UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
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Identity Crisis and Rights in Trouble: Transgenders in Islamic Republic of Pakistan
No full textTransgenders have been facing grim situations since ages and in Pakistan since its inception. They have been murdered, raped, sexually abused, physically victimized, and discriminated in all fields of life. In wake of their grievances Supreme Court of Pakistan has laid down a milestone whereby they are recognised as subduct of human rights and allowed them to be a part of mainstream of society. However, atinstitutional level in Pakistan, whether it relates to education, health, or any otherdomain, it needs severe scrutiny for the implementation of the rights given totransgenders. Moreover, society as a whole, needs a big transition and drastic change of behaviours to be receptive and inclusive, so that the complexes faced bythe transgenders through centuries be redressed and cured
Issues of Shia Hazara Community of Quetta, Balochistan: An Overview
No full textThe issue of Hazara community living in Quetta has become vulnerable in thecontemporary era. It has been observed that a major number of people from Shia Hazara community have been killed in different suicide attacks, particularly in Quetta and generally in other areas of the province. The contribution of Hazara community has remained positive in the development of Balochistan particularly and overall in the development of country. They did contribute in Bureaucracy, military, education, health and in different other administrative departments. Economically this community is perceived as a prosperous community but during past many years they have faced different sectarian incidents which have created a negative impact on the development of this community. They have been facing different problems in the field of education, health and in earning their livelihood. In this article researcher will critically evaluate various problems of this community and provide recommendations to address their actual grievances
Influencer Marketing on Instagram: Effects of Promotional Posts on Purchasing Behavior of Consumers
No full textCelebrities around the world have huge followers who trust their words andexperiences. Marketing with the involvement of celebrities act as aristocracy inincrease consumers behavior of buying product. Given study was intent to found the effects of promotional posts with influencer marketing through Instagram onpurchasing behavior of cosumers. Experiemental research design was use toexperiment the phenomenon for patterns of behavior, livingness and rate of buying increase with influencer marketing on Instagram. Instagram users were selected as sample of the study and 203 participants were selected as sample using convenient sampling technique. Self-Constructed questionnaire was used to collect responses of the participants after checking reliability and validity of the questionnaire through piloting. Participants demographic characteristic were measured for getting standard deviation, mean, frequency and percentages. Product Moment Correlation analysis of association between two variables was followed to found relationship between influencer marketing on Instagram and purchasing behavior of consumers. Univariate analysis of variance within group for the effects of promotional marketing with influencer on Instagram was carried out. Results of the study revealed that there was significant positive correlation between consumers purchasing behavior and influencer marketing on Instagram. There was also found significant differences in mean and variance between two groups on the effects of influencer marketing through Instagram professional posts
Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intentions in relation to Perceived Organizational Politics in Punjab University administrative staff
No full textJob satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intentions are the outcomes of perceived organizational politics and the impact of these variables was studied among Punjab University administrative staff. It was hypothesized that perceived organizational politics has negative relationship with job satisfaction, organizational commitment and it has positive relationship with turnover intentions. The sample comprised of 200 administrative staff working in University of the Punjab. Four scales were used to measure above relationships.Perception of Organizational Politics Scale (Kacmar & Carlson, 1997) Job Satisfaction Scale (Macdonald & Maclntyr, 1997) Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (Porter & Smith, 1979) and The Turnover Intention Scale (Camman, Fichman, Jenkins & Klesh, 1979) were used to assess the variables. Results revealed that perceived organizational politics have a negative relationship with job satisfaction and organizational commitment and positive relationship with turnover intentions. This Study has many implications for the administrative staff of University of the Punjab and for the similar organizations or institutes like University of the Punjab. These organizations and institutes can arrange seminars and workshops in order to lower down the politics in the offices and to increase their job satisfaction and commitment. Employees should be told about the positive aspects of the institutions and universities to decrease their turnover intentions. This would enhance their productivity of work and will lower down the negative attitudes towards the work
Nuclear Security Dilemma of Pakistan
No full textThe issue of nuclear escalation is neither simple, nor straightforward in the context of the South Asian region. This is mainly because this region is a home to two inherently rival nuclear states. Nuclear equation in South Asia is not quite simple to comprehend the changing political and strategic scenario of this region. After 1998, both India and Pakistan moved towards a stage where slight negligence and irresponsible behavior can result huge devastation in the entire region. Moreover, the risk of attaining the nuclear material through espionage in both states can lead to a disastrous outcome where the non state actors andthe terrorist organizations are operating to challenge the status quo. Nuclear weapons ensure the security of the state on one hand and on the other, risk of nuclear war casts a deep shadow over the region. Both India and Pakistan has to think out of box solutions to lessen the dangers of a nuclear holocaust. The study concludes that existing nuclear security culture in Pakistan is appropriate .International community should preempt any situation of escalation between the two, rather than engaging in “firefighting.&rdquo
Withering Hegemony of US and Evolving De-centered Globalism: A Theoretical account
No full textIn this essay theoretical description has been applied to explicate that the days of American Unilateralism are gone and now the other potential actors are catching up with American supremacy. American hegemony declared by advocates of hegemonic stability theory as indispensable for stable and prosperous world doesn’t hold water anymore. Balance of power theory explains the balancing behavior triggered off by other rising powers when their interests are threatened by a single superpower. Power transition theory sounds out that now power is gradually shifting from West to East
Tourism downfall: sectarianism an apparent major cause, in GilgitBaltistan (GB), Pakistan
No full textA study survey was conducted in Gilgit-Baltistan, to investigate the major cause of rapid turn down in the inflow of tourists, which has adversely affected the tourism sector, since last decade. We analyzed tourists’ inflow data, obtained from Foreign Registration Office, Gilgit. A significant reduction, in tourist inflow data, was observed since 1998, when inflow was 1, 13,399 tourists, with minimum inflow i.e., 2,000 tourists in 2002, and 2,544 in 2009. Further, the linkage of this reduction in tourist inflow with sectarianism, was investigated by conducting surveys on cultural diversity; influences of sectarian clashes; war andterror; and consequent changes in the ratio of incoming tourists, to reach the final conclusion. The findings of our study showed, that the prolonged local sectarian clashes seem to be the major causes of tourism down fall. In addition to the sectarian clashes, political instability; and war against terrorism in country, are the apparent causes, which contribute to unconstructive marketingfor the distressed area. Revitalization of collapsed tourism sector and opening of sustainable community-based ecotourism initiatives through reformed policies, that address the mountain concerns and cooperative action of all stakeholders, can tackle challenges for tourism, which will ultimately root out unfavorable circumstances that cause tension in this region
Changing Perspectives of Nigeria Political Development: From militarism to incumbency and godfatherism
No full textNigeria is one of the neo colonial and developing nations of the third world. The military ruled Nigeria between 1966 to 1979; 1984 to 1999. Military dominance in Nigeria politics has in no small measure impacted negatively on the politicaldevelopment of Nigeria. Therefore political development of Nigeria has been going at a snail speed not only due to frequent military incursion in government but also due to many other impediments which include ethnicity, incumbency politics, tenure elongation, godfatherism and poor political orientation The paper which is theoretical and persuasive examined all these factors critically and recommended among other things that National Assembly should pass a law to make elective office a single tenure. The economy of Nigeria should be organized to make it more productive and also to devise a vision of society within which each person can reasonably perceive that equity and social justice are firmly on the national agenda. To eradicate ethnic politics in Nigeria efforts should be made towards equitable distribution of social, political and economic gains of the polity. Finally efforts should be made to enforce the section of the constitution that dwelt on the formation of political parties that are devoid of ethnicity
Concerns of Balochistan: Effects and Implications on Federation of Pakistan
No full textOne of the most serious threats to the federation of Pakistan is the rising insurgency in Balochistan. Although, geographically this is the largest province, demographically it is the smallest and the most under-developed federating unit. An overview of under-development in Balochistan reveals the alarming situation which needs to be tackled by the government on top priority basis. Over the years, the deprivation amongst Balochis has caused a number of uprisings against the federal government. Resultantly, time to time various governmentshave carried out military operations to curtail these insurgent movements. Unfortunately, being kept away from the mainstream politics of Pakistan, the Balochis have a number of serious grievances, which over the time have developed into nationalistic feelings posing threats to the federation of Pakistan. The growing resentment among the local population calls for greater control over its own resources, more autonomy, role in mega projects, issues of outside settlers, missing persons and extremism. This paper is an attempt to analyzethese issues. It also suggests some measures for improvement
SOUTH ASIAN RESPONSE TO THE WAR ON TERROR
No full textFive years after the U.S. led war on terror, it is time to analyze the response ofSouth Asian countries to the efforts of international coalition to deal with the menace of terrorism. Since September 11, 2001 when terrorism per se got substantial recognition amidst the U.S. led drive against Al-Qaeda, the issue of terrorism in South Asia was viewed differently. Although, almost all the countries of South Asia had suffered enormously from the lethal implications of terrorism prior to the events of September 11, 2001, it was primarily Indo-Pak divergent perceptions on terrorism, which indicated different strategies pursued by New Delhi and Islamabad to deal with the issue of terrorism