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Материјални положај градског и сеоског становништва у Србији током консолидације капитализма
No full textThe subject of this paper is the analysis of the economic position of the
urban and rural population in Serbia during the consolidation of the
capitalist order. The main objective is to determine whether there have been
differences in the economic position of these social groups in the specified
period, and the assumption is that they exist. The analysis is based on data
from a survey conducted in 2018 on a representative sample of the Serbian
population of 2,211 respondents. In addition, data from comparable surveys
from 2003 and 2012 are used, and all three were conducted by the Institute
for Sociological Research of the Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade. First,
the indicators of the basic dimensions of the economic position, i.e.,
income, property and consumption of the urban and rural population in
Serbia are analyzed. Then the overall economic position was analyzed,
which is expressed by a composite index shown in the form of an interval
scale with five levels of economic position: lower, lower middle, medium,
upper middle and higher material position. The analysis of the indicators of
the basic dimensions, and the overall economic position showed that the
economic position of the urban population in Serbia during the
consolidation of capitalism is higher than the economic position of the rural
population, i.e. that the economic position of the urban population is higher
in all three time periods.Предмет овог рада је анализа материјалног положаја градског и
сеоског становништва у Србији током консолидације капиталистичког
поретка. Основни циљ је утврђивање да ли постоје разлике у материјалном положају ових друштвених група у наведеном периоду, а
претпоставка је да постоје. Анализа је заснована на подацима анкетног
истраживања реализованог 2018. године на репрезентативном узорку
становништва Србије од 2211 испитаника. Поред тога, користе се и
подаци упоредивих анкетних истраживања из 2003. и 2012. године, а
сва три је спровео Институт за социолошка истраживања Филозофског факултета у Београду. Најпре су анализирани индикатори
основних димензија материјалног положаја, односно приходи, имовина и потрошња градског и сеоског становништва у Србији. Затим је
анализиран укупан материјални положај, који је исказан композитним
индексом приказаним у облику интервалне скале са пет нивоа
материјалног положаја: нижи, нижи средњи, средњи, виши средњи и
виши материјални положај. Анализа индикатора основних димензија и
укупног материјалног положаја показала је да је материјални положај
градског становништва у Србији током консолидације капитализма
виши од материјалног положаја сеоског становништва, односно да је материјални положај градског становништва виши у сва три временска периода.Međunarodna naučna konferencija Regionalni razvoj, identiteti i demokratska integracija 6–7. oktobar 2023, Niš, Srbija - Saopštenje štampano u celin
Wellbeing of secondary school students from Serbia: The role of gender, socioeconomic status and ethnic background
No full textAll countries complying with the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals are committed to reducing poverty and socioeconomic disparities, ensuring inclusion, and improving health and wellbeing of its citizens. However, it is known that the odds for youth to thrive are significantly affected by their gender, socioeconomic and ethnic groups’ positions within society. To explore the impact of these variables on the wellbeing of youth in Serbia, we conducted a study recruiting students from 20 secondary schools from different regions of the country. Participants were 1846 students (Mage = 16.26; 52.6% female, 69.9% identified as Serbian (ethnic majority), 10.8% Hungarian, 11.1% Bosniak, and 8.2% Roma). We applied the scale Personal Wellbeing Index and we used one five-point Likert type item to assess depression. SES was measured through one question with five categories. Results indicate that students are relatively satisfied with their life (M = 7.4, SD = 2.7), with highest satisfaction with health and lowest satisfaction with financial status and achievements, while the scores for depression slightly surpass theoretical mean (M = 2.36, SD = 1.39). Students of different SES statistically significantly differ on all aspects of wellbeing and on depression, with wellbeing consistently increasing and depression decreasing with the rise of SES. When students of different ethnic backgrounds are compared, significant differences appear only for satisfaction with financial status, but the effect size is small. Female students have significantly lower scores for overall life satisfaction, satisfaction with relationships and safety, and higher scores on depression, but effect sizes are small. A regression analysis revealed that gender, SES
and ethnic background can predict depression and wellbeing, but that only students’ SES proved to be a significant predictor.International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT 2024), 20 - 22 April 2024, Porto, Portuga
The importance of intercultural communication and intercultural competence for functioning of business organizations
No full textCilj rada predstavlja utvrđivanje uticaja kulturne raznolikosti i (ne)uspešneinterkulturalne komunikacije na učinak radnih organizacija. Pošlo se odideje da su uspešna interkulturalna komunikacija i razvijena interkulturalna kompetentnostzaposlenih nužne za uspešno funkcionisanje radnih organizacija u savremenomsvetu. Predmet analize bile su situacije u kojima dolazi do prekida uinterkulturalnoj komunikaciji, kao i sukobi među zaposlenima koji iz tih prekidaproizilaze i negativno se odražavaju na učinak cele organizacije. Rezultati pokazujuda kulturna raznolikost u okviru radnih organizacija može prouzrokovati brojnesukobe i lošije poslovanje organizacije, ali da razvijanje interkulturalne kompetentnostii uspešna interkulturalna komunikacija članstva to sprečavaju. Kadazaposleni poseduju adekvatna znanja i veštine interkulturalne komunikacije,kulturno heterogene radne organizacije funkcionišu bolje od kulturno homogenih.Neke od prednosti ogledaju se u privlačenju i zadržavanju najtalentovanijihzaposlenih, mogućnosti dopiranja do raznolike klijentele globalnog tržišta, većefleksibilnosti i samim tim boljem prilagođavanju promenama u okruženju. Takođe,kulturna raznolikost doprinosi većoj kreativnosti, boljem rešavanju problemai donošenju kvalitetnijih grupnih odluka usled usvajanja mnogostrukih perspektiva,kao i manjoj fluktuaciji zaposlenih usled većeg zadovoljstva poslom. Imajućiu vidu pobrojane prednosti, u radu su ponuđene izvesne smernice za razvijanjeinterkulturalne kompetentnosti zaposlenih.The paper aims to assess the impact of cultural diversity and (un)successful intercultural communication on performance within business organizations. The main assumption was that successful intercultural communication and developed intercultural competence of employees are necessary for the successful functioning of business organizations in the contemporary world. The subject of analysis were situations when intercultural communication is interrupted resulting in conflicts among employees, thus having a negative effect on the performance of the entire organization. The results show that cultural diversity within business organizations can cause numerous problems and conflicts, but the development of intercultural competence and successful intercultural communication prevent them. With adequate knowledge and skills in intercultural communication, culturally heterogeneous organizations function better than culturally homogeneous ones. Some of the advantages are reflected in the attraction and retention of the most talented employees, the ability to reach a diverse clientele of the global market, greater flexibility and therefore better adaptation to changes in the environment. Furthermore, cultural diversity offers greater creativity, better problem-solving and better decision-making due to acknowledgment of multiple perspectives, as well as less employee turnover due to greater job satisfaction. Bearing in mind the listed benefits, the paper offers certain guidelines for developing the intercultural competence of employees
An Insight into Dietary Habits of St. Barbara Monastery (Southwestern Serbia) During the Early Modern Period: A Zooarchaeological Perspective
Get PDFSince the late 14th century, throughout the Modern period, the Ottoman conquest of Serbia led to the devastation and desecration of churches and monasteries, looting of their assets, and the conversion of some sacred Christian sites into mosques. Despite this, the Serbian Orthodox Church persisted and even expanded during the late 15th and early 16th centuries. While some monasteries fell into disrepair, others prospered, such as the St. Barbara Monastery, located on Reljina Gradina near Novi Pazar (Southwestern Serbia). Based on written sources, the monastery was built during the 16th century, which was proved by archaeological excavations. It was burned down at the end of the 17th century. The excavations have also confirmed an older Medieval necropolis beneath the monastery buildings. The monastery consists of the church, east and west blocks of buildings, and a surrounding wall. It also includes a well, refectory, and kitchen. During the excavations in 2022 and 2023, a small surface in the western part within and outside of the churchyard was excavated. Archaeological material of the 16th and 17th centuries was not abundant, consisting mostly of kitchen and tableware, and less numerous small finds and faunal remains. This paper aims to present faunal analysis results from St. Barbara Monastery, and reveal the dietary habits and characteristics of everyday life of monastery inhabitants from a zooarchaeological perspective. The analysis suggests that domestic animal meat and fish were predominantly consumed. Caprine remains were the most abundant, as the most significant source for exploitation of primary and secondary products. Albeit small, the faunal assemblage from a few contexts of St. Barbara uncovered by now is significant since it is the only known Modern period monastery faunal collection from the territory of Serbia
Kriza v šoli in šola v krizi: primer beograjske šole »Vladislav Ribnikar«
Get PDFDogodek, ki se je zgodil 3. maja 2023 v Osnovni šoli Vladislav Ribnikar v Beogradu, presega okvire tistega, kar običajno obravnavamo kot nasilje v šoli – učenec sedmega razreda je ubil devet učencev in šolskega varnostnika, ranil pet učencev in učiteljico. Ne samo, da je ta dogodek odražal center velike krize, ki je vznemirila običajne načine delovanja šole, temveč so vprašanja, na katera je bilo potrebno odgovoriti po tem dogodku, tudi sama predstavljala izvore novih kriz. V predavanju se bomo ukvarjali prav s temi vprašanji. Vprašanja, ki so zahtevala odločitve, so bila številna in raznovrstna – od tistih, ki so se nanašala na način izražanja pietete do žrtev, prek vprašanj o tem,
komu je potrebna podpora, kakšna podpora in kako jo organizirati, do tistih vprašanj, ki so se nanašala na delo šole – ali, kdaj in kje nadaljevati šolsko leto, kako ga zaključiti, kaj in kako delati, s katerimi učenci in učitelji ipd. Navedena vprašanja predstavljajo preizpraševanje o vlogi, ki jo lahko ima ali jo mora imeti Osnovna šola Vladislav Ribnikar ali katerakoli šola v krizni situaciji. Z analizo
načina odgovarjanja na nekatera od teh vprašanj bomo identificirali nekatere značilnosti delovanja šole in šolskega sistema, ki so lahko pomembne ne le za razumevanje dogajanja v Srbiji, ampak tudi za delovanje šole v kriznih situacijah v drugih okoljih. Analiza kaže na centraliziran način odločanja, ki je premalo upošteval različne perspektive in jih ni obravnaval participatorno. Prav tako je bil poudarek na nadzoru nad delom šole, z jasno delitvijo pristojnosti in nejasno delitvijo odgovornosti med šolo in višjimi ravnmi upravljanja. V takšni situaciji se šola in učitelji niso čutili pripravljene prevzeti odgovornost za lastne odločitve. Konec šolskega leta in zaključek ocen sta odprla še druga vprašanja, ki so groteskno kazala na prevlado administrativno-birokratskih ukrepov nad smislom. Osebna in strokovna negotovost, izogibanje odgovornosti, pomanjkanje partnerskih odnosov, pomanjkanje osredotočenosti na iskanje rešitev, pa tudi odsotnost participativnega odločanja, ki jih lahko prepoznamo v tej situaciji, lahko označimo kot lastnosti, ki so v nasprotju s konceptom šole kot
učeče se skupnosti (Hargreaves 2003; Mitchell Mitchell in Sackney 2000; Senge 2001) in šole kot demokratične mikroskupnosti (Delors 1998; Pavlović Breneselović 2015). Nasprotno, značilni so za šolo, ki deluje kot birokratska institucija (Ilič 1980; Radulović 2016). Lahko pa se vprašamo, ali bi se šola drugače odzvala na to krizo, če bi prej delovala kot učeča se skupnost, pa tudi, ali je možno, da šola, ki deluje kot demokratična mikroskupnost, obstaja v izobraževalnem in družbenem sistemu, ki sam po sebi sicer ni demokratičen. Ker kriza predstavlja situacijo srečevanja z neznanim, kar nujno povzroča negotovost, pa tudi dejstvo, da so bili v tem primeru vsi akterji v šoli posredno ali neposredno izpostavljeni travmatičnemu dogodku, ostaja vprašanje, ali je dovolj, da se zanašajo na mehanizme izmenjave, medsebojne podpore in skupnega odločanja znotraj šole, ki jo je prizadela kriza, ali pa je potrebno zagotoviti varno in dosledno vodenje in podporo izven šole
Primena koncepta ljudske prirode Marije Kronfeldner u arheologiji
No full textThis essay represents a reflection on the role and relevance of the concept of human nature in archaeology, inspired by the ideas about human nature presented and elaborated by Maria Kronfeldner in the book What’s Left of Human Nature?. It is a comment from an archaeologist’s perspective. Kronfeldner formulated three ways in which human nature can be conceptualized: classificatory, descriptive and explanatory human nature. In the text, I review the archaeological and anthropological topics for which the three aspects of human nature are relevant. In the first part, I address the problems related to the concepts of classificatory and descriptive human nature in the late Pleistocene, when Homo sapiens was not the only species of the genus Homo on the planet. In the second part, I discuss the role of human nature from the epistemological position when it comes to the theoretical basis of reconstructing human behavior in the past and the more general anthropological issue of establishing cross-cultural regularities and laws. This is by no means a comprehensive and detailed survey of the potentially relevant topics, but it should illustrate the usefulness and relevance of Kronfeldner’s concepts for the fields of archaeology and anthropology.U ovom eseju razmatraju se uloga i relevantnost koncepta ljudske prirode u arheologiji, naosnovu ideja o ljudskoj prirodi koje je formulisala Marija Kronfeldner u knjizi What’s Left ofHuman Nature. Ovo je, pre svega, komentar na ove ideje iz perspektive arheologa. Kronfeldner je predstavila tri načina kako se ljudska priroda može konceptualizovati: kao klasifikaciona, deskriptivna i eksplanatorna ljudska priroda. Ovaj esej predstavlja pregled arheološkihi antropoloških tema za koje su ova tri aspekta ljudske prirode relevantna. U prvom delu,bavim se problemima vezanim za koncepte klasifikacione i deskriptivne ljudske prirode u kasnom pleistocenu, kada Homo sapiens nije bio jedina vrsta roda Homo na planeti. U drugomdelu, razmatram ulogu koncepta ljudske prirode u arheologiji i antropologiji iz epistemološkeperspektive, fokusirajući se na teorijsku osnovu rekonstrukcije ljudskog ponašanja u prošlosti i na opšti antropološki problem uspostavljanja kroskulturnih pravilnosti i zakona. Ovosvakako nije sveobuhvatan i detaljan pregled potencijalno relevantnih tema, ali ilustruje korisnost i relevantnost koncepata koje je definisala Kronfeldner kada su u pitanju arheologijai antropologija
Nova klima za ljudsku prirodu? Proučavanje društvene teorije kroz postprirodu, antropocen i posthumanizam
No full textBy examining debates on the Anthropocene era ignited by new materialist and posthumanist scholarship, this paper aims to discern how these perspectives can reframe the human-nature nexus. It also considers how various “developmentalist” approaches might assume the role traditionally held by the concept of human nature. The first section highlights concerns raised by posthumanist and neomaterialist scholars about the marginalized status of “nature”, life, and biology within dominant constructivist viewpoints. A central argument posits that notions like “denaturalization” and biopolitics amplify societal dominance over nature, pushing social theory towards an anthropocentric and potentially biologically indeterminate stance. Contrasting this, the second section delves into modern interpretations of the planet in social theory, inspired by the emergence of the Anthropocene. This lens reveals a dynamic, co-constitutive relationship, tilting less towards the unilateral commands of “nature” and more towards understanding the evolution of human life and societal structures within Earth’s expansive temporal and spatial realms. The third section further unpacks these developmental ideas by juxtaposing the theories of Bruno Latour and Tim Ingold. The paper contends that both approaches endeavor to illuminate the complex processes underpinning the evolution of life forms, underscoring the significance of culture. In conclusion, the intricate postnatural landscape of the Anthropocene necessitates a more integrated human-nature relationship. This calls for not only discarding dehumanizing facets of human nature, but also fostering a renewed sensibility – a deeper form of humanizing that acknowledges and celebrates our shared existence with other species and entities.Proučavajući rasprave o antropocenskoj eri pokrenute od strane novih materijalističkih i posthumanističkih pristupa, ovaj rad nastoji da prepozna kako ove perspektive mogu preoblikovati vezu između čoveka i prirode. Takođe, u radu se razmatra kako različiti „razvojni“ pristupi mogu preuzeti ulogu koju je tradicionalno imao pojam ljudske prirode. Prvi deo ističeprobleme koje posthumanistički i neomaterijalistički uočavaju povodom marginalizovanogstatusa „prirode“, života i biologije unutar dominantnih konstruktivističkih gledišta. Centralni dominaciju nad prirodom, gurajući socijalnu teoriju prema antropocentričnom i potencijalnobiološki neodređenom stavu. Nasuprot tome, drugi deo se bavi modernim tumačenjima planete u socijalnoj teoriji, inspirisanim pojavom antropocena. Kroz ovu perspektivu otkriva sedinamična, ko-konstitutivna veza, koja manje naginje jednostranom diktatu „prirode“ a višeka razumevanju evolucije ljudskog života i društvenih struktura unutar prostranih vremenskih i prostornih domena Zemlje. Treći deo dalje razrađuje ove razvojne ideje upoređujućiteorije Bruna Latura i Tima Ingolda. Rad tvrdi da oba pristupa teže osvetljavanju složenihprocesa koji stoje u osnovi evolucije životnih oblika, naglašavajući značaj kulture. Zaključno,složeni postprirodni pejzaž antropocena zahteva integrisaniji odnos čoveka i prirode. To zahteva ne samo odbacivanje dehumanizirajućih aspekata ljudske prirode, već i podsticanjeobnovljenog senzibiliteta – dublje forme humanizacije koja priznaje i slavi naše zajedničkopostojanje s drugim vrstama i entitetim
Church Soldiers in Medieval Serbia
No full textСрпски средњовековни извори познају термин „црквени војник“
којим су означени припадници војних слојева становништва у служби манастира. У раду
је детаљније указано на деловање властеличића и пронијара на црквеним поседима.
Показано је да су њихова задужења била усмерена на чување и одржавање манастирског
комплекса, пиргова, или тврђава који их штитили или других поседа у оквиру црквених
властелинстава. Такође, црквени војници су представљали личну пратњу игумана током
путовања. На примерима неколико великих манастира указано је да је постојала подела
задужења унутар војне посаде.The existance of soldiers in monastery or bishopric service was confirmed in numerous
Serbian medieval documents. The very expression "church soldier" was noted in several
monastery charters. Churches and monasteries don't have subordinated noblemen from the group
of highly ranked or medium ranked noblemen. However, there are numerous examples where
the church subjects are lower ranked noblemen, soldiers, small landowners or "pronija" holders.
The needs of church institutions for military class was not big. Yet, each one of the more
important monasteries had its crew which used to protect the very monastery, its squares, roads
and the safety of the property and monk community. The earliest mentioning of church soldiers
are found in the charter of king Milutin for the St. George monastery in Skopje, but their duties
were based on the old laws which used to be applies in the estate of Studenica and Mileševa
monastery.
In the process of forming large church estates, the rulers used to find the estates held
by small noblemen. They were mostly subordinated to monasteries then, and they would owe
their duties to the church master, instead of the ruler. A great number of small noblemen was
mentioned on Banjskа, Dečani and Saint Archangels properties. The charters of Dečani
monastery testify that it had a numerous and well developed military crew, inside of which there
were differentiations and various duties as well. At the head of the whole military crew was
"čelnik," and to his command laymen, military men, guards and semi-military craftsmen were
subordinated. Military horsemen are small noblemen heirs- at least seven families, which were
alternated in the military crew of the fort. Prohor and his men, with ten families were holding
guard, and the maintainance of the monastery fort was given to master Djordjija and his
companions. The monastery of Holy Archangels near Prizren also had a group of small
noblemen at its disposal. This monastery had at its disposal the fortress of Višegrad in which the
military crew in charge of the defense was based. In post Nemanjić era the number of small
noblemen mentioned in monastery charters was smaller. Monastery Ravanica and Resava were
begirded with solid forts like many other towns of that period and they certainly had serious crew
which was under ruler's jurisdiction
Rocky Road to Sokolica: Middle Bronze Age pottery in Central Serbia from Vatin to Bubanj-Hum IV-Ljuljaci Culture
No full textWhen words are not enough: Importance of going “behind” the language use when studying conflicts in close relationships
No full textResolving conflicts in close relationships is challenging, especially when emotional injury is
involved, because this entails balancing partially conflicting stakes: maintaining the relationship
while preserving a favorable self- and other-view. Language–focused approaches highlight
important aspects of this process. Discursive psychology reveals how actors utilize rhetorical
devices to impose their own version and co-construct interactional identities. Narrative
psychology focuses on the personal story stabilized through multiple retellings and permanent
self- and other-constructions. However, our study of conflict negotiation and identity coconstruction
in adolescence highlights that, in addition to the analysis of discursive aspects, it is
relevant to conceptualize and analyse phenomenological and affective processes that strikingly
shape the participants’ language use and story creation. These include authentic emotions
(e.g. feeling hurt) and disclosing one’s own vulnerability (e.g. insecurities, partial responsibility
for relationship disturbance). The relevance of phenomenological processes is particularly
evident when participants use less constructive strategies for friendship rupture repair, which
entail verbal masking of unresolved tension by minimizing negative feelings, declaring that the
problem has “magically” disappeared and insisting on an unchanged level of closeness. The
unresolved conflict is linguistically, paralinguistically and performatively marked by: (a) the internal
contradictions in the personal story, (b) salient disjunctions of the versions offered by different
actors, (c) pronounced differences between the private and the shared narrative, preventing the
other from understanding one’s authentic experiences, and (d) perpetuated regressions to the
core plot, i.e. issue that caused the conflict. These contradictions, omissions and repetitions
convincingly (though indirectly) point to the affective processes that are either reflexively or prereflexively
present in both individual stories and close personal interactions, thus emphasizing
the importance of theoretical integration of phenomenological and discursive processes when
studying conflict negotiation in close relationships.20th Conference of the International Society for Theoretical Psychology Theory as Engagement, 20-24 May, 2024. Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgard