UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
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lnternational System At The Cross Roads: An Overview
No full textin this work, the writer depicted his views on the future world order. AcCording to the author in the new world order, traditional problems are emerging in new guise with different dimensions. Man has been endowed with tremendous resources, skills and refinement. On the negative side, he has developed equal potential to improve weapons of total destruction, Emphasis is increasingly placed on the refinement onunconventional weapons and effective methods of delivery by piloted planes or guided missiles, improvement of eariy warning systems, interception devices of key equipment and variety of armament
Political Participation of Women in Balochistan
No full textPakistani society is undergoing a significant social change under the impact of urbanization, education and the national policy towards socio-economic development. As a consequence the province of Balochistan is being affected by such a change as more conscious efforts are directed towards the women population. An effort is being made to change the society from a traditional tribal that which can confront the challenges of the new era. However, the pace of change in the Baloch society at large and particularly in family patterns hasbeen slower than in other provinces. This is particularly pertaining to the role and status of women in‘ the community and in the family. Thus, the persisting perception of women’s role in society, and their regulation to the domestic domain, demising their role in the public domain, is an impen‘inent toward their integration in the national development programs. Activities undertaken by women in Pakistan and particularly in Balochistan are given inadequate recognition and are not reflected in the mainstream of national economy. The present study is an attempt to compile available data to provide a comprehensive and systemic vision so as to improve the situation of women in the province and enhance their status and role in the family, the community and national development
A ROAD MAP FOR DEMOCRACY IN PAKISTAN
No full textThe new wave of democratic trends, as witnessed in the present era, assigns greater value to the democratic process. The key questions are that how far a democratic system reflects its principtes in letter and spirit? is it democratic, semi democratic or illiberal democracy? Such an assessment of the political system can be better undertaken by focusing on the dimensions of political culture of the concerned systems. An examination of the attitudes and behaviour of the individuals and the institutions or political collectivities to understand their orientations in the political process becomes necessary. Traditionally, the institutions that represent and mobilize society in the political sphere inciude legislature, political parties, and tinanciai institutions. They help to shape, organize and express political culture and identities. Family, community and peergroups, ethnic and religious institutions have also assumed a greater role in the institutional manifestation and express political attitudes and culture
CHALLENGES FOR NEW LEADERSHIP IN CHINA
No full textChina prepares to complete its biggest shuffle of top Communist Party and government posts since the 19705. The Party's generai secretary, 77 years old Jiang Zemin has stepped down and replaced by China's Vice President Hu Jintao, who is 60. The all powerful Politburo Standing Committee will see most of its members retired by the mid of this year. In addition, Chinese Prime Minister Zhu Rongji and the leader of the National People‘s Congress Li Peng has also left their offices in mid March, 2003 and replaced by Wen Jiabao 60 and Wu Bangguo 61 accordingly.1 The majority of new faces are technocrats, having provincial experience of Party Chiefs but carry little nationai clout. It ccan not be expected for an immediate policy change by the new ieadership as Jiang will continue to be country's paramount figure even after his retirement. A truly dominant new leader may not emerge in Beijing for another three to five years
TRIBAL AREAS OF NWEP (PAKISTAN): LAND AND PEOPLE
No full textThere are two types of tribal territories attached with the North West Frontier Province (NWFP), one Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and second, Provincially Administered Tribal Areas (PATA). FATA territories are under the direct administrative control of the Federal Government, which is governed throuh the office of the Governor, being the representative of the President in the province. The PATA territories are under the admiistrative control of the provincial government, administered through the Deput Com missioners (now, District Co-ordination Officers)
In vitro inhibitory effect of leaf and seed extracts of Moringa oleifera on growth of Fusarium oxysporum associated with leaf spots of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides
Get PDF Fusarium oxysporum was found associated with the leaf spot disease of Zanthxylum zanthoxyloides. The goal of this study was to employ Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf and seed extracts to inhibit the development of F. oxysporum in vitro at doses of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg mL-1. Tests for the presence of certain secondary metabolites were also carried out. Naturally occurring substances such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, steroids, terpenoids and cyanoglycosides were identified in the samples. The extracts from the two parts of the plant were effective against the growth of F. oxysporum. The highest inhibitory effects of leaf extract occurred at 400 and 500 mg mL-1, with a mean diametric measurement value of 0.57 cm and the least at 100 mg mL-1 with a value of 1.28 cm. Similarly, the highest effect of seed extract was at 500 mg L-1 with a value of 0.76 cm and the least at 100 mg mL-1 with 1.34 cm fungal growth as compared to1.92 cm fungal diameter recorded in the control treatment. This work shows that the test fungus could be controlled effectively using concentrations of 400 and 500 mg mL-1 leaf and seed extracts of M. oleifera. 
Domestic Challenges for Pakistan’s Foreign Policy during Nawaz Sharif’s Third Prime Ministerial Term
Get PDFPakistan’s significance in global politics can’t be ignored in view of being its status as the only Muslim nuclear power in the world. It is at the forefront of two contrasting avenues of global posture i.e. Global War against Terrorism in Afghanistan and cross-regional connectivity venture of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Despite Pakistan’s significance and relevance in world politics, the opportunities for Pakistan’s foreign policy at the external front are met bysome severe challenges at the domestic front. Minimum measures of transparency and accountability with the added lack of checks and balances in Pakistan’s foreign policy can be highlighted by the lack of consistency and sustainability in the democratization process. This paper is an attempt to highlight the domestic challenges for Pakistan’s foreign policy during thethird term of former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. It will examine the domestic challenges in view of state of security, role of Nawaz Sharif as the Foreign Minister of Pakistan, role of Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) and institutional imbalances in Pakistan’s foreign policy during Nawaz Sharif’s third term
Political Ignorance and Voting Participation of Rural Dwellers in Pakistan
Get PDFThis study explored political ignorance and voting participation of rural residents using a qualitative research design. Face-to-face interviews of 71 participants were conducted by visiting their houses using an unstructured interview guide. Data were analyzed and grouped into recurrent themes using content analysis. The results indicated that a large majority of rural inhabitants were politically ignorant and did not seem to be interested in political activities as they were unaware about the existing political system, the way government operates and affect their lives, current affairs, and rural development programs. These participants did not know the value of their votes as they used to cast their votes based on clan preferences, community leader’s endorsement, fear of enmity of village elite, and friendship with community leader. These resultswill be helpful for NGOs, civil society, mainstream mass-media, and community based organizations in shaping public opinion, overcoming socio-political inequalities, altering existing socio-political arrangements, and strengthening socio-political participation
Kashmir Resolution: A Case Study of Musharraf Era in Pakistan
Get PDFIn South Asia, Pakistan and India are the next-door states. Since independence, both the states had a long list of historical cum territorial and water disputes. However, Kashmir is the only one issue between Pakistan and India which has always remained both the states at the brink of war. Many democratic and military governments in Pakistan came and went. But none could resolve the issue. Very little work regarding Kashmir issue has been done for the resolution. It is generally said that army was behind the cause to not to solve the Kashmir conflict. But General Pervez Musharraf, after taking office, proved this belief as wrong. Although, Musharraf was a dictator and an army chief but he has worked more for the solution of Kashmir cause than any other political or military leader of Pakistan. Both disputed parties tried to resolve the conflict but the efforts proved fruitless. However the efforts of Musharraf made the hot environment between two governments, cold up to some extent. Therefore, this study seeks to explore and analyse the efforts for the resolution of Kashmir dispute during Musharraf regime in Pakistan
Economic Security: Challenges and options for Pakistan
No full textIn the current age of Globalization, where economies and democracies areextremely progressive, some states have still a flawed system of governance. Unfortunately, the state of Pakistan is one among these countries facingmultifaceted and multilayered challenges. Due to the reason governance hasbecome an enigma. Apart from the issues of governance, security and stabilityweak economy is also the outcome. This paper is an attempt to highlight theeconomic challenges in Pakistan and to develop a framework for efficient governance with stable institutions where actual spirit of democracy should berealized that lies in decentralization of power. It has also explained that stateswith weak political and economic institutions do not provide stable and suitable environment for sustainable development. The paper emphasized on the changing role of state, to act as a linking pin of processes of planning, consultation, negotiation and decision making involving diverse players. Themethodology is qualitative in combination with explanatory and critical research strategies. This research combination will helpful to identify the social, political and economic variables. It is also helpful to build a structure, used to explain a phenomenon and to predict future behavior