UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
Not a member yet
2915 research outputs found
Sort by
حسن منظر كے افسانوں میں سائنس فكشن كے عناصر
No full textFiction is a genre, which we find as a reality around our lives. In this article, we also talk about the definations of science fiction and the work of science fiction in urdu as well we analyze the two short stories of Dr. Hassan Manzar, which are based on science fiction, are “Akhri admi” and “Zameen ka noha”
Criticism on Akbar’s Poetry in The First Half of Twentieth Century
No full textAkbar Allahabadi is a renowned poet of 20th century. He is considered amongst initial critics of neo-colonialism. He was not like a boring critic, rather he used humor and mockery as a tool for criticism. Referring to his humor and mockery, he is the very first example of his own style. As his poetry was innovative by thought and unique by technique, he was started to being criticized in his life and this criticism is still in practice. In this article, the criticism regarding Akbar is analyzed which was written during the first half of 20th century (1901-1950). The number of critical essays is more than the number of critical books on Akbar in the mentioned period. All these led to set the trend of criticism on Akbar in upcoming period. Some of the critics of Akbar in said period were in his favor, some were against, some misunderstood Akbar and some interpreted these misunderstandings. It shows the depth of Akbar’s poetry which occasionally is not reveled in first reading. In this article, all these points are tried to be analyzed briefly. اکبر الہ آبادی بیسویں صدی کی شاعری کا نمایاں نام ہے۔ان کا شمار نوآبادیاتی نظام کے اولین ناقدین میں ہوتا ہے ۔ وہ کوئی خشک نقاد نہیں بلکہ انہوں نے تنقید کا فریضہ سر انجام دینے کے لیے طنز و ظرافت کو اپنا ہتھیار بنایا۔ طنز و ظرافت کے حوالے سے بھی وہ اپنی طرز کے پہلے شاعر ہیں۔چونکہ ان کا کلام موضوع کے اعتبار سے نیا اور فن کے اعتبار سے منفرد تھا اس لیے ان پہ ان کی حیات میں ہی تنقیدی تحاریر کا سلسلہ چل نکلا جو آج ان کی وفات کی ایک صدی بعد بھی ہنوز جاری ہے۔ زیر نظر مقالہ میں نقدِ اکبر سے متعلقہ ان دستاویز ات کا تجزیہ پیش کیا گیا ہے جو بیسویں صدی کے نصف اول (۱۹۰۱ تا ۱۹۵۰) کے دورانیے میں تحریر کی گئیں۔ ان دستاویزات میں غالب تعداد مضامین کی ہے تاہم کچھ کتب بھی اس دائرے میں آتی ہیں۔ اس دور میں تحریر کی گئی دستاویزات نے آئندہ دور میں نقدِ اکبر کی راہ ہموار کی۔ اکبر کے اس دور کے ناقدین میں ان کے حمایتی اور ان کے حریف ہر دو طرح کے ناقد ملتے ہیں۔ علاوہ ازیں اکبر کی بابت بعضوں کے ہاں مغالطے اور بعضوں کے ہاں ان مغالطوں کی تصحیح ملتی ہے جس سے یہ ظاہر ہوتا ہے کہ کلامِ اکبر تہہ دار ہے اور بعض اوقات ایک ہی نشست میں اس کی تہہ تک پہنچنا ممکن نہیں رہتا۔ مقالہ ہذاا میں ناقدین کی ان تمام موشگفافیوں کا اجمالی جائزہ پیش کرنے کی سعی کی گئی ہے۔ 
سعادت حسین منٹو كی رہینِ حیات مطبوعہ كتب
No full textSaadat Hasan Manto is acknowledged as one of the finest 20th century Urdu writers. From the beginning to the end of his literary career,he publiished about thirty-three books,which includes short stories, novels, radiio plays, sketches, essays and comics.Most publishers have toyed with these books. Apart from this,Manto himself revised many short stories and included them in other books with many changes. The purpose of this article is to show the changing landscape of Manto's books from one publication to another during his lifetime
Advanced innovations in the field of food packaging – a review
No full textThe goal of any packaging for fresh muscle meals is to stop or postpone unfavorable changes to the food’s flavor, texture, odor, and appearance. Consumer rejection of the eatable products as a result of these features deteriorating might cause economic loss. In order to prevent unwanted enzyme activities, a preservative package should ideally prevent interference with or inhibition of good enzyme activities. Preferably, non-enzymatic processes that alter the organoleptic properties of raw meats should be slowed down or avoided by preservative packaging because they are generally undesirable. The ever-increasing worldwide population causes a rise in food consumption, which in turn boosts the international market for packaging materials. Food packaging innovations will assist to fulfill the changing demands of food packing. This article emphasizes areas where active and intelligent packaging techniques are being used for the storage of fruit in the food sector. Food packaging is not only an artistic way to enclose or wrap a food product (meat, nonmeat, and marine foods), but it also offers some limited protection against food degradation. Although packaging may not enhance a product’s current quality, it should support the maintenance of that quality throughout storage, transportation, and degradation. Particularly the flexible packaging is very carefully created to carry out a variety of functions aimed at providing food to us in an appealing, secure, and practical way. In order to improve safety, side-by-side active packaging materializes as a technology. The creation of environmentally friendly packaging materials based on biopolymers has been the subject of numerous recent studies. Additionally, because they have the capacity to transport various active substances, biopolymers can be categorized as active packaging materials. The most recent information on the use of biopolymers in packaging materials is presented in this review
Synthesis and Characterization of Biomedical Hydrogels by Using Chemically Modified Biopolymers for Drug Delivery Application
No full textThe aim of this research work was to develop a chemically cross-linked polymer-based hydrogel that is environmentally benign, economic, and pH sensitive. PVA mixed with Alginate and cross-linked with tetraethyl ortho silicate (TEOS). Alginate/PVA based hydrogel was synthesized for controlled drug delivery systems. The characterization of hydrogel was done by different techniques FTIR, SEM, TGA, and UV-VIS Spectroscopy. Surface morphology of hydrogel was checked by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal stability of hydrogel was checked by Thermo gravimetric Analysis (TGA). A linkage between polymers of hydrogel was detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). It was found that hydrogel is porous which plays a key role in swelling. The swelling of hydrogel is checked in diverse solutions such as aqueous, electrolytic and pH (buffer as well as non-buffer solution). The swelling of hydrogel is maximum at low pH and minimum at high pH. The hydrogel was loaded with two different drugs, Sitagliptin and Ciprofloxacin HCl. For In-vitro release study both the drugs were selected as modal drug and studied in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). In SIF Sitagliptin release 99% in 180 minutes. The Ciprofloxacin HCl shows 98.8% release in SIF for 5 hours. So, Ciprofloxacin HCl and Sitagliptin both the drugs were compatible with Alginate/PVA hydrogel which is determined from drug release study of drugs
INFLUENCER MARKETING ON SOCIAL MEDIA: EXPLORING THE ROLE OF SOURCE CREDIBILITY IN GENERATING PARA SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND PRODUCT INTEREST
Get PDFThe purpose of this research is to examine the relation of influencer credibility with product interest through the mediation of para-social relationships. Influencer credibility was measured through the constructs of expertise, attractiveness, trustworthiness, and similarity. By making a conceptual framework and then evaluating it, this research tries to fill the theoretical gaps about the study variables in a digital influencing context. A questionnaire was developed based on items from available literature about the study variables. The target respondents of the study were social media users from Pakistan who are also users of various brands. The data analysis was conducted using the Process “Macro by Hayes” model 4 in SPSS. Key findings show that the credibility of a source is important for building parasocial relationships and product interest. All the hypotheses were supported showing the immense importance of influences in brand Marketing in the current era. The underpinning theory of this study is the source credibility theory which is supported by our findings. The study also opens new avenues for future research including the application of the model in e-commerce and business-to-business sectors of the industry. The results of this research will also help brand managers and digital marketers design their promotional campaigns through the endorsement of online influencers.Key words: Parasocial relationships; Influencers; Social media; Expertise, Credibilityhttps://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.43 
DO DIFFERENT SECTORS AFFECT EQUITY RISK PREMIUMS IN EMERGING MARKETS? EVIDENCE FROM ASIA
Get PDFThis paper explores intricacies of the higher equity risk premia of emerging Asian economies within the context of industrial composition. The conventional ex-post empirical analysis is executed to scrutinize the impact of industries on the country's stock performance, diverging from the contemporary literature on finance, which was restricted to "total market indexes." By utilizing the DataStream’s Total Return Indices (TRIs) data of emerging market industries, this study highlights the contribution of various industries towards higher equity risk premiums across prominent Asian emerging countries. The study unearths several salient empirical findings. Primarily, the study confirms the "high-volatile high-performance nature" in conjunction with the time-varying dynamics of excess returns for emerging markets at the industry level. Secondly, the study's findings identify the industries accountable for the most significant contribution to higher stock premia of emerging markets at both the country and dynamic context levels. Thirdly, we observe that certain industries demonstrate greater exposure to global factors than others. It is, therefore, argued that these observations provide a crucial indication for international portfolio diversification. The investigation of diversification opportunities due to the impact of global factors on country indexes, and the existence of some industries that offer little but advantageous insurance components provide valuable insights for the higher equity premia of emerging markets. The overall study findings suggest that foreign portfolio investors must not only diversify across countries but also across industries to generate augmented returns in emerging stock markets. Keywords: Emerging Stock Premia; Industrial Excess Returns; Time-dependent Performances; Asian Emerging Marketshttps://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.4
THE IMPACT OF WORK-LIFE CONFLICT AND DUAL-CAREER COUPLE ON JOB SATISFACTION WITH THE MODERATING ROLE OF PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT
Get PDFThe major intent of this research is to inspect the impact of work-life conflict, job stress and work overload of dual-career life partners on job contentment and how perceived organizational support moderates their relationship. We collected data from 170 employees of different organizations and companies in the capital city Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Moderation regression inspection was used to get results from the data and close-ended and adopted questionnaires were used in order to collect data. Analysis findings described that work overload, job stress and work-life conflict have a negative impact on job satisfaction in dual-profession couples. And if the organization provides support, then these problems may reduce. This study helps and guides managers, policymakers and market leaders in order to develop a flexible and supportive organizational culture to boost their workers’ job contentment. The data we collected for this study was mainly from two cities in Pakistan, Islamabad and Rawalpindi. So we are not able to generalize this study to the whole country. Other researchers and investigators may target other problems of dual-career professionals and they can target other cities’ populations. Keywords: Job satisfaction; Dual-career couples; Perceived organizational support; Work overload; Job stress; Work-life conflicthttps://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.36 
THE EFFECT OF ISLAMIC WORK ETHICS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AND COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIOR: EXAMINING THE ROLE OF JOB SATISFACTION
Get PDFThe current research investigated “the effect of Islamic work ethics on employee performance and counterproductive work behavior with job satisfaction as a moderator between Islamic work ethics and employee performance as well as counterproductive work behavior”. This study was conducted in light of the other-orientation theory. This is empirical, quantitative and survey-based research and data was collected from 350 employees of different banks in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Analysis of the data was done using SPSS and AMOS and hypotheses were tested through the regression analysis process. Results indicated that Islamic work ethics have a positive relationship with Employee performance and a negative relationship with Counterproductive Work Behavior. The result of the research indicated that management and responsible authorities should promote Islamic work ethics among employees in order to enhance their satisfaction and high performance.Keywords: Islamic work ethics; Job Satisfaction; Employee Performance; Counterproductive work behavior; Other Orientation Theoryhttps://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.35 
Assessing the Potential of ICT Education at Secondary Schools in Pakistan: A Comparative Study
Get PDFThis paper corresponds to the assessment of potential of ICT education at secondary schools in Pakistan. In this esteem, paper has twofold objectives. The first and foremost objective is to assess and cross compare the students’ potential towards learning ICT in public and private sector schools. In doing so, employing a variant of survey methodology comprised of orientation classes and subsequent objective type tests, the study elucidates that whilst the students at both sites demonstrate much potential and enthusiasm towards learning ICT, the potential of students of public schools is relatively much lower than the students of private schools. Accordingly, the second objective of this study is to determine the possible causes of lower potential for ICT education at public schools. In this regard, through expert interviews with the heads of schools, the study reveals several financial, human, physical, and information related factors that ground the lower potential for ICT education. As a conclusion, the study aids the government, school administration, and other education policy makers in understanding the needs of schools regarding ICT education, and provides the basis for envisaging the improvement plans and new initiatives for enhancing the ICT adoption, implementation, learning, and management at all secondary schools.