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Stories behind items: how employees in Serbia understand Burnout Assessment Tool
No full textAn internationally validated instrument, The Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT; Schaufeli, DeWitte & Desart) measures four core dimensions of burnout: exhaustion, mental distance, and cognitive and emotional impairment (23 items). This instrument also encompasses two secondary subdimensions: psychological distress and psychosomatic complaints (11 items). The instrument has two forms - work-related and general versions. The principal aim of this research was to explore how Serbian employees understand the work-related version of the BAT and to analyze specific ‘burnout stories’ of employees who scored in the 95% percentile on the BAT within a specific Serbian socio-cultural and pandemic setting. The theoretical background of the BAT lies within the description of burnout provided by Schaufeli and Taris, and Thorndike’s understanding of fatigue. The research is part of the larger, ongoing study aimed at validating and adapting the BAT for the Serbian working context. This research used a qualitative approach, drawing upon 50 semi-structured interviews with Serbian employees (mean age of 35; 60% women) and five specific ‘burnout stories’. Study participants first answered the BAT and then took part in the semi-structured interviews about understanding BAT items and related experiences. In addition, we asked respondents who were among the top 5% of BAT scores, indicating the strongest feeling of burnout, to share with us their own stories about being burned out. The interviews were conducted during 2021, both online and face-to-face. The qualitative analysis revealed that the understanding of specific items greatly matches the foreseen dimensions of the work-related version of the BAT. On the other hand, employees’ understanding of burnout origin was not exclusively connected to work itself but also interchangeably to some wider, personal, and career issues. This study indicates that within the changing world of work, amidst a highly changeable overall context, it can be challenging to separate and assess burnout that originates exclusively from the working onditions. People also feel burned out by everyday life and seemingly usual daily activities and hassles. Further testing of the feeling of overwhelming fatigue that transcends distinct settings in different socio-cultural environments is needed. The fast-changing world of work implies a need for a deeper exploration of the origin of burnout and urgency for interdisciplinary collaboration
High-density theta oscillatory-modulated tDCS over the parietal cortex for targeted memory enhancement
No full textAssociative memory (AM) declines due to healthy aging as well as in various neurological conditions. Standard transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) protocols show inconclusive facilitatory effects on AM, often lacking function specificity and stimulation focality. We tested the effectiveness of high-density electrode montage delivering anodal theta oscillatory-modulated transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-Theta-otDCS) over the left posterior parietal cortex (PPC), aiming to target AM in a spatially focused and function-specific manner. In a sham-controlled cross-over experiment we explored the differential effects of HD-Theta-otDCS applied during either encoding or the retrieval phases of two AM tasks (Face-Word and Object-Location). The stimulation protocol consisted of an anode over the left PPC (P3) and four surrounding return electrodes (CP1, CP5, PO3, POz) with electrical current oscillating in theta rhythm (5 Hz, 1.5 ± 0.5 mA). HD-Theta-otDCS stimulation applied during both encoding and retrieval increased AM performance compared to sham control in the Face-Word task. We found no differences between the two active stimulation conditions. HD-Theta-otDCS showed to be a promising tool for enhancing AM, regardless of the stimulation timing. The results provide further support for our previous findings with bipolar otDCS and confirm that PPC stimulation can induce behaviorally relevant modulation in the memory-related cortico-subcortical networks
Testing the Effectiveness of High-Density Oscillatory Theta Modulated Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Associative Memory
No full textAssociative memory (AM) is the ability to bind unrelated pieces of information into a coherent
memory unit. Despite AM’s importance in episodic memory formation, the specific role of its
neural substrates is still the topic of research. In this study we compared the effects of highdensity oscillatory theta modulated transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-Theta-otDCS)
over the left posterior parietal cortex (PPC) applied either during the encoding or retrieval
phases of AM tasks. This allowed us to test whether PPC has a greater role in binding or postbiding processes and simultaneously to validate the newly developed HD-Theta-otDCS
protocol. Using the cued-recall paradigm for AM testing (Face-Word and Object-Location
tasks), in a sham-controlled cross-over design, 21 healthy, young participants received either:
1) active HD-Theta-otDCS during encoding of the AM tasks and sham during the retrieval, 2)
sham during encoding and active HD-Theta-otDCS during retrieval or 3) sham stimulation in
both phases, in a counterbalanced order. The two phases were 30 min apart and lasted for 15
min each. The stimulation protocol consisted of an anode over the left PPC (P3) and four
surrounding return electrodes (CP1, CP5, PO7, POz) with electrical current oscillating in theta
rhythm (5Hz, 1.5 ± 0.5mA). HD-Theta-otDCS increased AM performance in the Face-Word
task in comparison to sham (F(2, 42) = 4.46, p = .02, ηp
2 = .18). Planned contrast showed the
significant effect of stimulation (versus sham) during both encoding (p = .02, ηp
2 = .22) and
retrieval (p = .005, ηp
2 = .32), while no differences were found between the two active
stimulation conditions. There were no stimulation effects on Object-Location task, however
this is due to a ceiling effect and the overall poor psychometric characteristics of the test.
Firstly, our results imply that the novel HD-Theta-otDCS protocol could be a promising tool
for AM enhancement, regardless of the stimulation timing. This calls for further research
examining its efficacy and applications in clinical studies. In parallel, obtained results suggest
that PPC has an important role in both memory processes - encoding and retrieval.30th International Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology March 22 – 24, 2024 Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrad
The career self: between normality and pathology
No full textNeoliberal work culture implies ever-growing devotion to the career, which has specific effects
on the psychological functioning of the careerists. The contemporary psychoanalytic doctrine
and its concepts could help us interpret this relatively novel everyday functioning of the subject
and the resulting psychodynamic. We introduce the notion of career self by analyzing the common
phenomena in the work culture. Initially based on Heinz Kohut’s and Donald Winnicott’s ideas on the self and Lacanian theory on the development of the subject, the career self represents a variation of a well-known psychoanalytic concept, specifically determined and shaped by contemporary societal changes, i.e., neoliberal values and its explicit, as well as implicit standards. We present the development and basic functions of this (dominantly) narcissistic configuration. Additionally, we analyze the relationship between normality and pathology for the working subject. The proposed narcissistic configuration seems pathological when taking up a perspective of late 20thcentury psychoanalysis. Nevertheless, Western society not only normalizes the phenomenon of careerism but also highly values behaviors surrounding it. Using the career self as an example, we discuss neoliberalism’s potential impact on the dichotomy of pathology and normality
Hall оf тhe Oneg Shabbat аnd Gemilut Hasаdim Society
No full textПериод између два светска рата био је изузетно значајан за јеврејску еманципацију и интеграцију у београдско друштво и урбану топографију. Подизањем зграда Савеза јеврејских општина и добротворног друштва „Онег Шабат и Гемилут Хасидим“ 1923. године означен је почетак изградње кључних места јеврејског културног и верског живота у престоници. Истих година се завршава изградња ашкенаске синагоге „Сукат Шалом“, а до краја треће деценије подигнут је Споменик страдалим јеврејским војницима у Балканским и Првом светском рату на Јеврејском сефардском гробљу и Дом црквено-школске јеврејске општине. Зграда друштва „Онег Шабат и Гемилут Хасидим“ коју је пројектовао архитекта Самуел Сумбул представља ванредан пример употребе оријенталистичких мотива у архитектури јеврејске заједнице у Београду, те је циљ овог рада да се подробније истражe контекст настанка пројекта, стилски узори, као и на који начин је архитектура дома комуницирала визуелни идентитет јеврејске заједнице у Београду.From the middle of the 19th century, the Jewish community embarked
upon a process of emancipation in the autonomous Principality of Serbia,
with this successfully culminating in the time of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
Social integration was manifested through various activities, most notably
the participation of almost the entire Jewish male population in the Balkan
Wars and First World War. The final phase of emancipation was embodied by
the construction of numerous public buildings and monuments by Belgrade’s
Jewish community, with architect Samuel Sumbul, who had studied in Vienna
and came to work in Belgrade after the end of the First World War, playing a
key role in this process. The first major construction endeavor entrusted to
him by Belgrade’s Jewish community was the construction of the hall of the
Oneg Shabbat and Gemilut Hasadim Society, in Jevrejska Street, in 1923.
The building of the society was dedicated to nurturing and preserving
Jewish tradition, acting as both a synagogue and also the headquarters of
numerous Jewish charitable organizations. The project for the Oneg Shabbat
and Gemilut Hasаdim Society’s hall was executed in the spirit of orientalism,
which from the second half of the 19th century became the dominant visual
template in the construction of synagogues, as well as other buildings owned
by the Jewish community. In historiographical works to date, Sumbul’s work
has been defined as Art Nouveau or Romantic, but, upon closer examination, a
more precise stylistic determinant would be that of the concept and domain of
Orientalist architecture. This stylistic commitment of Sumbul is a continuation
of the preceding Beth Israel Sephardic synagogue, by architect Milan Kapetanović (1907). Muqárnas structures, filigree perforations and stepped merlons
are clearly incorporated into the facade’s architectural solution, while it is
further crowned by a pair of bulbous domes rising above the pilasters.
The society’s hall was designed to meet the various needs of the
community. The ground floor and part of the first floor were dedicated to
social rooms and a ceremonial hall. The upper floors were used for residential
quarters, with a later adaptation seeing the first floor being converted into a
home for the elderly. The building was the seat of numerous organizations, the
most important among which being the Zionist one. However, one aspect that
has not been presented in research to date is the synagogue function that the
building also had. Until the building of the hall of the Jewish ChurchSchool
Community, the hall of the Oneg Shabbat and Gemilut Hasadim Society was
the only representative public space of Belgrade’s Jewish community. It was
used as a synagogue space for religious ceremonies, and most social activities from cultural events to wedding celebrations and public commemorations were
also hosted there.
Following his success with the hall of the Oneg Shabbat and Gemilut
Hasadim Society, Samuel Sumbul continued to collaborate with the Jewish
community, and designed the building of the Union of Jewish Religious
Municipalities, and subsequently the Memorial Ossuary to Jewish soldiers who
died in the Balkan and the First World Wars at the Jewish Sephardic Cemetery, as well as his crowning achievement: the hall of the Jewish ChurchSchool
Community. In addition to public buildings and monuments, he also created
a project for the reconstruction of the house of Chief Rabbi Isak Alkalaj (Isaac
Alcalay)
Synergies between land use/land cover mapping and urban morphology: A review of advances and methodologies
No full textThis study aims to bridge the fields of urban morphology and land use/land cover (LULC)
mapping through a systematic analysis of their integration in recent research. The research employs
systematic literature review (SLR) methodology combining quantitative and qualitative methods
through four methodological steps: data search, data selection, data analysis, and data clustering.
The analysis performed three distinct clustering patterns: (1) methods and tools, (2) data types, and
(3) urban morphology aspects. The results reveal five distinct methodological approaches—Data-
Driven Typological Decoding Approach, Quantitative Structural Metrics Approach, Predictive Spatiotemporal
Transition Approach, Temporal Change Detection and Performance Approach, and
Spatial Configuration and Density Analysis Approach—each contributing unique insights to urban
form analysis. The findings demonstrate the multidimensional nature of urban form analysis, incorporating
both social and temporal dimensions, while highlighting the essential role of change
detection in understanding urban pattern evolution. This systematic review establishes a comprehensive
framework for understanding the relationship between urban morphology and LULC mapping,
providing valuable insights for future research integration
Britansko-francusko pomorsko suparništvo u Jonsko-jadranskom bazenu 1807. – 1814. kroz otočku persepektivu
No full textThe war in the Mediterranean was among the major European battlefields during the
long period of the Napoleonic Wars. Although geographically not a peripheral part of
the Mediterranean basin, the Ionian and Adriatic Seas remained a secondary battle-
ground during this period. Islands, especially Vis and Zakynthos, were crucial for the
success of the British campaigns, especially after 1809. They also allowed the British
navy to adopt more privateer tactics to disrupt French activities in both seas. Apart
from unpublished sources from the National Archives in London, memories and literature have been used to analyse why the British remained superior despite having
fewer warships for most of this period.U članku se istražuje britansko-francusko supraništvo na Jonskom i Jadranskom moru
u periodu između Tilzitskog mira i Prvoga pariškog mira. U tom je razdoblju rat tih
dviju pomorskih sila u najvećoj je mjeri bio u sjeni njihovih drugih, značajnijih sukoba. Francuzi su nakon uspješne kampanje Napoleona Bonapartea u Italiji, postali najznačajnija sila u Jonskom i Jadranskom moru. U svega nekoliko mjeseci, nakon travnja
1797. godine, političke okolnosti u potpunosti su se promijenile nestankom Mletačke
Republike, čije su posjede podijelile Francuska i Austrija. Nove promjene, uz osvajanje
Malte i pohod na Egipat, utjecale su na formiranje Druge koalicije, te dovele do prvog
rata između Turske i Francuske u modernoj epohi. Nakon poraza Rusije od Francuske
i povlačenja s Mediterana 1807. godine, Velika Britanija je bila primorana vratiti se u
akvatorij Jonskog i Jadranskog mora kao jedina pomorska protivnica Francuske. Osvajanjem Zakinta i Visa stekla je važna uporišta u borbi protiv Francuza, što je dovelo
do inteziviranja sukoba nakon 1809. godine. Britanske eskadrile, koje su bile aktivne u
Jonsko-jadranskom bazenu, bile su sastavljene od manjih i srednjih brzih brodova, koje
su im dozvoljavale piratske metode ratovanja, dok se u malobrojnim, izravnim sukobima tih dviju flota, uvježbanija i iskusnija britanska mornarica pokazala superiornijom
Notes on the history of Radivoj Milojković
No full textУ раду је приређен рукопис Радивоја Милојковића (1833-1888), вишегодишњег службеника у извршној и судској власти у Кнежевини и Краљевини Србији, који садржи податке из политичке, друштвене и правне историје Кнежевине Србије у периоду од почетка 1865. до 1867. године, до сада готово потпуно непознатe у историографији. Рукопис представља изузетно значајан историјски извор, јер потиче из пера савременика и осветљава не само догађајну историју, већ и свакодневни живот кнеза Михаила и кнегиње Јулије, приче које су се могле чути по чаршији, размишљања међу чиновницима о политичким догађајима и поједине аспекте из живота престонице средином шездесетих година 19. века. Други део рукописа посвећен је питању добијања градова, у оквиру којег Милојковић, као посматрач, доноси детаљан опис церемоније предаје кључева и подизања српске заставе, уз приказ општег расположења које је тада владало у Београду. Приређени извор се чува у Државном архиву Србије, у оквиру збирке Поклони и откупи, под сигнатуром к. 70, бр. 355.Radivoj Milojković was born on 9 January 1833, in the village of Glogovac
in the Požarevac district. After receiving private education in his village, he
continued his schooling at the Gymnasium in Smederevo. In 1844, he moved
to Belgrade, where he completed the Gymnasium and Lyceum (1852). He went
on to study in Heidelberg and Paris, completing his education in 1859. Upon
returning to the Principality of Serbia, he took up a position in the Ministry
of Justice and the State Council. In 1863, he became the chief of the Ministry
of Justice, and in 1866, the President of the Appellate Court. From 1868 until
his death in 1888, he was the Minister of Internal Affairs (1868–1869, 1876–
1880, 1887), Prime Minister (1869–1872), and President of the State Council
(1872–1875).
During his tenure as chief in the Ministry of Justice, Milojković began
keeping notes on events in Belgrade in early 1865, as well as on various political
issues in general, which he titled: “My Notes as Data for History, Beginning
1 January 1865”. Being among the prominent officials, he was personally
present at many events, which adds additional value to his manuscript; where
his presence was absent, he obtained information from close associates. His
manuscript contains a wealth of data about the private life of Prince Mihailo
and Princess Julija, the relationship between Government members and the
Prince and Princess, as well as numerous other political and social events
from the mid-1860s. The second part of Milojković’s manuscript is dedicated
to the issue of acquiring cities where the Turkish army still resided: Belgrade,
Smederevo, Kladovo and Šabac. Particularly significant are the details that
Milojković, as an observer, provides about Prince Mihailo’s return to Belgrade,
the mood and enthusiasm among the people, as well as the description of the
ceremony of handing over the keys and raising the Serbian flag
The Geographical Term Stari Vlah – from its Origin to Disappearance from Usage
No full textУ раду је анализиран настанак и разумевање географског појма Стари Влах све до престанка његове употребе као географске одреднице на терену. Први део рада посвећен је питању настанка имена Стари Влах / Стари Власи, а затим је анализирана употреба овог појма у доступним изворима почевши од друге половине 16. века. Указано је на елементе који су имали највећи утицај на дефинисање граница Старог Влаха и његовог схватања као географске целине, при чему се посебно издвајају границе османске судско-административне поделе, односно постојање Старовлашког кадилука. Други део рада посвећен је детаљном дефинисању и реконструкцији граница Старог Влаха и судбини овог појма након његове поделе почетком тридесетих година 19. века, при чему је један део припао Кнежевини Србији, а други остао у саставу Османског царства.In this paper an analysis is provided of how the geographical term Stari Vlah came into being and how it was understood by people until it fell into disuse. The first half of this paper is dedicated to the origins of the term Stari Vlah/Stari Vlasi, with an analysis of how this term was used in the available sources, beginning from the second half of the 16th century. Also provided is insight into those elements which had the most influence in defining the borders of Stari Vlah and how it was perceived as a geographical entity, with special attention given to the borders of Ottoman legal-administrative divisions, i.e. the existence of the Stari Vlah kadiluk. The second half of this paper provides a detailed definition and reconstruction of the borders of Stari Vlah and the fate of this term after the region was divided between the Principality of Serbia and the Ottoman Empire in the early 1830s. This paper incorporates material from both published and unpublished sources, as well as literature
Career Guidance and Counselling Policy in Serbia – Views of Key Actors
No full textKarijerno vođenje i savetovanje (KViS) je tokom poslednjeg veka doživelo značajne
promene kako u teorijskom konstruktu, tako i u praktičnoj delatnosti. Ključnu ulogu
u oblikovanju ove međuresorne delatnosti ima politika, pa smo sproveli kvalitativno
istraživanje boljeg razumevanja pozicija koje imaju akteri kreiranja KViS politika u Srbiji i
opisali njihove aktivnosti na polju kreiranja ovih politika. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo aktivnosti
osam organizacija koje Kancelarija za dualno obrazovanje i Nacionalni okvir kvalifikacija
smatra ključnim akterima u kreiranju politika KViS u Srbiji. Rezultati istraživanja
ukazuju na dobru saradnju među ključnim akterima, bogatu aktivnost na legislativnom i
istraživačkom polju, ali i potrebu boljeg koordinisanja KViS delatnosti, rešavanja njenog
finansiranja, kao i potrebu promene KViS paradigme od profesionalne orijentacije ili inicijalnog
odabira karijere mladih, ka instrumentu celoživotnog učenja svih ciljnih grupa.Career guidance and counselling (CGC) has undergone significant transformations over the past century, both as a theoretical construct and as a practical activity Policy plays a crucial role in regulating this cross-sectoral activity, wherefore we conducted a qualitative research to gain a better understanding of the views held by the
key actors involved in creating CGC policies in Serbia and describe their policy-making
activities. The research outlines the activities of eight organisations the Office for Dual
Education and the National Qualifications Framework consider the key stakeholders in
CGC policy-making. The findings indicate strong cooperation among the key actors
and extensive legislative and research activities. The study, however, also reveals the need
for better coordination of CGC activities, addressing financial challenges, and shifting
the CGC paradigm focus from professional orientation or initial career choice of young
people to a lifelong learning tool for all target groups