UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
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A Critique of Rhetorical Devices in Selective Political Discourse
Full text linkLanguage is used as a communication tool. But political figures use this tool to put specific economic, social and cultural ideas into practice. The aim of this research is to explore the rhetorical devices used by Indira Gandhi and Benazir Bhutto in their speeches, and how these figures of speech assist them to take the attention of the public and transmit their message properly. The researcher selected these political speakers as they belonged to patriarchal society yet were elected prime ministers of their respective countries twice. The study reveals what kind of rhetorical tropes are used by selected speakers.The research is carried out by employing the model of Critical Discourse Analysis based on Paul Gee‟s (2011) framework. Both speakers used almost the same persuasive devices. The persuasive devices which are employed by speakers arerepetition, amplification, antithesis, allusion, alliteration, parallelism, hyperbole, metaphor, ethos, pathos, logos, litotes, sententiaand imagery. They used rhetoric at phonological, lexical andsyntactical level. The study reveals that although they are women belonged to male dominant societies yet by using these tropes speakers appealed the target audience and succeeded in theirpolitical objectives
Deterrence in South Asia: A case study of prospects of war between Pakistan & India
Full text linkTwo competing arguments exist regarding possibility of war in the presence of nuclear weapons. According to optimists, nukes have stabilizing affect due to high cost. The pessimists however do not rule out chances of occurrence of war due to possible irrationality, offensive nature of military, miscommunication, miscalculation, and absence of second-strike capability etc. This study aims at testing these arguments and assessing the prospects of war between two South Asian nuclear states such as India and Pakistan, amidst post Pulwama tense environment. It alsodevelops a unique triangular model of extended deterrence among three nuclear states, along with assessing traditional dyadic relationship between the two nuclear states
Implementation of Numerical Integration Simpson 3/8 Rule to Develop a Numerical Simpson Iterative Method for Solving Non-Linear Equations
No full textThis research paper has developed a numerical iterative methodby using Simpson 3/8 rule for solving non-linear equations, which equationsare studied in different sciences and engineering fields. The developedtechnique has quadratic converge. This paper reflects the idea andmore better results from the work of the authors of [7-8]. Examples aregiven to show that the proposed iterative method is better than comparedmethods. Our developed method is compared with the Newton Raphsonmethod and the Trapezoidal method. C++/MATLAB was used to computethe numerical results. It can be observed from the results that the simpsoniterative method is better than the Newton Raphson method, and theTrapezoidal method in terms of iteration and accuracy perceptio
Translation Hypersurfaces in Euclidean 4-Spaces
No full textIn this article, the translation hypersurfaces in Euclidean 4-space are defined as the sum of three curves with distinct parameters with unit speed, and non-planar. These curves are called the generator curves of the hypersurface. Utilizing the hypersurface theory in Euclidean 4-space, unit normal vector field, shape (Weingarten) operator matrix, fundamental forms, Gaussian curvature and mean curvature have been expressed for the translation hypersurfaces. Finally, the computational example is stated to efficiency of the theoretical results
Analytical Method for Solving Inviscid Burger Equation
No full textIn this paper, we use the natural decomposition method (NDM) for solvinginviscid Burger equation (BE). The NDM is associated with the Adomain decomposition method (ADM) and the natural transform method. Applying the analytic method, we solved successfully both lin-ear and non-linear partial differential equations. By applying the NDM, we compute the best approximation solution of linear and non-linear partial differential equations. In our experiments, we report comparisons with the exact solution
Modification of Homotopy Perturbation Algorithm Through Least Square Optimizer for Higher Order Integro-Differential Equations
No full textIn this manuscript, modification of homotopy perturbationmethod (HPM) is proposed for integro-differential equations by couplingthe least square method (LSM) with HPM. Improved accuracy in a veryfew iterations is the general advantage of this technique. The proposedmethod is applied to different higher order integro-differential equationsof linear and nonlinear nature, and results are compared with exact as wellas available solutions from the literature. Numerical and graphical analysisreveal that the proposed algorithm is reliable for integro-differentialequations and hence can be utilized for more complex problems
International and Regional Political Competitions in Syria "Geo-political dimensions"
No full textSince the outbreak of the Syrian crisis in 2011, where fighters from 70 countries meets on its territory, who turned it to international terrorism territory, which came on the infrastructure of the country, led to massive violations of human rights from all parties of the conflict, and changed the Syrian geopolitical, because of excessive interventions for regional players, wishing to transform the international balances in their favor, at the expense of the Syrian people. The Russian intervention in the Syrian crisis comes at an international level, as long as the Western pressure on the Syrian regime strengthens the countries of the Middle East hostile to it. This began with President Obama's speech that Assad should step down, which in turn led to the adherence of countries such as Turkey, Saudi Arabia and others to an extremist rhetoric to resolve the conflict.Apart from the Russian goals that the writers and researchers disagreed on, there is no doubt that Russian entry of this magnitude will bring serious changes to the Syrian crisis From this perspective, the countries of the Middle East, including Iran, are following up and trying to understand the impact of the new reality on its policy towards Syria and its implications for it. As one of the stakeholders in the Syrian case, Russia's strategic raids did not worry. In this paper we will attempt to assess the impact of this development on Iran's Syrian policy and its consequences. Where, Iran considers Russia's military entry against the Dai'sh and other armed organizations likely to sway its Syrian ally in the military dimension. This complex map makes it very difficult for any American administration to build an effective policy in Syria. All those conflicting interests have to agree on what they want to achieve in Syria. At the same time, they must agree on their understanding of the different terms .When we say "cease-fire" or "truce" or "zones of escalation", otherwise these ideas or concepts will become "theoretical" terms, meaningless on the ground, and the various parties will continue to fight the ill intentions of the parties in their policies towards Syria
Indo-US Nexus to Isolate Pakistan: Options and Responses
No full textIndia-Pakistan conflict is one of the most complicated and protracted conflicts inmodern time, clouded by historical, ideological, religious, and political sentimentality. Beyond these, the diplomatic uncertainty between the two countries has proven to be capable of being transnational and international. Following the Indo-US strategic alliance, there is a growing perception that New Delhi is increasingly demonstrating and deepening its hegemonic designs in South Asia and beyond. Under the BJP government, such hegemonic proclivity has exacerbated the mistrust and the gulf of understanding between New Delhi and Islamabad. With the blessing of Washington, the BJP government has changed the dynamic of the mistrust. To this end, the paper addresses the current dynamics twofold. The first part of the paper looks at Modi’s effort geared at isolating Pakistan, the second discusses the mutual effort of Modi andTrump to politically and diplomatically ostracise Pakistan within the comity ofnations. The last part of the paper discusses the three ways Pakistan should respond to the individual and combine efforts of Modi and Trump
Impact of Political and Terrorist Events on Stock Market Returns: A Case Study in South Asian Context
No full textEfficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) suggests that markets are rational and reflect all information. So, no investor can beat the market by generating abnormal returns. But it is found that stock markets deviate (anomalies) and contradicts the rule of EMH. To investigate this issue in this event study political and terrorist events are considered as the external information. Political and terrorist events create uncertainty and risk for the investors in the capital markets. These events have been increasing dramatically in the last decade by which investors face hesitation and fear while investing in a politically unstable and unsafe country. The stock markets in our study include Pakistan Stock Exchange (Pakistan), Bombay Stock Exchange (India), Chittagong Stock Exchange (Bangladesh) and Colombo Stock Exchange (Sri Lanka). This comparative study is the effort to find the answer of whether political and terrorist events have any impact on the Stock Market returns on the financial markets of South Asian countries. Event study methodology is used in the study. By using Market Model, we analyzed 47 terrorists and 45 political events in all four countries of ourstudy during 2005-2016. The empirical result shows that the political and terrorist events have significant impact on stock market returns. Moreover, the results show that the stock markets of South Asian countries are inefficient on 15-day event window. While the results on 2nd day event windows are insignificant. The noisy information does not absorb by the markets shows the contradiction to the assumptions of efficient market hypothesis (EMH)
Pakistan’s Struggle against Extremist Onslaught, Assimilating Women in Pakistan’s Counter-Extremism Efforts; A Critical Appraisal
No full textRadicalization and wide spread extremist ideologies culminating in organized acts of terrorism have become a great challenge for the contemporary modern world. The threat becomes more severe in the context of developing and underdeveloped societies where state infrastructure is in nascent stages and hence, cannot face such complex and daunting threats. The penetration and expansion of the radical ideas by the use of modern tools of information technology and innovative means of communication facilitate the radical outfits which have serious ramifications for all sections of society but youth being receptive to emotional and adventurous ideologies and slogans of change are most vulnerable. In case of Pakistan, where terrorism in the name of religion has become the most terrifying phenomena incurring heavy losses on the country’s weak economy, the youth of Pakistan need to be educated, enlightened andequipped intellectually and conceptually against the extremist milieu. The task isgigantic and involves comprehensive de-radicalization and counters radicalizationprograms and in case of Pakistan’s meager resources allocated for education the task is a far cry. In this connection the role of women needs to be focused and utilized given the Pakistan’s specific socio-cultural context wherein the role of mother is like that of a nucleus. The present study aims to focus on the importance of the role of women in inculcating counter radicalization attitudes and ideas in the young generations and will explore possible suggestions to enhance role of women in CVEs efforts at various levels in the society