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Metonymy and metaphor within words – validtion of a new sense derivation measure and test of the metonymy-metaphor effect
No full textPolysemous words have multiple related meanings (i.e. senses), which are not derived by the
same mechanism. Nonetheless, in current literature polysemous words tend to be classified as
either metonyms (fried chicken, loud chicken) or metaphors (head on the shoulders, head of
the department) based solely on the relationship between the dominant and the first subordinate
sense. This distinction has been supported by the difference in their processing (metonymy
facilitation vs metaphor inhibition; Klepousniotou & Baum, 2007). The opposing effects are
attributed to the differences in representation, metonymy implying more similarity among word
senses. However, both mechanisms can be at play within a single word (fried chicken, loud
chicken, be brave - do not be a chicken). In order to test the interplay of two mechanisms within
a word, we created and tested a continuous, more ecologically valid measure - metaphor-tometonymy ratio that accounts for the derivation mechanism of every individual sense within a
word. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of the new measure and test whether it
can predict word recognition time after controlling for standard psycholinguistic variables. To
examine the replicability of the results pertaining to the new continuous measure we divided
our sample, differentiating between completely naïve participants (presented only with a visual
lexical decision task) and those that generated senses used in measure creation. For each sense
, we coded the presence of the metonymy and metaphor, and based on them, for each
polysemous word, we derived the measure by dividing the number of metaphoric senses by the
number of the metonymic senses. The processing latencies were taken from Filipović Đurđević
& Kostić (2023) study which presented 150 polysemous nouns in a visual lexical decision task
to a total of 183 participants (70.49% naïve). We registered the metaphor-to-metonymy effect
within the non-naïve subsample (b = .013, SE = .005, t = 2.515, p = .013), after controlling for
other standard predictors. As predicted, the observed effect suggested that increased metaphor
and decreased metonymy presence were related to increased processing latencies. This
provides additional evidence for the difference in processing rates between metonymies and
metaphors and suggests that they might be represented differently in the mental lexicon.
However, the effect was not significant within the subsample of the naïve participants,
suggesting that the measure was not robust enough to generalize over the speakers whose
semantic intuitions did not contribute to the measure estimation. Therefore, additional
improvements of the metaphor-to-metonymy ratio measure are still needed for its further
validation.31. međunarodni naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji
28–30. mart 2025; Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu - Institut za psihologiju i Laboratorija za eksperimentalnu psihologiju, saopštenje štampano u izvod
Bullshit Statements and Bullshitting
No full textBullshit is nonsense or exaggeration intended to deceive or impress, mainly using language to manipulate. A lack of commitment to truth-aptness and prioritization of personal agenda over factual accuracy characterizes bullshit, along with carefully selected words and language. In the paper are presented features of bullshit statements, bullshitting, characteristics of the speaker and receiver, and contextual and social cues for bullshit. Overall, the study of bullshit has implications for various fields, including critical thinking, media literacy, and political discourse. By understanding the psychological and linguistic mechanisms underlying bullshit, we can better identify and combat its influence, promoting a more informed and epistemically responsible public sphere
Subjective Well-Being of Older Women in Five Post-Yugoslav Countries (A Comparative Perspective)
No full textU radu istražujemo subjektivno blagostanje starijih žena (65+) u pet postjugoslovenskih zemalja (Srbija, Crna Gora, Severna Makedonija, Hrvatska, Slovenija). U analizi su korišćeni podaci prikupljeni u 9. rundi Evropskog društvenog istraživanja (European Social Survey - ESS) u 2018/2019. na izdvojenom uzorku od 761 žene. Ispitivane su sledeće varijable - sociodemografske karakteristike, socijalna mreža, zdravlje, bezbednost, diskriminacija, procena institucija i društva i religioznost, smeštene u 3 dimenzije - ličnu, socijalnu i institucionalnu. Nalazi istraživanja ukazuju na to da je sa subjektivnim blagostanjem pozitivno povezano više ispitivanih varijabli, ali je povezanost različita u različitim zemljama.Varijabla zdravlje je statistički značajno povezana sa subjektivnim blagostanjem ispitanica u skoro svim postjugoslovenskim društvima. U više od polovine zemalja nađena je pozitivna korelacija sa jednom varijablom iz lične dimenzije (zdravlje) i dve varijable iz institucionalne dimenzije (zdravstveni sistem, procena društva kao demokratskog i pravednog). Međutim, ako posmatramo korelacije između subjektivnog blagostanja i ispitivanih varijabli zbirno na nivou regiona, nalazimo povezanost sa svim faktorima osim sa mestom stanovanja i religioznošću. Na prvom mestu se izdvaja zdravlje, potom zdravstveni sistem i na kraju demokratsko i pravedno društvo.The paper investigates the subjective well-being of older women (65+) in five post-Yugoslav
countries (Serbia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Croatia, Slovenia). The analysis used data
collected in the 9th round of the European Social Survey (ESS) in 2018/2019 on a sample of 761
women. The following variables were examined - sociodemographic characteristics, social network,
health, safety, discrimination, assessment of institutions and society, and religiosity. The categories
encompassed 3 larger dimensions - personal, social and institutional. The research findings indicate
that several of the examined variables are positively associated with subjective well-being, but the
association is different in different countries. The health variable is statistically significantly
associated with the subjective well-being of the respondents in almost all post-Yugoslav societies. In
more than half of the countries, a positive correlation was found with one variable from the personal
dimension (health) and two variables from the institutional dimension (health system, assessment of
society as democratic and just). However, if we look at the correlations between subjective well-being
and the examined variables collectively at the regional level, we find a connection with all factors
except for place of residence and religiosity. Health stands out in the first place, followed by the
health system and finally a democratic and just society.Deseta međunarodna naučna konferencija „Društvene devijacije“, Banja Luka, 13-14. 06. 2025. godine, Organizator skupa Centar modernih znanja Banja Luka, suorganizatori naučnog skupa: Ruski univerzitet prijateljstva naroda, Moskva; Resursni centar za specijalnu edukaciju, Beograd; MIB, tvrtka za savjetovanje i edukaciju iz Ljubljane; Internacionalni centar za emocionalnu inteligenciju (ICEI) iz Ohrida – Saopštenje štampano u celin
How a ‘boring administrative task’ transformed my PhD career
No full textGood ideas — and impactful tools — don’t just come from rich, Western nations, says Aleksandra Lazić, a social scientist in Serbia.
I was just beginning my PhD when my supervisor gave me my first assignment. She wanted me to gather and organize the social-science questionnaires — called instruments — that our laboratory uses for data collection. It sounded like one of those boring administrative tasks that no one else would take on, but I understood why it was needed.This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Nature. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-025-00944-
In the Home of an Artist: Art Studios in the Residential Architecture of Belgrade (1918−1941)
No full textAfter World War I, a new type of combining working and living space emerged in Belgrade, influenced by European examples. This typology was particularly prevalent among the artists, especially sculptors and painters, but also architects and scenographers. As investors, Belgrade artists often collaborated closely with architects, working together to create unique and functional spaces that could meet the needs of both professional and family life. This collaboration resulted in some of the most exceptional examples of residential architecture in interwar Belgrade, like, for example, the houses of Petar Palavičini or Lojze Dolinar. The aim of this research is to explore the architectural and typological innovations present in these examples and to examine how architecture shaped the artistic life of Interwar Belgrade.International conference Architecture and housing culture in Zagreb and Central European cities in the period 1880–1940, Zagreb, 9 - 1o October 2o25 Faculty of architecture, University of Zagreb - Saopštenje štampano u izvod
Examining the Connection Between Position-Based Power and Social Status across Seventy Cultures
No full textEven in the most egalitarian societies, hierarchies of power and status shape social
life. However, power and received status are not synonymous—individuals in positions of
power may or may not be accorded the respect corresponding to their role. Using a
cooperatively collected dataset from 18,096 participants across seventy cultures, we
investigate, through survey-based correlational design, when perceived position-based power
(operationalized as influence and control) of various powerholders is associated with their
elevated social status (operationalized as perceived respect and instrumental social value). We
document that the positive link between power and status characterizes most cultural regions,
except for WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic) and Post-Soviet
regions. The strength of this association depends on individual and cultural factors. Firstly,
the perceived other-orientation of powerholders amplifies the positive link between perceived
power and status. The perceived self-orientation of powerholders weakens this relationship.
Secondly, among cultures characterized by low Self-Expression vs. Harmony (e.g., South
Korea, Taiwan) high Embeddedness (e.g.. Senegal), and high Cultural Tightness (e.g.,
Malaysia), the association between power and status tends to be particularly strong. The
results underline the importance of both individual perceptions and societal values in how
position-based power relates to social status
The State and the Film Industry in the Self-Management System (The Example of Socialist Yugoslavia Cinematography)
No full textThe subject of this chapter is the economic relation between the state and the film industry in socialist Yugoslavia (1945–1991). The main characteristic of this state was self-management system, which also affected the above-mentioned relationship. Through various legal regulations, the self-management system led to the formation of various institutional forms within the film industry, which had a direct impact on the way films were financing. The chapter examines some of the predominant forms of financing within the self-management system with a particular focus on the relationship between the state and the film industry
Problem čedomorstva u Metafizici morala
No full textIn his discussion of the state’s right to punish in TheMetaphysics of Morals, Kant appears to claim that an unmarried woman who kills her newborn in order to preserve the “honor of her sex” finds herself in a state of nature. Consequently, the state cannot punish her in the same manner as it punishes other murderers. Nevertheless, at the end of the paragraph, he concludes that infanticide, like any other form of murder, must be punished by death, even if public opinion considers this punishment unjust so long as the legislation remains “barbaric and undeveloped.” In this paper, I claim that Kant at no point advocates a punishment lighter than the death penalty. I further argue that the implications of the metaphor of the state of nature, as well as the analogy between infanticide and the right of necessity, render Kant’s argument internally contradictory. For this reason, the problematic parts of the text should be read as views Kant attributes to Beccaria, rather than endorses himself. Thus, the entire paragraph is best understood as a continuation of Kant’s explicit polemic with Beccaria concerning the legitimacy of the death penalty.U okviru rasprave o pravu kažnjavanja u Metafizici morala Kant naizgled tvrdi da se neudata žena koja ubije svoje novorođenče da bi očuvala „čast roda“ nalazi u prirodnom stanju, zbog čega je država ne može kazniti na isti način na koji kažnjava ostale ubice. Na kraju pasusa, pak, on zaključuje da se čedomorstvo, kao i svako drugo ubistvo, mora kazniti smrću počini-oca, bez obzira na to što će u očima javnosti ova kazna biti nepravedna sve dok je zakono-davstvo još „varvarsko i nerazvijeno“. U tekstu tvrdim da Kant ni u jednom trenutku nije za-govarao kaznu blažu od smrtne, a da implikacije metafore prirodnog stanja i analogije između čedomorstva i prava nužde njegovu argumentaciju čine kontradiktornom. Zbog toga sporne delove pasusa treba tumačiti kao stavove koje je Kant pripisivao Bekariji, a čitav pasus kao nastavak polemike koju je eksplicitno sa njim vodio po pitanju legitimnosti smrtne kazne.https://journal.ifdt.bg.ac.rs/index.php/fid/article/view/190
Ethical reasoning and ethics education of CBT therapists in Europe
No full textThis study was part of a broader project on the ethical reasoning of CBT ther
apists in Europe. Previous research has revealed inconsistencies in how psy
chotherapists respond to ethical dilemmas, highlighting the importance of
exploring cultural differences and complementing quantitative results with
qualitative insights. To address this, seven vignettes were developed, each de
picting a different ethical challenge such as non-sexual touch, recording ses
sions, emergency phone calls, prior acquaintance, emotional reactions, ensur
ing confidentiality, and personal recommendations. These were presented to
CBT therapists across six European countries. The study had two aims: first, to
examine differences in participants’ agreement with the actions portrayed in
the vignettes, considering few other relevant demographic and professional
factors; and second, to explore the reasons, explanations, and beliefs under
lying these decisions. To achieve this, participants were asked to elaborate
on their answers and suggest alternative actions, which were analyzed using
thematic analysis. The findings emphasize the value of understanding the mo
t
ives and beliefs guiding therapists’ ethical judgments, with implications for
building a more open and exchange-oriented psychotherapeutic community.54th Annual Congress of the European Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies ″New age of CBT-Challenges and perspectives″, Belgrade, September 4-7, 2024 - Saopštenje štampano u celini
Rad sa istim naslovom koji predstavlja saopštenje štampano u izvodu nalazi se na https://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/685
