar or insurgency. New age technology and communication system are essentialpart of propaganda involved in 4GW.It is a type of unconventional warfare. Thisanalytical paper identifies types of 4GW tactics which are being employed by nonstates actors in Pakistan. Pakistan government and its military are facing great difficulty and challenge to counter this type of warfare as army is trained for fighting conventional war. In order to fight 4GW with full force conventional military should adopt and incorporate “non-kinetic means” or unconventional means which includes, psychological warfare, cyber warfare, urban and guerrilla tactics. Media and academia can play significant role in creating awareness about 4GW in masses
Structural Deficiencies in the Political System of Afghanistan and Major Irritants in Pak-Afghan Relations
Full text linkPolitical stability of Afghanistan is an essential component for peace and harmony in South Asia and has deep influences on Pakistan. Afghanistan’s political setup and security situation definitely impacts on the security of Pakistan. Terrorism and civil wars in Afghanistan from 1979 have extremely spoiled the governmental institutions of Afghanistan and produced huge damages, both in human lives and infrastructure, generally in the border areas. In 2014, NATO has planned the drawdown their forces, an atmosphere of insecurity emerges large on the administrative prospect of Afghanistan, by the anxieties communicated that this state may fall once again into the depth of violence and disorder. This research indicates intentions at concentration of Afghanistan’s current political structures and a danger of their endurance after drawdown the NATO forces, moreover examining the present resistances between Afghanistan and Pakistan on several matters
Critical Discourse Analysis of Tahir-ul-Qadri Dharna 2014 Speeches
Full text linkThis study aims to explore and uncover power play in Dharna 2014 speeches of Tahir-ul-Qadri. The study has followed the theoretical perspective of power (Fairclough; 2003) in its twodimensions i.e. power within discourse and power behind discourse. The research method applies thematic analysis and utilizes Fairclough‘s three dimensional model (1989) as data analyzing tool. Data is collected by using convenient sampling. All the speeches of Dharna 2014 which are available on the internet are analyzed by considering Textual, Discursive and Societal levels of discourse provided by Fairclough 3D Model. The study discusses power within discourse and power behind discourse by considering the mechanism of communication, mechanism of inculcation and universal acceptance. The findings established that discourses has the capacity toform and being formed by social practices. The key findings in case of power within discourse include that the speaker showed the use of pronoun ‗I‘ in order to show his power and by using the pronoun ‗we‘ he gained the support of the audience in order to win their hearts and reflect this as a power on the rulers. The speakers explained in detail the unjust rule of the government by using differences linguistic tools like modal verbs, vocabulary, transitivity, interdisocurse etc. which are part of textual, discursive and societal levels of Fairclough three dimensional model (1989).Moreover, in case of power behind discourse, the key findings include the power of west constitution of Pakistan and Islam in the speakers‘ speeches. This research would enable commonpublic of Pakistan to understand their leader in terms of the concept of power by comprehending the meaning that language conveys