UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
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Effects of New Media Technologies on Political Communication
No full textToday we are living in the age of web where world is moving on the tips of our fingers. The New Media Technologies have changed the world drastically. Even the traditional print and electronic media have been influenced significantly by the new media technologies. The growing radius of new media can be seen in the developed as well as developing countries. The revolution of new media technology has changed the pattern of political communication. This paper particularly elaborates the influence of new media technology on politicalcommunication. The paper demonstrates the extensive use of internet and mobile phones in the election campaigns in some of the developed and developing countries and its effects on political behavior. The paper also suggests some new horizons of political communication through new mediatechnology especially in the developing countries. Effect of new media technologies on political behavior and voting pattern is the focal point of this paper. 
An Overview of Domestic Threats / Constraints to Pakistan’s Security
No full textThe present discourse on security is predominantly influenced by the issues of identities, democracy and issues related to the social transformation of societies. The paper generally focuses on the security related domestic threats and problems confronted by Pakistan. Tracing the domestic dynamics of the threats/constraints confronted, the paper examines the consequential repercussions for the security of Pakistan. Analyses of the major internal threats are important for any proper understanding of the threats confronted. The problem of insecurity for Pakistan is from within; it has to set its own house in order. Interdependence of all multifaceted threats and their over all impact on internal security should be removed. Pakistan needs development in political, social, and economic field
Authoritarianism in Pakistan
No full textPakistan has remained under both de facto and de jure authoritarian rule for the most part of its existence. It has led to a weakening of institutions, including the media, which is harmful from the perspective of the country’s evolution as a true democracy. It is because of this menace that the country is still struggling tofunction as a state. Political instability, economic deprivation and terrorism can be laid at the door of this deficiency in our system. Whether Pakistan acquiredthis authoritarian steak after independence because of the weaknesses of its political parties, mainly the founder of Pakistan, Muslim League, or the vice is rooted in the pre-independence mindset and factors is an enlightened debate. Using an analytical method of inquiry, this article attempts to trace the roots ofauthoritarianism in Pakistan by using the data in the form of books available on the subject
Authoritarianism in Pakistan
No full textPakistan has remained under both de facto and de jure authoritarian rule for the most part of its existence. It has led to a weakening of institutions, including themedia, which is harmful from the perspective of the country’s evolution as a true democracy. It is because of this menace that the country is still struggling to function as a state. Political instability, economic deprivation and terrorism can be laid at the door of this deficiency in our system. Whether Pakistan acquired this authoritarian steak after independence because of the weaknesses of its political parties, mainly the founder of Pakistan, Muslim League, or the vice isrooted in the pre-independence mindset and factors is an enlightened debate. Using an analytical method of inquiry, this article attempts to trace the roots ofauthoritarianism in Pakistan by using the data in the form of books available on the subject
Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict
No full textEvents in recent years tend to show that dissolution of the Soviet Union left many questions and opened the opportunity and challenges for the international community. Challenges on security and economic fronts are forthcoming in Central Asia Region. Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is one of the important challenge for the international community, that resulted to a considerable refugee crisis in Azerbaijan, ethnic cleansing and massive human rights violations on both sides e.g. Azerbaijan and Armenia. A comprehensive and sound examining of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict indicates that it is defined as internal and further ismisinterpreted. In fact, the issue is distorted diplomatically, only for sake of gaining maximum political, economic and strategic benefits, by the international community. The research paper will concentrate on the historical background of the conflict along with the attitude of the world community on the framework ofnegotiations on the issue. The dialogue process has done nothing to deescalate the alarmed and hostile relations between Azerbaijan and Armenia. The research paper is an attempt to call on the intensity of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict as myth or reality. It provides a stake-holder analysis and to examine a political, economic, security and socio-cultural dynamics of the conflict. The presenting paper has evaluated the peace process, factors accounting for continuous dialogue failure and finally has suggested recommendations to resolve the conflict. One important aspect of the conflict that it is examined and critically studied in the context of oil and gas politics in Central Asia Region
War against terrorism or War for terrorism
No full textWar against terrorism is a cliché in the twenty-first century. This paper focuses on the hypothesis that the on-going war against terrorism is infact a war forterrorism. As it is usually considered that America is the only superpower therefore, balance of power in the world suits America. It should not go against any other nation. Contrary to this, it is waging war against weaker nations and spreading terror by killing, maiming and threatening innocent people of Afghanistan and Iraq and admonishing Iran, and South Korea. America is not ready to look into the reality even republicans have lost midterm elections held in November 2006. American foreign policy is still pursuing its designs of capturing world economic resources in the name of so-called war against terrorism. It is infact, a war for terrorism. That is a direct corollary of American fear of becoming impoverished economically in future. It is preparing itself to have a sustainable economic development that based on fulfilling the needs and demands of the present generations without depleting the needs and demands of the future generation. Pursuing such ventures will have an impact on Asia and especially on South Asia
Determinants of Corruption and its Relation to GDP: (A Panel study)
No full textThis paper investigates the determinants of corruption, and highlights its relation to the growth. The corruption index is taken from Transparency International. We used the more recent data set from 1995 to 2005. First part of the study is based on determinants of corruption. The empirical results indicate that real GDP per capita, secondary school enrolment, public spending on education, FDI, and unemployment rate are important determinants of corruption. Through combination of these variables we can change the level of corruption. Second part of the study is based on the relationship between corruption and level of GDP per capita and growth of GDP in Barro regression. The results indicate that corruption is more relevant tolevel of GDP per capita
Political Information Sharing through Facebook: A survey of Pakistani Netizens
No full textPeople engage in online political debates through Facebook and online politicalinformation sharing leads to offline political participation. This study aims toanalyse the use and influence of Facebook on the information-sharing practices of Pakistani netizens. A quantitative research design based on an online questionnaire survey was used to collect data from Pakistani netizens who were also active users of Facebook. Data showed that the majority of the respondents positively used Facebook during an election to enhance their political knowledge and participation. They also forwarded political information and influenced their friends to vote for a specific candidate in the election. The Facebook campaign had a positive influence on election results as well as the turnout of the election. Findings also revealed that demographic factors of respondents did not have any effect on their information sharing practices during a general election. Moreover, caution should be exhibited to avoid posting derogatory and appalling comments and fake news. The use of Facebook among educated netizens in the Pakistani General election may fill the gap in the psephology and context of a developing country. Findings may apply to other developing countries with similar contexts
Provincial Mapping of Militancy in Pakistan1
No full textThis study posits various forms of militant manifestation in Pakistan at the provincial level in order to identify distinct factors of militancy in Pakistan. In this context, militants in Pakistan are formally structured groups based mainly on religious and ethnic identities. Religious and sectarian indoctrination, the rise of extremism along with issues of poverty, illiteracy, and socio-economic factors have contributed to the rise of militant activities across the country. The nature of militancy differs across the provinces in terms of their tactical capability, recruitment and organizational base. This piece of descriptive and exploratory research intends to map out variant forms of militancy that exist across Pakistanwith different intensities and factors. Though the activities and strongholds of militants in Pakistan have been drastically reduced after operation Zarb e Azb and Raddul Fassad but the presence of militants in certain pockets explicates their strong roots and networking. Consequently, it is being observed that religious, ethnic, sectarian, and external support to some militant groups are driving factors of militancy in Pakistan that in turn becomes a major challengeto the national security of Pakistan
First Three Years of President Musharraf
No full textIt has been a little more than three yeas since General Pervez Musharraf deposed the elected but widely disliked government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. The general took over the reins of power ostensibly as a "care taker." In a departure from past practice, he did not declare martial law in Pakistan. To suit this role, he adopted a new title, Chief Executive, shunning the customary title of Chief Martial Law Administrator that he had been used by prior military rulers. He projected the image of a thoroughly professional soldier, committed to brining "true democracy" to Pakistan