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CardioPRINT: Biometric identification based on the individual characteristics derived from the cardiogram
No full textThis paper investigates the potential of cardiogram-derived traits from electrocardiogram (ECG) and impedance cardiogram (ICG) for biometric identification. Additionally, the influence of induced emotions on cardiogram attributes and their impact on identification accuracy is explored. Method We compare 7 machine learning classifiers using a dataset gathered from 202 individuals to identify the highest-performing classifiers. Subsequently, we analyze three different feature sets employing (ECG-only, ICG-only, and both ECG and ICG). Additionally, we investigate the performance of classifiers under altered emotional states to assess classifiers’ robustness. Results The analysis demonstrates that models employed with both ECG and ICG have the highest statistically significant accuracies. The best-performing Random Forest (RF) model using both ECG and ICG achieves an average accuracy of 97.2 %. All models reveal a decrease in classification accuracies (∼13 %) when not trained and tested under identical emotional conditions. Conclusion Our findings suggest that integration of ECG and ICG-based features could increase the accuracy of identification compared to a single-signal-based approach. Although certain models show slight robustness to altered emotional states, the effect of the emotion is evident and future selection of cardiogram-based features, as well as biometric models, should consider emotional responses
HEXACO-Disintegration (HEXACO-D) personality model in early and late adolescence.
No full textThis study investigated the robustness of the seven-factor HEXACO–Disintegration (HEXACOD) personality model in children and adolescents, across three age groups (10–13, 14–15, and 16–18 years). Using exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), we assessed the invariance of the proposed seven-factor model. The results supported the HEXACOD model's metric invariance across age groups. The Disintegration factor lay outside the HEXACO traits, corroborating the claim that the HEXACO model does not capture a wide range of psychotic-like experiences and behaviors (PLEBs). Moderated nonlinear factor analysis (MNLFA) also showed stability of the HEXACOD model across ages. Furthermore, the results show that Disintegration presents a trait-like disposition on the same level of coherence and robustness as HEXACO traits even in children and adolescents
Turning away from conventional medicine to traditional, complementary, and alternative medical treatments - an irrational choice
No full textAlthough it lacks a solid evidence base, many people
sometimes use traditional, complementary, and alternative
medicine (TCAM) to maintain or improve their health.
TCAM can be used in three different ways: 1) to prevent
illness, 2) as a complement, or 3) as an alternative to to a
prescribed therapy. Whilst there is empirical evidence that
the frequency of TCAM use is partly rooted in irrational
beliefs and cognitive biases, little is known about the
psychological precursors of different ways of its use. In this
study, we examined how the irrational mindset – a
composite of epistemically suspect beliefs and biases –
predicts the way people use TCAM practices. Survey
results from a nationally representative sample of Serbian
citizens (N = 1003) indicated that individuals who endorse
irrational beliefs, especially beliefs in medical conspiracy
theories, are also at a higher risk of replacing
conventionally prescribed therapies with TCAM treatments
on their own. On the other hand, an irrational mindset was
not predictive of either complementary or preventive
TCAM use. Our results suggest that it would be useful for
medical experts to consider their patients’ beliefs when
recommending treatments, as these beliefs might
significantly impact treatment outcomes
The Upper Palaeolithic occupations in the central Balkans: New Data from Bukovac and Orlovača caves, Serbia
No full textThe Balkan peninsula played a crucial role in the Upper Palaeolithic, acting as a corridor for the
dispersal of early Homo sapiens into Europe; subsequently, during the Last Glacial Maximum
(LGM), specific areas within the Balkans emerged as potential refugia for both fauna and human
populations. Its diverse landscape provided a background for a complex demographic
dynamics of retreats and expansions. This underlies the region's important role in population
movements between SW Asia, eastern, central and western Europe (et al. 2023).
Despite the significance of the Balkans in this period, the scarcity of known Upper Palaeolithic
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sites has hindered a full understanding of human adaptations during this period of human
evolution. New research in the last decade produced a series of new sites and sequences that
help us fill in many of the gaps. One of these projects resulted in the discovery of two Palaeolithic
sequences (cave sites Orlovača and Bukovac) that have been excavated intermittently since 2013
(Dogandžić et al. 2014) and that contain a series of Aurignacian and Gravettian occupations.
Here, we will present the results obtained thus far in this ongoing project; data on site
chronologies with optically-stimulated luminescence and radiocarbon dating, site taphonomy,
and the nature of the sites' use by addressing subsistence activities and stone tool technology.
Orlovača's early Upper Palaeolithic levels are consistent with Proto- and Early Aurignacian. The
density and the nature of the finds suggest a short-term occupation of this site during these
times, which, together with the fact that these are found in a hilly and higher elevation area,
unusual for the Aurignacian in this region (Hauck et al. 2017), adds to the value of this region for
understand land-use strategies of early Homo sapiens in the region. Bukovac cave sequence
revealed Gravettian occupations around 25ka ± 120 14C BP, with a distinctive richness of bones
and combustion features/products, as well as lithic industry consistent with Middle/Late
Aurignacian that was discovered on a small area. We will further place these findings in the
broader context of the dispersal dynamics and settlement patterns of early Homo sapiens and the
subsistence of populations carrying Gravettian techno-complex around the LGM during the resettlement
of the mountainous interior of the peninsula.65th Conference the Hugo Obermaier Society April 2-6 2024, Weimar, Conference - Abstract
The emergence of Levallois technology in the Middle Palaeolithic of the Balkans: lithic assemblages from Velika Balanica and Selačka Cave 3
No full textThe appearance of the Levallois method marked the beginning of the Middle Paleolithic in Western and Central Europe, where it has been in continuous use since MIS 9, if not earlier [1]. In Eastern Europe and the Southern Caucasus, the appearance of Levallois technology is recorded as early as MIS 9 [2], but widespread use dates back only to MIS 6. However, this technology's appearance in the Balkans has long been unresolved. The Levallois artifacts found at the Mamaia Sat site in Romania are dated to MIS 9-7, with the chronology of the site derived from correlations with the loess-paleosol sequence in the Danube Delta [3], while the artifacts from layer 10b in Kozarnika are dated to MIS 7-MIS 6 but they have not yet been published in detail [4]. At all other sites in the Balkans, Levallois artifacts are dated to a later period - from the transition from MIS6/5 to the end of the Middle Paleolithic. More recent investigations of Velika Balanica and Selačka Cave 3 in eastern Serbia have shed more light on this issue. Both caves were dated using the ESR technique. In Selačka 3 Levallois artifacts were found in layer 3, which was dated to the end of MIS 7 and MIS 6, while in Velika Balanica they were found in layer 2, which, even though earlier dates were obtained for some samples, probably come from the same period. Findings from Selačka Cave 3 and Velika Balanica indicate that the Levallois technology appeared in the Balkans at least as early as the end of MIS 7 and that it continued to be used in MIS 6. These findings have significant implications for understanding the timing and circumstances in which the Levallois method spread to South-East Europe and South-West Asia. Although at this moment it is not possible to see the origin of the Levallois technology in the Eastern Mediterranean, the fact is that it appeared only after the appearance of the Quina/Yabrudian method of blank production, which, when it comes to Southeastern Europe, was also documented in Velika Balanica (in layer 3) [5]. However, it was only with the appearance of the Levallois method in this area that Middle Paleolithic technical behavior was finally shaped.14th Annual Meeting of the European Society for the study of Human Evolution Abstracts Zagreb, 11-15 September 202
Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test: Convergent validity and strategy use
No full textThe Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT; Rey, 1964) is a widely used diagnostic instrument in
neuropsychology; however it has not been previously validated in Serbia. Thus, our aim was to
determine its internal consistency and convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity.
A total of 200 healthy subjects from the general population in Serbia (53% female; Mage= 43.45 years,
SDage = 16.32) completed a battery of tests via an oral examination. Besides RAVLT, all participants
completed three working memory tasks: Digit Span, Digit Ordering, and Letter Memory, as well as a
visual-constructional abilities task: the Ray-Osterit complex figure test (ROCF). They provided
information on socio-demographic variables: gender, age, education, parents’ education and
household income. Subjects were also asked about strategies they used on RAVLT. The study received
approval from the local IRB.
RAVLT showed good internal consistency, with α = .91 to α = .94 for different trials and/or lists. As
hypothesized, RAVLT scores were negatively correlated with age (up to r = -.44, p < .001) and
positively with participants and their parents’ education (up to r = .31, p < .001). We also observed
moderate to large gender differences in RAVLT performance (Cohen’s d up to .62), with women
outperforming men. Somewhat unexpectedly, correlations with working memory tasks were overall
low (up to r = .35, p < .001), and similar to those with ROCF (up to r = .35, p < .001), opening questions
about the complexity of the constructs that these tests measure. Half of participants reported using
strategies (women more often than men), which were associated with better RAVLT performance
(assessed with a t-test).
RAVLT is a reliable and valid instrument, although the constructs it measures may be more complex
than originally assumed. Our study also highlights the importance of strategy use in memory tests
Мирослав А. Лазић, Божидар Вуковић. Између историје и имагинације, Народна библиотека Србије, Београд 2022, 437 стр.
No full textDevelopment and psychometric evaluation of the pictorial test of general knowledge: preliminary findings
No full textThe present study aims to provide preliminary findings on psychometric properties and external validity of the Pictorial test of general knowledge (PTGK) developed as a nonverbal crystallized intelligence test. In this test, each item contains six images, five of which share a relevant characteristic, and participants are instructed to find the odd one out, i.e., to rely on their knowledge and select the image that does not belong with the rest. An item content covered broad domains of knowledge, such as biology, geography, philosophy, history, art (e.g., film, visual arts), sports, pop culture (e.g., fashion, entertainment). A total of 186 participants (Mage = 23.45, SDage = 5.83, 88.0% females), primarily undergraduate and graduate psychology students (80.6%), took part in the study. The PTGK comprised 103 items presented in a randomized order, with a time limit of 25 seconds per item. To assess its construct validity, six cognitive tests measuring broad factors of cognitive abilities were used. Namely, to measure fluid reasoning (Gf), we used Raven's progressive matrices–short form (RPM, 18 items, time limit 6 min; α = .65) and verbal analogies (ALF7, 39 items, 2 min; α = .85); to assess visual processing (Gv), IT2 (39 items, 10 min; α = .85) and Puzzles test were used (PZL, 36 items, 7 min; α = .93); to assess crystallized intelligence (Gc), we used test of synonyms (GSN, 39 items, time limit 2 min; α = .86) and crystallized associations test (CA, 32 items, 4 min; α = .79). In addition, a subsample of psychology students provided information on their achievement on the General knowledge test that was part of their entrance exam. The PTGK proved to be somewhat difficult, with an average accuracy of 38% (SD = .10); however, it demonstrated satisfactory reliability (α = .83). The instrument positively correlated with all external measures – as expected, the highest correlation was found for CA test, a marker of Gc (r = .64, p < .01), while lower correlations were observed for other measures of cognitive abilities (RPM r = .31, p < .01; ALF7 r = .32, p < .01; IT2 r = .34, p < .01; PZL r = .33, p <
.01; GSN r = .28, p < .01). Finally, PTGK positively correlated with self-reported achievement on verbal general knowledge entry exam (r = .36, p < .01). Overall, results indicate that crystallized abilities can be reliably measured exclusively using pictorial content. However, further refinement of the instrument is needed to make it a useful alternative to standard verbal general knowledge tests.30th International Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology March 22 – 24, 2024 Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrad
Feminist Approaches to Childhood: From Children as a Silent Social Group to Giving Voice to Children
No full textU radu su predstavljena dva različita pristupa detinjstvu u istoriji „zapadnog“ feminizma. Prvi deo rada posvećen je ključnom sporu u relevantnoj literaturi oko toga da li su feministkinje uopšte konceptualizovale detinjstvo. U okviru toga, na početku se izlaže dominantno stanovište prema kojem feministkinje nisu pisale o detinjstvu do 1990ih, u nastojanjima da se distanciraju od patrijarhalnog diskursa koji žene vezuje za decu. Zatim se izlažu nalazi novijeg istraživanja iz 2018/21. koje pokazuje da su feministkinje kroz istoriju opsežno pisale o detinjstvu, pretežno teorijske/političke rasprave o zajedničkoj opresiji koju deca i žene trpe od strane odraslih muškaraca. Drugi deo rada osvetljava pojavu drukčijeg načina konceptualizacije detinjstva u feminističkim tekstovima od 1990ih, koji je utemeljen na empirijskim istraživanjima sa decom sa fokusom na aktivnoj re/konstrukciji roda u njihovim socijalnim interakcijama. U prilog tome predstavlja se pionirsko istraživanje iz ovog perioda, koje je utrlo put kasnijim, sličnim konceptualizacijama detinjstva u okviru ovog pristupa. U zaključku se razmatra mogućnost povezivanja ova dva pristupa i njihov potencijalni doprinos sociologiji detinjstva.In this paper, two different approaches to childhood in the history of "Western" feminism are presented. The first part of the paper is devoted to the key dispute in the relevant literature about whether feminists conceptualized childhood at all. Within this, the dominant viewpoint is firstly presented, according to which feminists did not write about childhood until the 1990s, in an effort to distance themselves from the patriarchal discourse that binds women to children. After that, the findings of the latest research from 2018/21 are presented, which shows that feminists throughout history have written extensively on childhood, mostly theoretical/political discussions of the shared oppression that children and women suffer at the hands of adult men. The second part of the paper sheds light on the emergence of a different way of conceptualizing childhood in feminist texts in the 1990s, which is based on empirical research with children with a focus on the active re/construction of gender in their social interactions. In support of this, pioneering research from this period is presented, which paved the way for later, similar conceptualizations of childhood within this approach. The conclusion discusses the possibility of connecting these two approaches and their potential contribution to the sociology of childhood
Paulina Lebl-Albala (1891-1967): Between National Movements and the Feminist Movement
No full textThe paper deals with Paulina Lebl-Albala’s
complex relationship with Serbian and Jewish national
movements on the one hand and with the feminist movement, which is basically international on the other hand,
which prevailed in her personality during various phases
of her life