UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
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‘Spots of Time’ in a Passage to India
No full textIn this research paper I shall argue that the pattern of growth in A Passage to India is Wordsworthian. Wordsworth’s theory of personal growth is explained by his concept of ‘spots of time’. The most English kind of literary identification – with Wordsworth and Romanticism – enables Forster to reach out to attempt to comprehend the non-English and the non-Western. In A Passage to India, Mrs Moore endorses the Wordsworthian view of Nature by making Grasmer a standard of essential English identity. Forster blends the Wordsworthian notion of ‘spots of time’ with the spiritual side of Hinduism. This side of Hinduism Forster sees embodied in the moment of the birth of Krishna
An Analysis of the Interrelationship among Crime, Misery Index and Institutional Quality: A Case Study of Pakistan
No full textThe study investigates the impact of misery, institutional quality, human capital, population density and GDP per capita on crime in Pakistan over the period 1984 to 2015. The misery index is constructed and Johansen and Juselious test of co-integration is employed to check long run relationship among variables. VECM is used to explore short run and long run dynamics and Toda Yamamoto causality test for causal relationship. Results confirm significant long run relationship among crime and its determinants in Pakistan. Two channels of bidirectional causality are found active with human capital from GDP per capita and governance. Unidirectional causality runs from crime to misery and from misery to institutional quality .The study concludes that misery and poor quality of institutions have been contributing to higher crimes statistics in Pakistan for last three decades. Therefore, government should take steps to reduce misery and to improve institutional quality to mitigate criminal activities in Pakistan
Survivability and plant growth promoting traits of Rhizobium aegyptiacum under the stress of fungicides and insecticides
Get PDFChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production relies heavily on chemical fertilizers and pesticides which have several drawbacks. Biofertilizers provide an eco-friendly alternative, however, growth of the bio-inoculant is often hindered by the chemical residues of insecticides and fungicides present in the soil. In this study, we evaluated the growth of a potential plant growth-promoting bacterium Rhizobium aegyptiacum, in the presence of the fungicide bavistin (50% carbendazim) and the insecticide chlorpyriphos 20 EC. A decrease in the growth of R. aegyptiacum was observed with increase in concentration of the fungicide and the insecticide. A 33.7% of growth reduction was observed under 3 times of the recommended dose of carbendazim. Likewise, in the presence of chlorpyriphos 20 EC, 10.6, 21.7 and 50.01% growth was inhibited at 1X, 2X and 3X of recommended dose, respectively. In the absence of fungicide and insecticide, the phosphate solubilization index was determined to be 3.21, which reduced to 2.53 under 3X chlorpyriphos treatment and 2.90 under 3X carbendazim treatments. The lowest IAA production (17.8 μg mL-1) was observed in 3X chlorpyriphos treatment. HCN production was also detected in the presence of both insecticide and fungicide. Thus, R. aegyptiacum was found to retain phosphate solubilization, HCN production and IAA production capacity in the presence of up to three times the recommended dosage of the bavistin and chlorpyriphos 20 EC. R. aegyptiacum can be recommended as bio-inoculum in chickpea cultivation in agricultural fields contaminated with high concentrations of insecticides and pesticides.  
PREDICTING THE EFFECT OF SERVITIZATION ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM EMERGING ECONOMY CONTEXT
Get PDF The tangible and imitable nature of products has led to the commoditization of most manufactured goods. Manufacturing companies have recognized servitization as a strategic solution to avoid falling into the trap of product commoditization. This study examines the relationship between servitization and customer loyalty in indigenous cable manufacturing firms in Anambra State. Four hypotheses and research questions, formulated in line with the research objective, guide the study. A survey research design was adopted, and the primary instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. Data were collected from 270 customers across three cable manufacturing firms in Southeast Nigeria. The collected data were sorted, coded, and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25, and the study hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis. The study found a significant positive effect for advanced services, while basic services had a significant negative effect. However, the effect of intermediate services was not significant. It is concluded that servitization can increase customer loyalty, although its contribution is minimal. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that advanced services have the highest positive impact on customer loyalty. Based on the findings, the study recommends, among other things, that firms seeking to servitize should provide advanced services to customers to increase loyalty. Additionally, they should offer product support and consulting services, as well as provide technical training and seminars to help customers achieve their goals while using their products. Keywords: Servitization; Customer loyalty; Service, product support services; Basic services; Intermediate services; Advance serviceshttps://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.37 
BALANCING ACT: UNRAVELING THE ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF WORK-LIFE CONFLICT
Get PDFWork-family or work-life conflict occurs when the demands of work and family roles conflict, causing imbalances and difficulties. Heavy responsibilities, a lack of workplace flexibility, gender role expectations, and insufficient social support are precursors. Consequences include psychological distress, disrupted relationships, decreased satisfaction, career setbacks, and adverse organizational results. These factors must be addressed in order to promote well-being and achieve a healthy work-life balance. This study provides insight into work-life conflict literature by outlining its causes and consequences. To succeed in today’s diverse and competitive environment, employees must maintain the right balance between their work and life roles. The construct of WLC has gained the focus of researchers and practitioners as it yields many adverse organizational outcomes. Therefore, researchers have put great emphasis on understanding mechanisms of work-life conflict to develop work and life balance. The primary objective of this study is to identify the antecedents and consequences of WLC based on an extensive literature review. The study concludes with significant implications for practitioners and managers.Keywords: Work-life conflict; Antecedents; consequences; Covid-19https://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.4
The Zeitgeist In Munir Niazi's Poems
No full textMunir Niazi holds a rank among the poets of modern era. He set new standards for Urdu verse. His poetry contracts with terror, emptiness and trance yet innocence, beauty and grace also devise his style. The reader finds peace and hope in his poems as he was a man from the real world instead of a mere poet lost in an imaginary world. Thus, the current article seeks to study Munir Niazi as a poet of nature and life
Manqabat in Post Independence Bahawalpur
No full textThis research article is an analysis of Urdu Manqabat writing in Bahawalpur(the former state) after 1947. It covers the meaning of Manqabat , different definitions of Manqabat among critics, difference between Qaseeda and Manqabat, Marsiya and Manqabat and Salam and Manqabat. In addition a brief history of Manqabat writing in Arabic, Persian and Urdu with examples are part of it. Praise Lyrics have been called Manqabat though Manqabat writing is a separate genre of Literature
Impact of Pakistan’s Seaborne Trade on Economy
No full textAfter the disintegration of former Soviet Union, the world started prioritizing geoeconomic considerations over geo-politics, which remained the epicenter of cold war, and gave birth to economic globalization. Today’s economic globalization is the outcome of integration of global financial systems and markets along with emerging new sophisticated technologies which facilitated states and its corporations to reach the global market deeper, cheaper and even faster in the free market economy on an enormous scale never experienced in the history of mankind. The economic globalization and its dividends have driven world states to bring about an ideological shift to increase global seaborne trade through economic integration rather than protecting domestic financial markets. This research paper ascertains a constructive and indispensable relationship between seaborne trade and economic development. The paper also attempts to establish that seaborne trade plays an effective role in the economic growth of Pakistan
Gothicism as a Mode of Political Critique in Bond’s Plays
No full textThe correlation of art, morality, and politics is an important debate in literature.Interestingly, this correlation between Edward Bond‟s plays and his politicalphilosophy has not been explored from the perspective of the Gothic previously. The article‟s main argument is that the motifs, tropes, and trappings that are scattered throughout the body of Bond‟s dramatic works evoke a strong image of a dark Gothic world characterized by excessive violence and other forms of monstrosity and irrationality. Gothicity in Bond‟s plays, then, emerges as a strong impulse, as a driving force through which Bond dismantles the falsifying social and political myths of violence, oppression, injustice, and individual freedom. The article also traces the progression of Gothic impulse in his plays in terms of how it shapes Bond‟s political and philosophical worldview as an artist and as a humanist. Bond‟s final message is that people must know and understand the dynamics of an oppressive society by challenging and interrogating the misleading versions of reality, and finally take substantial meaningful action to rectify social and political imbalances. It is this correlation of morality and politics built through Gothicism that informs Bond‟s radical political and philosophical vision and which he translates into dramaticmedium
Ethnic Conflict in Karachi: Diagnosing and Conflict Resolution
No full textKarachi represents a multi-dimensional intra-state conflict that has claimed thousands of innocent lives due to rampant ethnic, political, sectarian and criminal violence. Gauging the origins and development of the ethnic conflict in Karachi, it seems that the city has seen different patterns of ethnic conflict and violence during the last 70 years of Pakistan‟s independence. This study is dedicated to evaluate and assess different stages of ethnic conflicts in Karachi by applying Conflict Life Cycle Model. The model entails seven stages of conflict formation and management and finally resolution. Though unique, Karachi has passed through almost all stages of the conflict formation but missed the most mature stage of conflict ripeness i.e. Mutually Hurting Stalemate stage, which often encourages conflict actors to seek a way out through negotiation or peace process. This paper suggests a sustainable conflict management and resolution mechanism to the ethnic conflict in Karachi