UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
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Territorial Dispute with China and Japan in the East China Sea on Senkaku / Diaoyu Islands
Get PDFThe claims of China and Japan on Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands have made East China Sea a centre of global attention. This East China Sea issue is getting international attention due to the strategic agreement between US and Japan. This agreement enables US Navy to establish bases and patrol in the disputed area. China has shown deep concerns on such agreement. China perceives it a territorial threat to her sovereignty. The rich natural resources of island have urged both nations to claim it as theirs. Both nations claim that these islands are their integral part. This claim is supported by historical evidences from both sides. Also both countries want to establish a strong strategic position in Asia-Pacific region. The role of international Law will also be important to resolve this conflict
Neo-Imperialism:A Case Study of China Pakistan Economic Corridor
Get PDFChina Pakistan Economic Corridor is flagship project of 21st century’s biggest infrastructural plan named as One Belt One Road. It is a profit seeking venture which would benefit China and Pakistan both at a great extent but also leaving certain positive and negative implications for latter country. The objective of this paper is to argue that CPEC is more a neo-imperialist strategy of China which might not create win-win outcomes. This project aims at making hold overstrategically important region of South Asia in disguise of development projects. This paper would also provide a philosophical and analytical approach to China’s rise and its strategy of neimperialism. Forecasting technique is applied to explore the prospects and probabilities of CPEC on world stage and international political scenario. The final section of the paper would offer some recommendations to secure the interest of Pakistan in this project so that the sovereignty of the state could be protected in every respect. The methodology selected is the use of both primary and secondary data resources and to conduct a qualitative analysis of literature available on the topic selected
Strategic Importance of CPEC: Prospects and Challenges
Get PDFThe friendship between China and Pakistan has accentuated new bench mark with the culmination of China-Pakistan economic Corridor. A cluster of projects abbreviated as (CPEC) has opened new avenues of cooperation between the two countries. It is believed to be a game changer for Pakistan and Considerable impetus for the Chinese political system. Initially, China promised to invest US 62 billion in 2017. At present the quantum of investment rangesbetween 62b. CPEC consists of networks of roads, Railways, Development of Gawadar Port, Construction of special industrial zones and energy oriented projects. Gawadar Port and Kashgar City have been the connecting points of this project. The in depth study of CPEC has reflected certain challenges parallel to numerous benefits for both countries. The 3000 KM long route will ensure shortened trade pathway for China and great impetus to the bewildering economy of Pakistan. Besides this, concrete infrastructure, Pakistan will get 10400 MW electricity in short term Goals and further 22000 MW in long term targets of CPEC. This research paper aims to study the prospects and potential challenges associated with this corridor for both China and Pakistan. The strategic importance of CPEC has been unearthed as well. Qualitative research design with historical/Analytical approach has been employed to study the central Theme
Indo- Afghan Nexus: Implications for Pakistan (2001- 2014)
Get PDFAfghanistan, unlike India and Pakistan, has never been colonized throughout its history. People of Afghanistan have always enjoyed cordial relations with the people of undivided sub-continent. However, the creation of a new state „Pakistan‟ was considered as both, a threat and a geographical de linkage between the people of Afghanistan and India. Both Indo- Afghan strengthen their bi-lateral relations through the treaty of friendship 1950. On the contrary, Afghanistan was the only country to vote against Pakistan‟s admission to United Nations Organization. Despite of lingual, cultural and religious ties, Pak- Afghan relations failed to form strong basis. Since the emergence of Pakistan, India has been engaged in derailing Pakistan‟s stability and security through its multidimensional approaches. India‟s aim to isolate Pakistan in its neighbors is aserious implication for Pakistan. Indian consulates in Kandahar and Jalalabad near the PakAfghan border have further raised serious concerns for Pakistan about the Indian presence in Afghanistan. The US war against terror campaign and Pakistan‟s policy reversal against Taliban grew severe resentments among the Afghan Taliban against Pakistan. This article analyzes the Indian designs and its involvement in Afghanistan which directly affects the security and stabilityof Pakistan
Majority’s Authority? Ethnicity and Democracy in South Asia
Get PDFIn most political science literature, democracy is usually equated with majority rule. It is often regarded as the best practice for protecting and promoting human rights in a society. This paper evaluates this approach critically with specific reference to majority rule in plural societies to contend that majority rule can prove to be undemocratic and destabilizing. Majoritarian democracy in such societies provides an institutional context for conflict between ethnic groupsthrough processes of exclusion and discrimination, which ultimately lead to exacerbated claims and reclaims of nationalism and nationalist tendencies. The practice of privileging one ethnic identity and regarding others as subservient leads to ethnic majoritarianism, which, specifically in case of plural societies, results in dissimilatory and exclusionary state policies that create dissentand dissatisfaction among the minority ethnic groups. The paper examines three case studies, the case of Tamils in Sri Lanka, Sindhis in Pakistan and Tamils in India to substantiate these claims and question the practice of ethnic majoritarianism in these states. The role of the state in creating and maintaining strong ethnic identities is examined and it is concluded that although ethnicmajoritarianism has hindered the progress of democracy in plural societies, the possibility does exist and is achievable by means of more inclusionary and assimilationist policies
Impact of Radicalism on Indo-Pakistan relations: A Historical Analysis (Academic Framework, Drivers and Solutions)
Get PDFThe relationship between Two Competitors Pakistan and India has been overwrought by frequent antique and geopolitical events since their inception in 1947. Rational Commands of chief executives of these States can prevent their soil from confrontation, mistrust, and uncertainty just by executing unprejudiced and fair Run-through but regrettably, in case of India & Pakistan both contenders inhabit hysteria and revulsion in legacy, moreover their willpower to elucidate staple issues has been always substandard. This research paper not only diagnoses various inter-state problems (Kashmir, Water, Cross border terrorism) but also shares different effective solutions to these glitches. An exploratory and qualitative research design is applied while developing this research project. Optimistic policies and sensible role of leadership of both States are consideredas landmarks to expunge animosity and expand Expectation, reliance, and trust with can lead the South Asian region towards a bright and prosperous future
The Saga of Benazir Bhutto’s Premiership 1988-90 and 1993-96
Get PDFThis article is an attempt to explore, investigate and analyze the political leadership of Benazir Bhutto and her role as ruler/Prime Minister of Pakistan in 1988-90 and 1993-96. She remained one of the main players in the corridor of politics in Pakistan for about thirty years and contributed immensely for the peace, prosperity, security and integration of Pakistan. Further, it encapsulatesthat Benazir Bhutto possessed rare leadership traits which enabled her to come into power and also discusses her leadership traits, attitude, behavior and decisions as a political leader during her premiership (1988-90 and 1993-96). The endurance, valor and courage were such main characteristics of her personality that she faced during military suppression that was unleashed byZia led regime. However, she neither succumbed to all odds and challenges during and after military rule in Pakistan. Moreover, this paper summarizes that Benazir Bhutto emerged as a female leader as well as Prime Minister; in a male chauvinistic social structure, under suppressive military leadership, outspoken religious Ulemas and vindictive politics of opposition mainly because she was a charismatic leader. She accepted all challenges and responded accordingly.Moreover, different theories have been applied to have a better understanding of Benazir Bhutto’s leadership qualities and administrative abilities. Therefore, in this study, the author tries to find answers to the following; What were specific leadership traits which enabled Benazir Bhutto to emerge as a main political leader and as a Prime Minister of Pakistan? What were diverse challenges faced by Benazir Bhutto as a Prime Minister twice? How did she respond to variouschallenges as Prime Minister? How does the prism of female leadership unfold the personality of Benazir Bhutto as a female leader
Challenges of ‘New Normal’ and Counter-Terrorism Strategies in Pakistan
Get PDFThe pandemic of Covid-19 has changed life on the globe into a ‘New Normal’ phase which brings an abrupt change in all walks of life. The ‘new normal’ phase has altered the global perspective on security, social interaction and policy priorities of states around the globe. The changing patterns of life in all spheres has stamped on the notion that non-traditional security is as important as traditional security preparedness. New normal life needs structural adjustments in governmental efforts to cope with the emerging new patterns of terrorism. The study suggests modification in the existing policy of counter-terrorism to deal with the challenges of the contemporary world. The focus of the concerned study will be limited to the case of Pakistan. The study ends with the suggestions that change in government’s priority toward the health system must not harm the efforts to curb terrorism in society
Development of Hybrid Model for Donations to Deserving Donees Using Multi-Polar Interval-Valued Neutrosophic Soft Set
No full textMulticriteria decision-making techniques have been used widelyin intelligent decision support systems for many executive decisions. Nongovernmentorganizations (NGOs), Non-Profitable Organizations (NPOs),and privileged persons employ survey methods to obtain deserving people’sdata for charity donations under United Nations poverty alleviationinitiatives, for example, financial assistance. They collect data manually orsemi-automated, then narrow down the list of deserving recipients basedon specific criteria. That usually results in a list of recipients who eitherdon’t deserve it or, if they do, aren’t the perfect fit. Furthermore, the finalrecommendations of NGOs and NPOs partially address the povertydisparity and position all of them are on same level, resulting in the lessjustified distribution of charity. Due to the simultaneous evaluation ofseveral characteristics. This paper formulates the problem of distributingfunds to deserving peoples as a multicriteria decision-making problem toaddress these concerns. A Multipolar Interval-Valued Neutrosophic SoftSet (mIVNS) is used to address the issue of selecting suitable candidatesfor financial aid and distribution of funds. To implement the proposedmethodology, a sample of 5 distinct deserving attributes is considered accordingto their intensity of poverty gap for allocation of funds. By usingdistance-based similarity measures, the technique of mIVNS sets has beenused to select candidates and distribute funds. This methodology supportsthe management of NPOs and NGOs, and privileged individuals to disbursefinancial aid in deserving families according to their needs better
Mappings related to Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for harmonically convex functions
No full textIn this study, we define some mappings connected to the Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities constructed for harmonically convex mappings.We investigate some properties of these mappings and provide some refinement inequalities for the Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities that have already been established for harmonic convex function