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MADE IN - Digitalna arhiva za zamišljanje održivosti
No full textMADE IN platforma za savremen zanate i dizajn metodološki predstavlja specifičan spoj promišljanja zanata, lokalnih znanja, resursa i društvenih okolnosti, sa ciljem stvaranja prostora za zamišljanje istinski održivih praksi. Projekat sprovodi deset partnerskih organizacija iz Evrope, koje se opstaju i funkcionišu u suštinski različitim svakodnevnim okruženjima. Često isticani koncepti održivosti, konzumerizma, zelenih politika i cirkularne proizvodnje su u okviru ovog projekta temeljno preispitani, kroz insistiranje na dubinskom upoznavanju okruženja, odnosno mogućnosti i ograničenja koja postoje na lokalnom nivou. Kroz trogodišnji programski rad MADE IN teži da postavi i odgovori na tri osnovna pitanja. Kako diversifikovana sredstva dokumentovanja i savremene upotrebe starih praksi mogu da stvore prostore za zamišljanje boljeg i pravednijeg sveta? Ko sme imati prostor za zamišljanje takvog sveta, a ko ne? I na kraju, kako zamišljati ukoliko ne razvijemo alate za posmatranje, analizu, dokumentovanje i valorizaciju postojećih pozitivnih i negativnih praksi?Osnova svih aktivnosti na projektu jeste Atlas znanja. Ova baza podataka nudi kako informacije, tako i moguća tumačenja značaja zanata kao prakse koja nudi rešenje za postojeće potrebe zajednice; zanata kao inicijalne imaginativne prakse. Želeći da otvori relevantna pitanja u lokanom kontekstu, MADE IN projekat eksperimentiše sa formatima dokumentacije i različitim vidovima kolaborativnog rada i teži pronalaženju novih veza unutar uspostavljenih sistema proizvodnje. Predloženi rad otvoriće pitanje uloge audiovizuelnih sredstava kao vida dokumentacije zantaskih praksi, koje u kontekstu savremene upotrebe kulturnog nasleđa postaju sredstvo za isticanje specifičnih veza pojedinca i njihovog društvenog i prirodnog okruženja.Konferencija ADDA – Audiovizuelne, digitalne i druge arhive u organizaciji Fakulteta dramskih umetnosti od 22. do 24. oktobra 2025. godine u Jugoslovenskoj kinoteci - Saopštenje štampano u izvod
Normative conflicts in deontic logic
No full textMoralna odgovornost je jedan od ključnih pojmova etike i igra centralnu ulogu u razumevanju ljudskog delanja. Međutim, pojam odgovornosti ne možemo u potpunosti objasniti a da ne pomenemo i poteškoće koje proizilaze iz moralnih dilema. Cilj ovog rada nije da se bavimo adekvatnošću etičkih teorija već da ispitamo šta nam logika može reći o prirodi tih poteškoća. Uvreženo je mišljenje da u standardnoj deontičkoj logici, formalizacija moralnih dilema može dovesti do protivrečnosti i samim tim do trivijalizacije skupa moralnih načela, zbog principa ex falso quodlibet. Pitanje na koje ćemo ovde pokušati da odgovorimo je sledeće: na koji način logičari pristupaju ovom problemu i može li standardna deontička logika da izađe na kraj sa ovim filozofskim prigovorima, ili je pak potrebno promeniti logički aparat.Moral responsibility is one of the key concepts in ethics and plays a central role
in understanding human action. However, we cannot fully comprehend the concept
of responsibility without adressing the difficulties posed by moral dilemmas. This
paper does not aim to assess the adequacy of various ethical theories, but rather to
investigate what logic can reveal about the nature of these challenges. It is widely held
that within standard deontic logic, formalizing moral dilemmas can lead to contradictions, thus trivializing the set of moral principles. How logicians approach this problem, and whether standard deontic logic can successfully address these philosophical
challenges, are the main questions we will explore
Dietary patterns of Mesolithic-Neolithic communities in the Central Balkans: data from stable isotope and buccal microwear analyses
No full textDietary behaviours are deeply culturally rooted and represent a great po
tential for understanding the processes underpinned by changes in diet,
such as Neolithisation. The Central Balkans is one of the key areas for un
derstanding this process. Neolithic skeletons are found in multiple cultur
ally and ecologically different niches, including the Danube Gorges (9500
5500 cal. BC), with an environment suitable for fishing and hunting, and the
southern part of the Central Balkans and the Carpathian Basin (6200-5300
cal. BC) with landscape more suitable for agriculture, and where the evi
dence of Mesolithic occupation is only beginning to emerge. To investigate
their dietary patterns, we conducted stable isotope and buccal microwear
analyses on ca. 100 individuals from these regions. Stable isotope ratios of
δ13C, δ15N δ34S showed aquatic fauna and hunted game played an im
portant role in the diet of Danube Gorges inhabitants through the whole
sequence, although in the Neolithic there is a change toward consumption
of more terrestrial food. Communities in the other studied areas had a typ
ical Neolithic terrestrial diet, while aquatic fauna did not play an important
role. Microwear analysis showed that the diet of the Mesolithic communities
was highly abrasive and reliant on meat. In the Neolithic, there was a change
in the diet texture, which was not so much the consequence of diet com
position, but of the change in food preparation techniques. Integration of
these two complementary methods enabled a better understanding of the
mechanism of the complex processes that were part of the Neolithisation in
the Central Balkans.2nd International Conference on the Emergence of the Neolithic in Europe, Zadar, 22–25 May 2025 - Saopštenje sa međunarodnog skupa štampano u izvod
It’s not just the Web, It’s the Spider as well: Prioritising Education over Structural Changes
No full textThe responsible and reliable use of web-based technologies is unquestionably crucial in the era of information abundance. Strategies aimed at mitigating false and misleading content online can be divided into structuralist and educational approaches. In this paper, we aim to demonstrate that most proponents of these strategies overlook the active role of users in web-based information and communication channels. They generally tend to view internet users as passive recipients of information who require external regulation and guidance to discern between reliable and unreliable online information in making well-informed judgments. What we aim to show is that responsible and meaningful engagement with information online encompasses much more than the existing proposals within demarcation approaches. It entails developing abilities that can be characterised as ‘third-order assessments’, which can help users not only to minimise the negative factors undermining the reliable use of information technology but also in ensuring reliable and responsible use of its communicative aspects. The paper concludes by offering suggestions on cultivating these skills and proposes their integration into school curricula
Psychological aspects of scientism
No full textFilozofski fakultetОпште неповерење у науку и научнике, као и различита специфична антинаучна
уверења, оправдано привлаче велику пажњу истраживача због негативних последица које
оваква уверења могу имати на појединце и друштво у целини. Међутим, поверење у науку
такође може попримити неоправдане сразмере, тако да таква уверења о науци не одговарају
њеним стварним дометима, што је се у филозофској литератури означава појмом
сцијентизма, чији смо психолошки садржај и корелате испитивали у овој дисертацији. У
првој фази конструисали смо Упитник сцијентистичких уверења који се односио како на
науку и научни метод тако и на научнике. Нови упитник састоји се од 20 скала Терстоновог
типа, како би осигурали да имамо неутралну тачку (‖критичко поверење‖) у односу на коју
би могли да тврдимо да су екстремнији облици поверења некритички. Упитник је
концептуално валидиран од стране стручњака из области психометрије и филозофије науке,
као и од стране лаика. Показао је како конвергентну, као и предиктивну валидност, односно,
очекиване везе са научним знањем, прецењивањем познавања научних концепата, те са
догматизмом. У другој фази показали смо на репрезентативном узорку грађана Србије да је
некритичко поверење у науку и научнике учесталије од неповерења, као и да су
сцијентистичка уверења негативно повезана са антинаучним уверењима (веровањем у
теорије завере, псеудонауку, паранормално, сујеверје). Показали смо, међутим, и да су
сцијентистичка уверења, слично као и наведена антинаучна уверења, повезана позитивно са
потребом за заокруженошћу и нетолеранцијом неизвесности, а негативно са когнитивном
рефлексивношћу и когнитивним способностима. У два експеримента у оквиру треће фазе
истраживали смо да ли су особе са израженијим сцијентистичким уверењима склоније да се
ослањају на научне сигнале као хеуристике приликом процене квалитета објашњења и
аргумената. У првом експерименту потврдили смо да испитаници објашњења психолошких
феномена процењују као квалитетнија онда када су допуњена небитном неуронаучном
информацијом него када нису. У другом експерименту показали смо да аргументе процењују
као квалитетније када су представљени као да долазе од научних извора него од стране
лаичких извора. Нисмо, међутим, нашли потврду за наша очекивања да ће сцијентистичка
уверења модерирати ове ефекте. Кроз две студије у оквиру четврте фазе испитивали
смо однос између сцијентистичких уверења и склоности да се подржавају мере кажњавања
за особе које се не понашају у складу са научним препорукама или промовишу антинаучна
уверења. Израженија сцијентистичка уверења пратила је јача подршка за предложене мере
кажњавања, од медијске цензуре, преко новчаног или затворског кажњавања, па до укидања
права на здравствену заштиту. У другој студији показали смо да морализовање
рационалности може делимично објаснити ове везе. Коначно, у петој фази истраживали смо да ли су особе са израженијим сцијентистичким уверењима склоније да позитивно гледају на
етички проблематичне експерименте. У две студије, једној на студентском узорку, а другој
на пригодном узорку из опште популације, нисмо добили значајне везе између ових
феномена. Резултате ових студија дискутовали смо из више теоријских перспектива као што
су теорије обраде информација или идентитске теорије, као и у ширем контексту
комуникације, друштвених односа, и политичке партиципације грађана.Mistrust in science and scientists, as well as various specific anti-scientific beliefs, naturally attract
considerable attention from researchers due to the negative consequences such beliefs can have on
individuals and society as a whole. However, trust in science can also take on unjustified
proportions, so that such beliefs about science do not correspond to its actual capacities — a
phenomenon referred to in the philosophical literature as scientism, whose psychological content
and correlates were examined in this dissertation. In the first phase, we constructed the Scientistic
Beliefs Questionnaire, which covers beliefs about science, the scientific method, and scientists
themselves. The new questionnaire consists of 20 Thurstone-type scales, ensuring a neutral point
("critical trust") against which more extreme forms of trust could be identified as uncritical. The
questionnaire was conceptually validated by experts in psychometrics and philosophy of science, as
well as by laypeople. It demonstrated both convergent and predictive validity, i.e., expected
associations with scientific knowledge, overestimation of scientific concepts familiarity, and
dogmatism. In the second phase, we demonstrated on a representative sample of Serbian citizens
that uncritical trust in science and scientists is more prevalent than mistrust and that scientistic
beliefs are negatively associated with anti-scientific beliefs (belief in conspiracy theories,
pseudoscience, paranormal phenomena, and superstition). However, we also showed that scientistic
beliefs - much like the aforementioned anti-scientific beliefs - are positively correlated with the
need for cognitive closure and intolerance of uncertainty, and negatively correlated with cognitive
reflectiveness and cognitive abilities. In two experiments in the third phase, we examined whether
individuals with stronger scientistic beliefs are more likely to rely on scientific cues as heuristics
when assessing the quality of explanations and arguments. In the first experiment, we confirmed
that participants evaluate explanations of psychological phenomena as more credible when they are
supplemented with irrelevant neuroscientific information than when they are not. In the second
experiment, we showed that participants evaluate arguments as better when they are presented as
coming from scientific sources rather than from lay sources. However, we did not find evidence for
our expectation that scientistic beliefs would moderate these effects. In two studies in the fourth
phase, we examined the relationship between scientistic beliefs and the tendency to support punitive
measures against individuals who do not adhere to scientific recommendations or who promote
anti-scientific beliefs. Stronger scientistic beliefs were associated with greater support for the
proposed punitive measures, ranging from media censorship and financial or prison penalties to the
denial of healthcare rights. In the second study, we demonstrated that the moralization of rationality can partially explain these associations. Finally, in the fifth phase, we investigated whether
individuals with stronger scientistic beliefs are more inclined to view ethically problematic
experiments in a positive light. In two studies — one with a student sample and one with a
convenience sample from the general population — we did not observe significant associations
between these phenomena. The results of these studies were discussed from multiple theoretical
perspectives, such as information processing theories and identity theories, as well as in the broader
context of communication, social relations, and citizens' political participation.
Distributed approach to modelling polysemy advantage in error-driven learning models
No full textPolysemy advantage (Rodd, 2020) is a processing advantage found in words with multiple
related senses (e.g. head – body part or leader). We rely on error-driven learning to gain a
functional understanding of how the effect arises (NDL; Baayen et al., 2011). NDL utilises
word form elements as cues and maps them to localist representations of the meaning as
outcomes. However, single localist representation does not account for the multiple semantic
representations of polysemous words, much less the relatedness among senses. An attempt to
resolve this Filipović Đurđević and Kostić (2023) successfully employed the distributional
approach and extended outcomes of each learning event (a single word) with words from the
immediate context of each occurrence of the word in the corpus. Representational similarity
among occurrences was captured by overlap in context words. A question remains whether this
variation in senses drives learning only at the outcome level, or learning of multiple word
senses can also benefit from the co-occuring words (i.e. their constituting trigrams) as cues
predicting a localist outcome. Thus, we ran two learning simulations, one replicating Filipović
Đurđević & Kostić (2023; sim A) and another where disambiguated senses are at the cue level
(sim B). We compare the predictivity of the numeric measures derived from the network
connection weights which should reflect variations in the number of senses between
polysemous words. Predictivity of the NDL-based measures was tested against lexical decision
task performance collected for nouns, verbs and adjectives. Regression analyses were
conducted separately for each part of speech due to variations in word samples that affected
both simulations and task performance. We tested whether NDL measures improve fit over and
above standard lexical predictors. Sim A offered a better improvement in fit, albeit modest for
nouns (ΔML = 1.5) and verbs (ΔML = 1.9), but more significant for adjectives (ΔML = 7.4).
Improvements were also observed in sim B for adjectives, but similar to sim A (ΔML = 7.4).
Overall, results reveal that polysemy can be captured by the cue competition within the context
at the input level. Still, additional benefit comes from the disambiguation of senses at the
outcome level.Otvoreni pristup: https://empirijskaistrazivanja.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/EIP2025_book_of_abstracts.pdf
31. međunarodni naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji
28–30. mart 2025; Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu; Saopštenja štampana u izvod
Wild or Domestic? Identification Criteria of Cereal Chaff Remains with Examples from Neolithic Southeast Europe and Southwest Asia
No full textCereals are a fundamental part of the archaeobotanical record, yet identification criteria have evolved
through time, and different scientific traditions approach chaff remains in different ways - hopefully with
similar results! This workshop aims to explore cereal chaff identification, with a focus on wheats, but also
considering barley. Hand-outs detailing our identification criteria will be provided. We would also like to
take this opportunity to call for attention to examine whether identified chaff items have or do not have
domestic breakage types, as we have detected numerous specimens with wild-type scars in our
investigations on early sites (6400-5700 BC) in North Macedonia. To investigate this topic – but also to
challenge our own observations - we will bring modern and ancient material for demonstration and
discussion (not only from North Macedonia, but also from SW Asia). We are also looking forward to seeing
challenging (or not-so-challenging) chaff remains from other sites in SE Europe or in mountainous areas
elsewhere.Spring Conference of the Association for Environmental Archaeology. Of Mountains and Rivers: Perspectives in Environmental Archaeology 12-13 April 2025, Sofia, Bulgari
Experiences of transition to parenthood ans changes in the partner relationship
No full textThe pregnancy period and transition to parenthood bring about a wide range of changes in
terms of adapting to the new role as a parent and also the relationship between partners.
Previous research tended to either focus only on the perspective of one partner or on exploring
gender differences. This study aimed to understand the lived experiences of both expectant
parents during pregnancy and to explore how they perceive the changes in their relationship.
Five heterosexual couples expecting their first child took part in in-depth semi-structured
interviews. We relied on interpretative phenomenological thematic analysis, and developed the
coding scheme inductively. Two clusters of themes emerged. The first one, concerned with the
perception of relationship changes, includes a closely knit cluster of three themes: Strengthened
partner relationship, Baby as the center of the world - becoming a family, and Overly optimistic
view of the future. The partners emphasized that during pregnancy, they felt closer to each
other, had more mutual understanding, and perceived each other as a crucial support in life.
The parents-to-be stressed the importance of the baby as the source of a new purpose and
meaning, transforming the relationship from a mere partner relationship to a “real family”. The
couples were characterized by an overly optimistic vision of the future, which included the
expectation of further strengthening of the relationship after the birth, without any obstacles or
challenges. The second cluster of themes concerns the partners’ experience of pregnancy as a
transitory period that poses various challenges and requires adjustments and includes the
following themes: Sexual challenges associated with differences in perceptions of women’s
attractiveness, The importance of teamwork, and Different attitudes towards worry. Body
changes are perceived as more difficult by women than by men, but they generally do not affect
intimacy. Teamwork and mutual support are perceived as especially important both during
pregnancy and when raising a child, although patriarchal gender norms are still visible to a
certain extent. Anxiety regarding childbirth and child rearing is significantly more pronounced
in women, while men represent an important source of support. Our findings expand the scope
of knowledge regarding the early transition to parenthood and partner dynamics during
pregnancy, implying an egalitarian, supportive and highly optimistic image of a growing
family.31. međunarodni naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji
28–30. mart 2025; Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu - saopštenje štampano u izvod