UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
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Pre-Pakistan Research Tradition of Urdu Humor and Staire
No full textApart from the senses, the aesthetic and the sense of humor are two special senses that distinguish humans from other animals. With the sense of aesthetics, a person feels the difference between beauty and ugliness, while with the ability of humor, he laughs and laughs. This process is called humor in literature. The process of literary research is indispensable to evaluating literature. Therefore, in this article, instead of the creative tradition, the research tradition of Urdu humor has been investigated. The special thing is that in the article, the tradition of Urdu humor and satire research has been tried in light of the tradition of literary research from the beginning to the establishment of Pakistan. The article presents the correlation and combination of Urdu literary research and humor and satire research
THE CULTURAL BACKGROUND OF LAHORE AND MELA CHIRAGAN
No full textLahore has been of special importance in its geographical, political, economic, cultural, academic, literary and social status since ancient times. This city also has been famous for mosques, shrines, tombs, samadhies, temples, cemeteries, historical buildings, ancient mansions and lost memories. Historically, "Lahore" has been the name of a small town, a city and a province. Where Lahore had the honor of being a city of commercial, scientific and literary importance in India, it was also the place of various civilizations and cultures. It has also been the center of governments, movements and religions. Nothing can be said definitely about the first establishment of Lahore as a city. However, historians and researchers have definitely established their opinions in this regard. In present research paper those opinions have been critically analyzed. The annual Urs of Lahore's ancient Sufi poet Hazrat Shah Hussain Lahori and his disciple Hazrat Madhu Lal Qadri is celebrated not only as a religious devotion and respect but also as a cultural festival. Before the partition, the festival held on the occasion of the annual Urs of Madhu Lal Hussain was the largest cultural gathering of united India. Now it is an important cultural and religious event of Pakistan. In present article different aspects of the topic have been discussed in detail
Zafar al-Mohsin Pirzada's Literary Translations: An Analysis
No full textThe tradition of translation in Urdu literature is not very old but Urdu translation is fast setting its evolutionary stages۔ Most of the translations that have been done so far in Urdu have been from English to Urdu. Zafar al-Mohsin Pirzada's name is particularly noteworthy in urdu translation. Zafar al-Mohsin Pirzada's first translated literary book is by Robert Bolt, who is one of the best play writers in English. Robert wrote a play a “Man for all seasons” in 1960. Zafar al-Mohsin Pirzada translated this book in 2013 which was published from the Institute of Compilation and Translation of Punjab University. The second literary translation is derived from Brazilian writer Paolo Quilo's novel “The Alchemist”. The novel was originally written in Portuguese while Pirzada translated the novel freely from English into Urdu. The purpose of the article under consideration is to examine the literary translations of Zafar al-Mohsin Pirzada intellectually and to highlight the literary importance of these translations and to analyse the subject of these translations. 
The Role of Feministic Dialect in Cultural Context of Urdu Poetry
No full textFeministic dialect in Urdu poetry has a distinct place in the cultural history of the Subcontinent. Urdu poetry has a landmark impacts on widely used feministic dialect in the historical context of the subcontinent. Feministic tone and dialect due its idiomatic expression and eloquent stylistic approach with proverbial phrases has surpassed and superceded the linguistic development of the Urdu Poetry. The contribution of feministic style and dialect paved a way towards the evolution of the distinction of gender class in the mainstream Poetic approach. This article strives to evaluate and analyze the dialectical approach in cultural perspectives. The feministic dialect has largely influenced the language and style of Urdu Poetry. This article is a key attempt to a glancial study in this context
EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS FOR GRADUATES TO JOIN THE BANKING SECTOR IN PAKISTAN
Full text linkThis study aims to identify the employability skills of graduates passionate to join the banking industry in Pakistan. Eleven factors related to employability skills are included explicit knowledge, tacit knowledge, hard skills, soft skills, intellectual abilities, physical abilities, conscientiousness, agreeableness, emotional stability, openness, and extroversion. Managers are requested to indicate the importance of these skills for graduates willing to join the banking industry and share their satisfaction related to the tasks done by the fresh banking graduates under their supervision. The study uses Mean, Standard deviation, One Sample T-test and Coefficient of variation to rank each skill by managers. Results of the study reveal that 'openness', 'tacit knowledge and 'consciousness' ranked in the top three positions as far as the employability skills required in the banking sector, where as 'physical ability’ is ranked lowest. This study's results are imperative for bank managers and educational institutions to guide and train graduate according to the market needs and skills requirements.Keywords: Skills; Abilities; Knowledge; Higher Education; Employability; Banking Industryhttps://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.48 
FOURIER CAUSALITY AND VOLATILITY SPILLOVER PERSPECTIVES TO ANALYZE THE EFFECT OF TERRORISM ON TURKISH AND EUROPEAN STOCK MARKETS
No full textTerrorism has become a curse for most of the underdeveloped economies. Even relatively developed regions like Europe and Turkey are struggling to combat it. Besides the economic and political consequences, terrorist activities also have psychological cost that may reflect in stock market. This study investigates the causal effects of systematic shocks on mean returns and volatility of the general and 14 sectoral indices in Europe and Turkey using contemporary causality tests like Fourier Toda-Yamamoto Causality test (Nazlioglu et al., 2016), Fourier Standard Granger Causality test (Enders and Jones, 2015), and Causality in Variance (Hafner and Herwartz, 2006). Tourism related sectors turn out to be fragile whereas financial sector have significant resilience to terrorist attacks. Moreover, the spillover analysis shows that the Turkish stock market turns out to be more fragile to terrorist attacks in Europe than the other way around. Keywords: Terrorism; Turkish and European Stock Markets; Fourier Causalityhttps://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.4
Language, Identity and the State in Pakistan, 1947-48
No full textThe question of language and identity has been a very contentious issue in Pakistan since its inception. As the creation of Pakistan was predicated on a single 'Muslim nation,' it was easily assumed that this nation would be monolithic and especially only have one common language, which was deemed to be Urdu. However, while Urdu was the lingua franca of the Muslim elite in northern India, in large parts of Muslim India it was almost an alien language. Therefore, the meshing of a religious identity with that of a national identity quickly became a major problem in Pakistan as soon as it was created. Focusing on the first year after its creation, this paper assesses the inception of the language issue in Pakistan in 1947-48. Taking the debate on language in the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan in February 1948, and the subsequent views of the founder and first Governor General of the country, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, during his March 1948 tour of East Bengal, this paper exhibits the fraught nature of the debate on language in Pakistan. It clearly shows how a very small issue was blown out of proportion, setting the stage for the grounding of a language rightsmovement which created unease and resentment in large parts of the country,ultimately leading to its vivisection in 1971
The Concept of White-Collar Crime: Nature, Causes, Political and Legal Aspects in Accountability and Way Forward
No full textThis is admitted fact that the accountability mechanism and legal framework is based on Political will, role of civil society, presence of clean political and democratic governments and corruption free society. However, these elements have never been remained essential in our political and legal systems. In this regard, in third world countries, especially in Pakistan the political leadership and society have surrendered their pivotal role and responsibility being leaders and citizens. The institutions are weak and the society is submissive to elite political power, status and influenced legal framework. In Pakistan the power and authority is not exercised by the institutions but by the individuals. The emergence and advent of the idea of white-collar crime is quite novel in the field of criminology. White collar crime in itself is not new but the generalization of such phenomena and the incorporation of facts concerning attitude, response and unlawful behavior of the upper classes into theories of crime causation isa product of recent efforts (Newman, 1958). The term “white-collar crime” was given by well-known sociologist, Edwin Sutherland during his presentation in 1939 in front of the American Sociological Association. Some critics opined that white-collar crime was imprecisely and lightly defined by Sutherland (Robin, 1974)
The Saga of Candid Political Struggle of Benazir Bhutto to Restore Democracy in Pakistan
No full textIn Pakistan, democracy has been facing multiple challenges since its creation as a newly born state. In these difficult circumstances, the struggle of different political leaders occupies a vital place; particularly to restore democracy. This study encapsulates Benazir Bhutto’s political struggle to restore democracy in Pakistan. It also explores those hardships, problems and challenges that confronted her political acumen and she became victorious while showing dexterity and bravery towards opponent forces. For the restoration of democracy, even the forces of extremism, militancy and military, could not stop her, from her struggle and efforts during her life time. This paper tries to unfold those circumstances and political challenges which required a gigantic task and she equally responded with her courageous will power and fearless attitude for the cause of democracy. Therefore, this article incorporates her personal perceptions of democracy, her struggle in her imprisonment during her early days of political career, her confrontation with dictatorial regime and variouscampaigns to strengthen the PPP and to steer it for the revival of democracy inPakistan. Inspite of various hurdles and difficulties, the PPP was facing leadership crisis and it required Benazir Bhutto’s efforts to transform it; in a more competent political organization. Therefore, the saga of Benazir Bhutto’s political struggle to restore democracy in Pakistan contributed for the democratic norms and values in Pakistan
China’s economic engagement strategy towards Special Economic Zones: from North Korean experiences to CPEC
No full textUnveiled in 2013 by Chinese leader Xi Jinping, the One Belt One Road Initiative(BRI) aims at fostering economic integration in the Indo-Pacific Region and inEurasia through infrastructural developments and policy transfers. In recent years, Chinese economic engagement patterns have been met with increasing skepticism due to their lack of transparency, their sino-centric as well as politically intrusive character. On the other hand, China remains a major contributor to economic and infrastructural development for numerous countries and has proven to be a reliable partner able to deliver on complex projects in limited time. As a consequence, many countries face internal political dilemmas regarding Chinese economic engagement, leading governments and decision-makers to adopt a wide range of attitudes towards Chinese capital and expertise.This paper aims at identifying political dilemmas created by Chinese investments by comparing Chinese economic engagement strategies in BRI‟s flagship project, the China Pakistan Economic Development Corridor, and the ones that failed in BRI‟s “dead-end”: North Korea. While Pakistan and North Korea are very different economies, examining reasons that led the Pyongyang leadership to refuse to join the BRI initiative with current political debates in Pakistan around the CPEC and the “Pak-China Friendship” could help identifying and analyzing some salient features of Chinese economic engagement strategies abroad and the political dilemmas they imply for host countries