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The battle for remembrance: Jovan Ristić as his own historian
No full textJovan Ristić is one of the most important Serbian statesmen in modern history and one of the most influential political figures of 19th-century Serbia. He was
twice the regent of underage Serbian rulers (Prince Milan Obrenović (1868–1872) and
King Aleksandar Obrenović (1889–1893), and several times the Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs. These posts gave him the opportunity to create and conduct
Serbian internal and foreign policy, with the main results being Serbia’s independence
and territorial gains at the Congress of Berlin in 1878. Nonetheless, his policy of 1868–
1878 and his role in the processes that led to the results of the Congress of Berlin were
strongly challenged by his political opponents (Young Conservatives and Radicals) in
the last two decades of the 19th century. That is why Ristić decided to take a risky job. As
a trained historian, he chose to defend himself and his policy not through memoirs or
autobiography, but rather by writing a history of Serbia’s foreign policy from 1848–1878,
where he was the main character.Јован Ристиќ е еден од најважните српски државници во модерната
историја и една од највлијателните политички фигури во Србија во XIX век. Двапати бил регент на малолетните српски владетели (кнезот Милан Обреновиќ [1868
– 1872] и кралот Александар Обреновиќ [1889 – 1893]), а неколкупати бил премиер и
министер за надворешни работи. Овие функции му овозможиле да ја креира и да
ја води српската внатрешна и надворешна политика, од што главните резултати
биле независноста и територијалните придобивки за Србија на Берлинскиот конгрес во 1878 година. Сепак, неговата политика во периодот од 1868 до 1878 година
и неговата улога во процесите што довеле до резултатите од Берлинскиот конгрес
биле силно оспорени од неговите политички противници (младите конзервативци и радикалите) во последните две децении од XIX век. Затоа Ристиќ се одлучил на ризична работа. Како образован историчар, тој избрал да се брани себеси
и својата политика не преку пишување мемоари или автобиографија туку преку
пишување на историјата на српската надворешна политика во периодот од 1848 до
1878 година, во која тој бил главната личност
Prince Mihailo Obrenović and Karlo Pazek during their emigration (1842–1859)
No full textУ раду је представљен однос Карла Пацека и кнеза Михаила Обреновића у периоду емиграције, тачније од напуштања Србије 1842. године
па све до рестаурације династије Обреновић на српском трону након одлука
Светоандрејске скупштине 1858–1859. године. У назначеном временском оквиру
Пацек је постао личност од поверења кнеза Михаила Обреновића. Пратио га
је на путовањима по Европи, важио је за његовог „мајордома”, преко кога су
обављани најделикатнији кнежеви послови. Поред тога, Пацек је у назначеном
временском оквиру написао две књиге о Обреновићима и Србији под називом
Обреновићи: кратко начертаније житија ове књажеске породице и Погледи
на Кнежевину Србију, у којима је личност кнеза Михаила и његову дотадашњу
политику представио у позитивном светлу.The paper presents the relationship between Karl Pazek and Prince Mihailo Obrenović
during the period of emigration, more precisely from the time of leaving Serbia in
1842, until the restoration of the Obrenović dynasty to the Serbian throne after the
decisions of the St. Andrew’s Day Assembly in 1858-1859. In the indicated time frame,
Pazek became a trusted person of Prince Mihailo Obrenović. He accompanied him
on his travels around Europe; he was considered his “majordomo”, through whom the
prince’s most delicate affairs were carried out. He was taking care of Prince Mihailo’s
illegitimate son, Velimir (Vilhelm), whose existence was supposed to be treated with
strict confidentiality. Also, in that period already, Pazek appeared as the manager of the
Obrenović estate in Wallachia and Moldavia. In the indicated time frame, Pazek wrote
two books about the Obrenović dynasty and Serbia, entitled The House of Obrenović:
Brief Outline of the Life of This Princely Family and Views on the Principality of
Serbia, presenting the personality of Prince Mihailo and his then politics in a positive
light
Inclusive intangible cultural heritage safeguarding in museums: professionalism vs. ethnic attribution in a Western Balkan setting
No full textIn recent efforts to bridge cultural theory with politics to prevent identity-based conflicts by advocating inclusive safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage (ICH), we used academic insights on identity construction to formulate policies that utilise ICHsafeguarding as a catalyst for reconciliation and development. We focus on a case study from Montenegro’s Pljevlja, examininghistorical shortcomings in ICH identification and safeguarding, with a particular emphasis on the potential role of museum professionals in mitigating societal issues. Tamburica-playingemerges as a prime example of an ICH element that can bridge divides between communities separated by ethnicity and religion yet sharing (while contesting) many mutual ICH elements. Ourapproach scrutinises the role of regional museums in this transformative process and suggests potential solutions for professionals facing dilemmas of professionalism versus ethnicattribution. While offering a promising outlook, we conclude further comparative testing of this model in post-conflict societies is needed
Doprinos strategija kooperativnog učenja unapređivanju kvaliteta znanja učenika iz maternjeg jezika
No full textA successful application of cooperative learning in mother tongue teaching, from the point of view of improving the quality of students’ knowledge, requires great didactic and methodical expertise of teachers in group forming, cooperative task structuring, basic principles of cooperative learning, etc. The theoretical starting point of this paper is represented by the theory of social interdependence, Slavin’s integrative model and revised Bloom’s taxonomy of knowledge. In this paper, we will present the results of the ex-post-facto research conducted to examine whether and to what extent the application of cooperative learning can improve the quality of factual, conceptual and procedural knowledge of students in their mother tongue. On a systematic sample of students of the fourth grade of primary schools from 14 districts in Serbia (n = 720), two knowledge tests were applied for the initial and final measurement. The results of the research showed that various practices of the application of strategies of cooperative learning in the current teaching of the mother tongue contribute to the adoption and sustainability of students’ knowledge, mostly factual, and then conceptual and procedural.Uspešna primena strategija kooperativnog učenja u nastavi maternjeg jezika sa stanovišta unapređivanja kvaliteta znanja učenika zahteva veliku didaktičko-metodičku stručnost nastavnika u formiranju grupa, strukturiranju kooperativnih zadataka, osnovnih principa kooperativnog učenja itd. Teorijsko polazište ovog rada predstavljaju postavke teorije socijalne međuzavisnosti, Slavinovog integrativnog modela i revidirane Blumove taksonomije znanja. U ovom radu biće prezentovani rezultati eks-post-fakto istraživanja sprovedenog radi ispitivanja da li se i u kojoj meri primenom strategija kooperativnog učenja može unaprediti kvalitet činjeničkog, pojmovnog i proceduralnog znanja učenika iz maternjeg jezika. Na sistematskom uzorku učenika četvrtog razreda osnovne škole iz 14 okruga u Srbiji (n = 720) primenjena su dva testa znanja za inicijalno i finalno merenje. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da raznovrsne prakse primene strategija kooperativnog učenja u aktuelnoj nastavi maternjeg jezika doprinose usvojenosti i održivosti učeničkih znanja, u najvećoj meri činjeničkog, a potom pojmovnog i proceduralnog
One Attempt to Measure Collaboration Between Students During Group Work
No full textCollaborative problem-solving (CPS) skills have become an inevitable part of workforce readiness in contemporary society (Graesser et al., 2018). Numerous studies have shown that CPS is a powerful learning tool that could lead to more creative, efficient and comprehensive solutions than other approaches (Fiore, 2008). Sometimes it is the only possible way to solve complex problems. That is not surprising that the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, 2019) includes the development of collaboration skills in the education development agenda for 2030. A lot of attempts were made to introduce CPS in everyday educational practice. However, the benefits of the CPS often fail to be achieved (Le et al., 2018).
Collaborative problem-solving is usually defined as working together toward a common goal (Hesse et al., 2015). It includes interdependency between group members in joint activity and shared responsibility for the group results.
Despite many contributions, there is a lack of instruments for measuring student-specific versions of collaborative processes during group work (Wang et al., 2009). The focus is often on the effect of this type of learning assessed through achievement data (Jansen, 2010) while the quality of the collaborative process is beyond research aims. Usually, self-assessment tools were used for this purpose accompanied by methodological limitation of subjective assessments. In these attempts, students' perceptions and experience with CPS are not distinguished from the quality of collaboration present during group work. Also, collaboration is assessed as an individual skill separate from its nature as a joint activity. This study aims to construct an instrument for assessing the quality of collaboration between students while trying to solve a complex problem. This study is part of the larger project PEERSovers with a focus on designing an evidence-based training program for enhancing high-school students' collaborative skills. The theoretical background for constructing the instrument involves a qualitative systematic literature review of 160 articles published between 2021 and 2022 that investigated differences between productive and unproductive peer collaboration (Baucal et al., 2023). Four aspects of peer interaction were identified as a result of this analysis. The first covers cognitive exchange between group members. Research shows that productive CPS includes argumentative dialogue between team members and constructive evaluation of ideas. Also, the effort is made to move from the personal opinion toward a shared understanding of the problem. Well-known Mercer studies (for example, Mercer et al., 2019; Mercer & Dawes, 2014) pointed out that exploratory talk during group work enhances the co-construction of joint cognitive activity, fosters critical thinking skills and contributes to the overall learning experience in educational settings. The second aspect refers to the emotional aspect of group work manifested through group atmosphere, presence of conflicts and tension, group cohesion, members' sense of belonging, mutual tolerance and empathy. In unproductive groups, members are disrespected and prevented from fully participating. Often the inequality in power is present during group work. Some members dominate in the dialogue space and prevent others from contributing. The third and fourth aspects are dedicated to two domains of group regulation: task activity regulation (time management, coordination of the activity, planning group activity, task-focus approach) and relationship regulation (group norms, sharing responsibility, dividing the assignment, efficient conflict management etc.). An unproductive group is often characterised by lots of off-task behaviour. Usually, few or only one participant takes overall responsibility for group work. We tried to operationalize these four aspects as dimensions of the instrument used for evaluating a CPS.Session Information: 09 SES 13 A, Exploring Innovative Approaches to Assessment and Feedbac
Exploring ERP Indicators of Phonological Awareness in Shallow Orthography
No full textThis study focuses on exploring ERP indicators of phonological awareness in children in a shallow orthography (Serbian) with the aim of understanding longitudinal effects of an early reading intervention. Current work presents preliminary results on two fifth-grade participants. MMN and N1 were chosen as components of interest based on previous studies of reading abilities. MMN represents phonological sensitivity while N1 is considered a measure of print sensitivity.
ERPs were recorded using a mobile 24-channel semi-dry mBrainTrain Mobi system. For MMN measurements, an auditory oddball experiment was designed in Presentation software to play /ba/ and /da/ sounds in a 90-10 ratio. Participants watched a silent cartoon while listening to the stimuli. For the N1 experiment, a modality judgement task was used with real words and false fonts which were presented visually, auditory, or both at the same time. The signal was analyzed in EEGLAB. No statistical analysis were run due to only two participants being explored at this point. The N1 and MMN effects were analyzed in the 100-300ms and 300-500ms time windows, respectively. Based on visual inspection, preliminary results show that the late MMN amplitude can be distinguished on C3, C4, Cz, F4, and Pz electrodes around the 500ms mark. The most prominent overlap between the two participants is visible on the Cz and Pz electrode sites. As per the N1 effect, comparing the word condition with the false font condition showed that the difference waves are the largest at Cz, F3, and Fz sites around the 100ms mark, while occipital (O2 and O3) and parietal (P7, P8, and Pz) show a later difference wave amplitude around the 200ms mark. This work aimed to show preliminary results of a novel way to neurocognitively explore phonological awareness in shallow orthography. Key electrodes to measure phonological effects were identified. Further expansion of the sample is required for statistical results and more stable ERP effects in order to understand whether good readers have a long-lasting advantage in MMN amplitude, N1 amplitude and N1 lateralization compared to bad readers.Belgrade Neuroscience Next Hub 2024 (April 24-25, 2024) -Saopštenje štampano u izvod
Exploring Behavioral and ERP Indicators of Phonological Awareness in Shallow Orthography
No full textThis study focuses on exploring phonological awareness by behaviorally examining phonemic analysis and synthesis in pre-reading children, as well as exploring long-term ERP indicators upon an early reading intervention in a shallow orthography (Serbian) to determine the dynamics of its development. Behavior results show significant age differences in phonemic awareness among pre-reading children (N=250, aged 3.5-6.5 years, 48% girls). Success rates varied significantly between age groups, with the most substantial differences observed between the oldest (5.5-6.5) and youngest (3.5-4.5) groups. The developmental shift in phonemic awareness is task dependent, varying between 53 and 78 months of age. Age-specific variations were also observed, suggesting that phonemic awareness is a continuous, rather than a discrete ability. ERP indicators of phonological awareness (MMN and N1) were examined in children that underwent an early reading intervention 5 years earlier, in their preschool years (N=13, aged 9.5-10.6 years, 38% girls) and compared to a control group (N=9, aged 9.6-10.6 years, 30% girls). In this context, MMN represents phonological sensitivity while N1 is considered a measure of print sensitivity. ERPs were recorded using a mobile 24-channel semi-dry mBrainTrain Mobi system. For MMN measurements, an auditory oddball experiment was designed in Presentation software to play /ba/ and /da/ sounds in a 90-10 ratio. Participants watched a silent cartoon while listening to the stimuli. For the N1 experiment, a modality judgement task was used with real words and false fonts which were presented visually, auditory, or both at the same time. The N1 and late MMN effects were analysed in the 100-300ms and 300-500ms time windows, respectively. Preliminary results of the longitudinal neurocognitive effects of an early reading intervention in shallow orthography are presented and discussed.CuttingEEGX Conference, October 28-31, Nijmegen, Neatherland
The representation of the dolphin in the scene David playing the harp before Saul in chapel III at Bawit and the reasons for its depiction
No full textOne of the numerous chapels that once formed part of the early Christian monastic complex in Bawit (Egypt) is Chapel III, whose painted program is characterized by a rarely depicted cycle of the life of Prophet David. These frescoes have not been preserved to this day, but they are known to us due to watercolor drawings of Jean Clédat, a French egyptologist, archaeologist and philologist, who recorded what he had seen in situ when he uncovered the Bawit monastery in 1903–1904. The subject-matter of this paper is an unusual and unique representation of a dolphin that adorns the throne of King Saul in the scene “David plays cither to Saul”, which once formed part of the aforementioned cycle of David’s life (6th-7th century). This scene occurs in Byzantine art quite rarely and, as such, it is highly significant. The paper discusses the iconography of the dolphin, its place and the reasons for its appearance in the scene. It can be concluded that the artists who made these frescoes and their commissioners were well-educated, and that the artists worked under the strong influence of antiquity. In this sense, it is concluded that the meaning of the motif is in line with the meaning of the scene and the meaning of the cycle as a whole. In this way, this paper contributes not only to the studying of the dolphin motif in Byzantine art, but also the studying of the David cycle in general and especially to the David cycle in the Chapel III at Bawit
An overview of the opus of architect Đorđe Đorđević (1921-1940)
No full textУ историографији српске архитектуре новијег доба, стваралаштво архитекте Ђорђа Ђорђевића карактерише делимична маргинализација. Иако је био државни и приватни архитекта који је сарађивао са еминентним грађевинским инжењерима и наручиоцима из редова грађанске класе, биографски подаци и хронологија делатности нису доследно установљени. Многа остварења су изузета приликом фрагментарних осврта због заменског потписивања пројеката од стране грађевинских инжењера Лазара Костића и Милоша Антића, у чијем техничком бироу је радио средином треће деценије 20. века. Пролонгирању афирмације лика и дела архитекте Ђорђевића допринели су његово изузеће из стручних удружења и стручно-публицистичке делатности, само једна забележена изложбена активност и девастација личне заоставштине приликом савезничког бомбардовања Београда 1944. године. После краткотрајне државне службе у Министарству грађевина, његов професионални пут је био обележен приватном праксом започетом оснивањем техничког бироа са Александром Каповићем. Од 1929. године послује као самостални овлашћени архитект, када остварује капиталне јавне и стамбене грађевине у Београду, и једну у Нишу. Демонстрирао је приљежно владање различитим стилским тенденцијама, међутим квантитативно највећи број објеката је пројектовао применом академизма. Консултовањем фондова Техничке дирекције у Историјском архиву Београда и Министарства грађевина у Архиву Југославије, као и других важних примарних и секундарних извора, утврђен је систематизовани преглед Ђорђевићевог опуса.In the historiography of modern Serbian architecture, the
work of architect Đorđe Đorđević is characterized by evident
marginalization. Although he was a public and private architect
who collaborated with eminent civil engineers and bourgeois
clients, biographical data and a chronology of his activites
have not been consistently established. Many of his works
were excluded during fragmentary reviews, due to the proxy
signing of projects by civil engineers Lazar Kostić and Miloš
Antić, in whose technical bureau he worked in the middle of the
1930s. Also, the circumstances that prolonged the recognition
of architect Đorđević are his exclusion from professional
associations and professional publishing activites; only one
recorded exhibition activity and the devastation of his personal
legacy during the Allied bombing of Belgrade in 1944. After
a short time in the Ministry of Construction, his professional
path was marked by private practice, which began with the
establishment of a technical bureau with Aleksandar Kapović.
From 1929, he operated as an independent certified architect,
implementing capital public and residential buildings, one of
which was located in Niš. He demonstrated a keen mastery of
various stylistic tendencies, but quantitatively he designed a
large number of objects in the style of academism. By consulting
the Technical Directorate in the Historical Archive of Belgrade
and the Ministry of Construction in the Archive of Yugoslavia,
as well as other important primary and secondary sources, a
systematic overview of Đorđević’s opus was established
The ethnic structure of Antiochus III’s Army
No full textПоследњих деценија расте интересовање за проучавање селеукидске војске, а посебно за ратовање Антиоха III, које је постало предмет изучавања како у историјским, тако и у научно-популарним круговима. Овај рад пружа детаљан приказ етничке структуре Антиохове мултиетничке армије истичући њену улогу као интегративни фактор Селеукидске
монархије. Главна препрека у изради овакве анализе лежи у томе што су
етноними у наративним и епиграфским изворима (чији је број огроман,
те овај чланак наводи само неколицину) успутно помињани, са изузетком
Полибија, чије књиге које описују Антиоха углавном нису сачуване.Recent decades have witnessed growing interest in studying the Seleucid army, particularly the campaigns of Antiochus III. The Seleucid Empire
spanned a vast territory. Significant military strength was essential to maintain control over such a diverse kingdom and manage threats from external
attacks and internal discord. The army itself, composed of numerous ethnicities, became an integrative factor. This study provides a detailed overview of
Antiochus' multiethnic army. While previous works have touched on this topic,
they primarily aimed to reassess military tactics, weaponry, or view the army
as a social phenomenon. This study focuses exclusively on the ethnic composition, with the hope that this would enable a better understanding of both the
structure of the Seleucid army and the dynamics of its recruitment. The main
challenge in conducting such analysis lies in the fact that in the vast corpus of
narrative and epigraphic sources (this article cites only a few) ethnic identities
are often mentioned incidentally, except for Polybius, whose books covering
Antiochus are mostly lost