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“Use Me, When Needed Again”: Performing Heritage at Monuments of the Yugoslav Era
No full textMonuments of the former Yugoslavia are a highly contested case when it comes to narrating the conflicted past(s) in Europe. Built mainly between the late 1960s and the early 1980s, they mirror the idea of Yugoslavia between the political, economic, and cultural antagonists of the Cold War. Today, 30 years after the wars of the 1990s, these over-dimensional open-air museums undergo a visible entry into art and popular culture. In fact, the ‘source’ communities are witnessing a process of colonisation where ‘the others’ are narrating their stories in either art vocabulary or popular images. This paper proposes introduction of performing heritage as a possible way to address the layered narratives, without neglecting the gap between their origins in Yugoslav culture and their current state in post-socialist times. Performing heritage offers a method to engage in narrating the past as politics of the body. Through examples of mentored student field work performing heritage is explored as a tool of a critical and foremost bodily encounter with Yugoslav history and post-socialist presence
Chinese whispers in clay: Copying error and cultural attraction in the experimental transmission chain of anthropomorphic figurines
No full textUnderstanding the nature of copying errors in the cultural transmission of material culture is highly relevant for students of cultural evolution, especially in the field of evolutionary archaeology. In this paper, we set up a classic transmission chain experiment, which involves making clay anthropomorphic figurines, to explore the nature of the copying error related to the production of 3D objects. The experiment consists of four independent transmission chains, each with 10 participants. Three chains are non-expert chains, as they consist of students of archaeology and psychology with no formal training in arts. The fourth is an expert chain consisting of art students. Our results show that the copying error predictably differs between the experts and the non-experts – it is lower in the expert chain. However, in both groups, the error is higher than predicted by the models that assume that the copying error is only due to imperfections in the perception of linear dimensions. Taken together, these two results suggest that, in addition to the error in perception, the error in the execution contributes significantly to the overall error, as predicted by the recently formulated object-mediated transmission model (Crema et al., 2023). The results of our experiment also show that the errors are often biased rather than random, suggesting that the transmission process involves the transformations anticipated by the cultural attraction theory
Economy in The Life of Saint Sava by Hieromonk Domentian
Get PDFРад приступа Житију Светог Саве које је написао јеромонах Доментијан као историјском извору за изучавање привредне историје. Најпре, дат је осврт на Доментијанов однос према целокупној материјалној сфери човековог постојања, којој у свим својим видовима привреда припада. Затим, анализирани су конкретни подаци из житија који указују на то како су различите личности располагале својим материјалним добрима. Најзад, пажња је усмерена на то о којим привредним делатностима и услугама Доментијан пише и шта се на основу тог писања може сазнати о начину на који су те делатности и услуге обављане.The Life of Saint Sava, written by Hieromonk Domentian, can be
approached as a historical source for economic history on three levels. The first
level represents the value attitude that Domentian expressed in his work
toward the overall material sphere of human existence. Through Christian
teachings and the characteristics of the hagiography genre, it can be asserted
that Domentian holds a negative attitude towards material goods (earthly
kingdom). However, the pious disposition of material goods can contribute to
the fulfillment of the goal of Christian life, i.e., entering Paradise.
The second level precisely illustrates the presentation of the disposal of
material goods by the individuals who appear in the Life of St. Sava. Material
resources were expended on the construction of new and the restoration of old
church buildings, gifting church institutions, or providing monetary and
material support to both religious and secular individuals, encompassing
money, estates, livestock, garments, food, and various objects.
The third level represents the depiction and methodologies of various
economic activities and services that are directly or indirectly encountered in
the Life of St. Sava. Drawing from Domentian's writings, it becomes possible to
acquire new insights or expand existing knowledge about the processing of
precious metals, cloth manufacturing, trade practices, land and sea
transportation, construction, hunting, as well as gaining insights into the roles
of teachers, scribes, copyists, and the production of frescoes and icons
Exploring, expounding & ersatzing: a three-level account of deep learning models in cognitive neuroscience.
No full textDeep learning (DL) is a statistical technique for pattern classification through which AI researchers train artificial neural networks containing multiple layers that process massive amounts of data. I present a three-level account of explanation that can be reasonably expected from DL models in cognitive neuroscience and that illustrates the explanatory dynamics within a future-biased research program (Feest Philosophy of Science 84:1165–1176, 2017; Doerig et al. Nature Reviews: Neuroscience 24:431–450, 2023). By relying on the mechanistic framework (Craver Explaining the brain: Mechanisms and the mosaic unity of neuroscience. Clarendon, 2007; Stinson Eppuor si muove: Doing history and philosophy of Science with Peter Machamer. Springer, 2017, The Routledge Handbook of the computational mind. Routledge, 2018), I develop an account that corresponds to the stages of mechanism discovery, i.e., our shifting epistemic position and epistemic goals, and propose a representative model for each level. Generic, theoretical DL models at Level 1 address the general features of a cognitive phenomenon through exploration and provide us with how-possibly explanations. On the other hand, DL models at Level 2 either identify the interaction between the features or represent the epistemic stage when the researcher is still unsure if the modeled features are crucial or arbitrary. These models should provide us with how-plausibly explanations. Finally, specific DL models of specific brain areas, i.e., ersatz models filled with relevant cognitive and neuroscientific details, are at Level 3. At this level, a researcher can advance how-actually explanations of cognitive phenomena. The main strength of this account is that it elucidates both global explanatory dynamics and local explanatory dynamics (cf. Dresow Synthese 199:10441–10474, 2021). The former occurs when the transition between levels happens in accordance with the process of obtaining more details about a particular cognitive phenomenon through multiple DL models. The latter, meanwhile, involves cases in which the transition between levels takes place within a single DL model by elucidating internal mechanisms (e.g., using Explainable AI techniques for rendering models more transparent)
Reveling the factors influencing social media usage in Serbian youth
No full textAdolescents, often referred to as digital natives, navigate a world where virtual connections
coexist with face-to-face interactions. Social networks have become an integral aspect of their
socialization process, providing them with platforms to connect, share content, and
communicate. In this study, we wanted to explore why Serbian adolescents use social media
and what they consider the advantage of online communication compared to communicating
face-to-face. In total, 405 high-school students participated in research by filling out online
questionnaire, and 391 (64% female, Mage = 16, SDage = 1.4) reported using social network sites
(SNSs). All of them answered open-ended questions about their behaviour on SNSs and
described the reasons for preferences made in choosing a particular SNS. Results showed that
Serbian adolescents are, on average, active on four different SNS (M = 4.21, SD = 2.12), they
most often communicate with their friends (91.6%) and romantic partners (4.2%), and 81% of
them had their first SN profile by the age of 12. The most popular SNSs among them are
Instagram (97.2% reported having a profile on this SN), TikTok (65.2%), Facebook (51.4%)
and Snapchat (46.5%). An inductive qualitative content analysis assessed the main reasons for
using their favourite (and most often used) SNS. Overall, we identified six main categories of
reasons i.e. factors influencing social media usage: (1) social interaction (e.g. staying in
contact, feeling of belonging, communication; 53.2%); (2) content (interesting, educational,
sphere of interest; 37.6%); (3) specific (primarily technical) characteristics of that SNS (16%),
(4) search for information and inspiration (7.4%), (5) boredom (2.8%) and (6) escaping or
distraction from problems (0.8%). Discussing the results, we compared them to previous results
about the internet behaviour of Serbian children.30th International Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology March 22 – 24, 2024 Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrad
Antonius Merkel and Carolus Raissinger: Disputes Re- Garding the Medical Treatment of Patients in Sombor in 1775
No full textThis paper presents several documents kept in the archive of the city of Sombor in the fund of the Magistrate of the Free Royal City 1749-1918, which refer to an interesting case of an attempt to challenge the treatment given to two patients by the city
surgeon, Antonius Merkel. The lawsuit was filed by another doctor, Carl Reitzinger, accusing his colleague of excessive treatment costs and the use of certain medication. Although the attached documents do not shed light on the conclusion of the dispute, one
gets the impression that Antonius Merkel successfully justifies his actions. The transcribed and translated documents provide significant insight into the nature of medical
treatment in Sombor in the second half of the 18th century
Intellectual Virtues and Contemporary Epistemology
No full textEpistemologija vrline suvremeni je pristup u epistemologiji koji fokus postavlja na aristotelovskoj koncepciji intelektualnih vrlina. Posrijedi nije jedinstvena teorija, već skup različitih pristupa koji se mogu grupirati u jake i slabe teorije epistemologije vrline, prema načinu na koji interpretiraju pojam intelektualne vrline. Tako jedna od pionirki ove struje u epistemologiji, Linda Zagzebski, brani jaku tezu da su ključni epistemički pojmovi ustvari moralni pojmovi pozajmljeni iz etičkog diskursa. Cilj je rada da ispitamo na koje se načine suvremeni epistemolozi pozivaju na Aristotelovu teoriju intelektualnih vrlina te na koje načine epistemičke vrline mogu biti dragocjene u epistemologiji? Odnosno, mogu li epistemološki pristup(i) zasnovani na vrlinama transformirati polje suvremene epistemologije fokusirane na standardne epistemološke probleme ili pak otvaraju sasvim nova polja filozofskih istraživanja?Virtue epistemology is a contemporary approach to epistemology that focuses on the Aristotelian conception of intellectual virtues. It is not a single theory but a set of different approaches that can be grouped into strong and weak virtue epistemology theories, depending on how the concept of intellectual virtue is interpreted. Thus, one of the pioneers of this trend in epistemology, Linda Zagzebski, defends the strong thesis that key epistemic concepts are moral concepts borrowed from ethical discourse. The paper aims to examine how contemporary epistemologists refer to Aristotle’s theory of intellectual virtues and how epistemic virtues can be valuable to epistemology. That is, can the virtue-based epistemological approach(s) transform the field of contemporary epistemology focused on standard epistemological problems or, on the other hand, open entirely new fields of philosophical inquiry?Symposium: 18. Mediterranean Roots of PhilosophyMediterranean Humanism:
On the 500th Anniversary of the Death of Marko Marulić
Split, Croatia, April 11–13, 2024; Abstract
Политички оквири колективних идентитета: Сведочанства српског средњовековља
No full textПројекат под називом Концепти национализма и патриотизма у српском политичком дискурсу – средњи век, нови век, савремено доба (Concepts of Nationalism and Patriotism in Serbian Political Discourse – Medieval, Modern, Contemporary) покренут је са циљем да истражи начине на које су српски политички чиниоци током различитих историјских раздобља формулисали осећања припадности етнији/нацији и отаџбини/држави. Први задатак у реализацији пројекта састојао се у проналажењу и анализи историјских извора који сведоче о политичком дискурсу у три назначена раздобља српске прошлости, како би се у њима уочили и издвојили трагови о генези, а потом и променама концепата natio/patria. Свеска која је пред нама, настала из предавања одржаних на Филозофском факултету Универзитета у Београду у марту и априлу 2023. године, има за циљ да саопшти неке од резултата које је та анализа дала током рада са изворима за најраније, средњовековно доба.Ова публикација је резултат рада на пројекту
Concepts of Nationalism and Patriotism in Serbian Political Discourse
– Medieval, Modern, Contemporary (CoNatPat),
који финансира Фонд за науку Републике Србије
(програм ИДЕЈЕ, бр. пројекта 7750060)
Illusory Contour Clarity does not guide visual search but Surface Representations do.
Get PDFThis study investigated the impact of illusory contour clarity and surface representations on visual search for Kanizsa figures. Experiment 1 manipulated illusory contour clarity through inducer size, while Experiment 2 manipulated clarity by varying the number of arcs in the inducer pacman. Both experiments compared Kanizsa figures with non-illusory figures under the same manipulation conditions. The findings from both experiments suggested that illusory contour clarity did not significantly influence Kanizsa figure search performance, but rather suggested a Kanizsa advantage over non-illusory figures, underscoring the importance of surface representations. Experiment 3 explored the effects of surface alterations on Kanizsa figures and smoothed counterparts, and confirmed that surface alterations had discernible effects on visual search for Kanizsa illusory contours. The results indicated that visual search for Kanizsa illusory contours remained robust, unaffected by variations in illusory contour clarity, thereby emphasizing the role of surface representations in guiding visual search processes.The annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society is aimed at basic and applied cognitive science research. The conference hosts the latest theories and data from the world's best cognitive science researchers. Each year, in addition to submitted papers, researchers are invited to highlight some aspect of cognitive science
Historian as a Witness and an Expert: A Look at the 1990s
Get PDFU poslednjoj deceniji XX veka kriza je obuhvatila sve sfere života u Srbiji i regionu, pa tako i istorijsku nauku koja je bila meta mitologizacije i politizacije. U takvoj atmosferi krize istoriografije, Andrej Mitrović je težio da očuva istorijsku svest upozoravajući na zloupotrebe prošlosti. Kroz Mitrovićeva dela i intervjue iz devedesetih godina, ovaj rad prikazuje šta znači biti istoričar, svedok i ekspert u Srbiji devedesetih godina, te kako izgleda biti svedok burnih istorijskih događaja i razumeti već tada njihovu težinu i značaj.Looking into the writings and interviews of Andrej Mitrović, this article shows
what it means to be a historian, a witness and an expert in a decade filled with
crises in society’s every segment, including historiography. With his writing and
actions Mitrović strived to save the past from the abuse of history, criticizing the
intellectual elite and the regime in Serbia for manipulating historical facts for political purposes. This article also briefly shows a continuity of historical revisionism in Serbia during the last 30 years, emphasizing why Mitrović’s expertise in the
fight for historical consciousness still matters today