UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
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The Role of Kashmiri Diaspora in Conflict Transformation
No full textGlobalization has played a crucial role in growing number of migrants across theworld. These migrants have been seen as a significant diplomatic and development agent in both their origin and host countries. Kashmiri migrants across the world have assumed importance in diplomatic discourse and transformation of their long-standing dispute. However, efforts by Jammu & Kashmir governments to engage the diaspora in conflict have not been followed by formulation and implementation of appropriate policies and strategies. There appears to be an unspoken mistrust between the intentions of governments and the members of Kashmiri diaspora, which has resulted in their low utilization. Subsequently, there is a need to create an interpretative framework to advocate and effectively engage the diaspora. Therefore, the diaspora should be consulted in national action plans and diplomatic initiatives to integrate and to stimulate their sustainable role in the protracted conflict of Kashmir. 
New Delhi Response to Beijing ‘BRI’ Project: A Lucid connection with Chinese “String of Pearls”
No full textIndian percepts of China are biased by dread of Chinese hegemony; at present, many individuals in Indian security establishment has positioned China a greater menace than ever before. This paper investigates Sino-India relationship and Indian responses to Chinese ‘OBOR’ (One Belt, One Road) project by examining the extent and nature of their relationship within the diplomatic, geopolitical, economic, and defense spheres. There is power struggle between China and India for the dominance on Indian Ocean. The Indians perceive Chinese Maritime Silk Road projects as Indian encirclement with the development of ports projects in Indian Ocean, which are part of Chinese “String of Pearls” strategy. Chinese military naval ships and submarine presence in the number of ports around the Indian Ocean has made India anxious, the Indian policy experts perceive it as a threat to their national security and interest. From the Chinese perspective, ‘String of Pearls’ is a doctrine to free China from its Malacca dilemma. In Foreign Policy, the beginning of wisdom is to understand what the other party conceives, and why. And this is just as important for our Chinese friends as for the Indians
India-China Relations: Conflict and Cooperation in Indo-Pacific Region
No full textFrom the last three decades, the Indo-Pacific has been a central theme in the global geopolitical scenario. India, China, and several other rising powers have shifted the balance of power. Thus, Indo-Pacific region marks instability and uncertainty especially caused by consistent crises of the world economy. In the present globalized era, both India and China are paramount drivers of the global economy. They are simultaneously reacting to this shifted balance of power in Indo-Pacific region. The actions of China and India towards each other and especially in Indo-Pacific region have significantly changed in last decades. At present, the Indian government has started to focus on Indo-Pacific region. The Trump Administration has focused India to contain China in Indo-Pacific region. At that moment, the Indo-Pacific region has thus become more important region than ever before. The geo-strategic significance of the Indo-Pacific region has attracted the main global-powers to preserve their strategic interests in this region. So, the Indo-Pacific has got enormous significance in the present context. From the last few years, the region has got international acknowledgment. The US`s Asia-pivot policy and China’s ‘String of Pearl’ policyhave been focusing on India. The geopolitical importance of the Indo-Pacific region has dragged the western powers to counterweight growing Chinese power. That’s why; Indo-Pacific has shaped the new subject of divergence between China and India. Yet, there is no need to undermine the enlarging economic relations between the two big nations of Asia. This study also examines that how US and Pakistan are affecting the bilateral India-China relations. The study observes that how India and China satisfying their strategic interests in the Indo-Pacific region. Thus, the study tries to find out the new issues of cooperation and conflict between the two nations. Thus, the study tries to find out the new issues of cooperation and conflict between the two nations
Rise of the Far-right Groups in Trump’s America Pr
No full textIn the wake of Donald Trump's assent to presidency, a congenial environmentemerged for the rise of far-right groups in the United States of America. These farright groups - dormant earlier - are not only resurfaced but they seem to be occupying central position in the political milieu of the United States of America. Elements of Islamophobia, xenophobia and nativism seem prevalent in Trump's presidency. Such an environment is sharpening the cracks in the land of immigrants. Hence, this research intends to find the causes of the rise of far right hate groups in America; what are the implications of this rise for American society; to avert further segregation and division of American society, how multiculturalism can be used as a tool to reconcile with the force of far-right hate groups; and to find out the institutional response to the hate crimes committed by affiliates of different hate groups. The research also intends to comprehend how to deal with these hate groups. Hence, in order to study the phenomenon, Qualitative Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) has been employed to semi-structured interviews of a purposive convenient sample suggesting some policy guidelines and solution to the problem
Ethnic Conflict in Karachi: Diagnosing and Conflict Resolution
No full textKarachi represents a multi-dimensional intra-state conflict that has claimed thousands of innocent lives due to rampant ethnic, political, sectarian and criminal violence. Gauging the origins and development of the ethnic conflict in Karachi, it seems that the city has seen different patterns of ethnic conflict and violence during the last 70 years of Pakistan‟s independence. This study is dedicated to evaluate and assess different stages of ethnic conflicts in Karachi by applying Conflict Life Cycle Model. The model entails seven stages of conflict formation and management and finally resolution. Though unique, Karachi has passed through almost all stages of the conflict formation but missed the most mature stage of conflict ripeness i.e. Mutually Hurting Stalemate stage, which often encourages conflict actors to seek a way out through negotiation or peace process. This paper suggests a sustainable conflict management and resolution mechanism to the ethnic conflict in Karachi
Stateless Rohingyas: From Crosshair to Crossroads
No full textThe distressing ethno-demographic conflict in Myanmar is a sordid reality of recent human history. The two ethnic groups; Buddhists and Rohingyas (mainly Muslims) living in North Westerly state (Rakhine State) are at daggers drawn with each other since last many decades. History of this intra-state conflict dates back to British colonization of Burma in 1824. The widespread state sponsored persecution of Rohingya community after Myanmar‟s independence in 1948 has created waves of ethnic and political instability one after the other. Few contributory causes of the conflict include; systematic denial of citizenship rights, restrictions on freedom of movement, absence of healthcare facilities and deprivation of education for Rohingya community. The most serious of all is denial of citizen rights which has rendered the community stateless. The prolonged sufferings at the hands of majority population (Buddhists) have forced this stateless community to contemplate carving out a separate autonomous state by seceding from Myanmar. This resulted in creating gulf of distrust between both the parties triggering a major intrastate conflict in South Asia.The conflict lifecycle has witnessed many rounds of violence resulting in hugedestruction of life and property. This article examines regional repercussions of recent cycle of violence and suggests few conflict resolution strategies
Institutional Complexity of Civil Service Reforms in Pakistan: Challenges and Impediments
No full textOver the last two decades, there is an increasing trend of structural reforms in the administrative system of South Asian countries. In this region, the traditionalbureaucratic model of public administration prevails in retrospection of colonial and postcolonial periods (Haque, 2003). The new agenda is to transform the traditional public sector model with business-like practices in line with the current global movement for such a transition. The central theme of this paper revolves around the institutional complexity faced by public sector organizations in line with institutional pressures. It also explicates how organizations respond to the complexity created by multiple and conflicting logics. This paper explores institutional complexity of federal training institutions of Pakistan by investigating the way these organization adopted the new proposed logic of civil service reforms. It describes how new management practices are introduced in training institutions and how well they are interpreted and adopted by these organizations. This study is based on 18 semi structured interviews from the senior and middle line management of federal training institutions. Participants are purposively selected as unit of observation and data is analyzed by using thematic analysis. In this regard, this study presents a scientific insight to federal training institutions and their adoption of market logic. Cultural institutional perspective has appeared to have high explanatory power to explain this phenomenon. This paper argues that organizational characteristics like size, its position in the field, its legal entity, and its linkages with the ministry are important determinants while studying relationships between complexity and organizational responses. The paper recommends further empirical research on the current topic by linking organizational responses to institutional complexity to organizational outcomes and to contextualize these findings in other settings
Local Democracy as an Instrument for Socio-Political Change: The Case of Turkey
No full textThe study focuses the rise of Erdoğan and his strategy towards restoring the traditional Islamic face of Turkish society without antagonizing its European neighbors and avoiding direct confrontation with the dominant Secular Nationalist Troika. The four consecutive landslide victories for Justice and Development Party (AKP) in national as well as in local government elections have legitimized Erdoğan’s initiatives. The study argues that it was only local democracy that first enabled Erdoğan to take initiatives like banning public nudity, restricting consumption of alcohol in public places and allowing women to wear head scarf according to Islamic criteria even in the Europeanized city like Istanbul and later on, raised Erdoğan to the rank of President of Turkey where he amended the national constitution and narrowed the role of military and state Judiciary in political and administrative affairs of Turkey. The study draws a conclusion that when the national political environment of a highly centralized state is dominated by specific political elites in such a way that new forces don’t have any space to emerge and challenge the status quo than the political institutions at local levels can be used, beyond their normative assignments, forinfluencing the socio-political behavior of society in desired way
Portrayal of Developed and Under Developed Countries in Tweets of International News Agencies (2010-2016)
No full textIn the context of modern information and communication systems, present study was designed to examine the information and communication imbalances among the developed and under developed countries in tweets of international news agencies during 2010-16. Theoretically, the study takes roots from world system theory and structural imperialism theory. Methodologically, the triangulation of method is used. Firstly, the content analysis was performed on purposively selected tweets of four international news agencies; AFP, AP, Reuters and Xinhua about the 15 sample countries for the period of 7 year from 2010-2016. Further, the social network analysis technique was used to examine the network structures of international news determinants and world countries. This study revealed that core and semi-periphery countries are shared more and framed positively, while periphery countries are shared less and portrayal negatively not only by the international news agencies but also by their followers. Further, it was also found that Reuters’ tweets agenda about core,periphery and semi-periphery countries is different from other news agenciesspecifically from Xinhua. Moreover, study also found that in the tweets ofinternational news agencies the core and semi-periphery countries are covered and shared in context of foreign relations, trade, economy, entertainment, and human interest, while periphery countries are covered and shared with reference to conflicts, disasters, and human rights violations
Pakistan People’s Party and Foreign Policy Priorities: (2008-2013): An Analysis
No full textOwing to the changing dynamics of state relations, scholarly attention has increased toward the domestic policy influence on foreign policy. In this regard, political parties are considered the main drivers in foreign policy formulation in parliamentary democracies. To comprehend the influence of the party on the agenda or formulation of governmental foreign policy, there is a need to examine the link between party manifesto and foreign policy priorities. The case of Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) would be under consideration during the period from 2008-2013. This is an attempt to explore the foreign policy priorities given in the manifesto of Pakistan People’s Party (2008) with its practical implementations. It is observed that dichotomy prevails between the manifesto and practical implementations of PPP’s performance. The government of PPP has remained unsuccessful to implement its foreign policy priorities in true letter and spirit as promised in the party manifesto