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Novus Israel: An Outline for a History of the Concept of Divine Election in the Serbian Milieu (13th–16th Centuries)
No full textU radu se ispituju specifični pojavni oblici i značenja ideje o bogoizabranju u trima različitim periodima srpske srednjovekovne istorije. Diskusija, bazirana na raznovrsnom korpusu proslavnih tekstova nastalih u razdoblju XIII–XVI veka, podeljena je u tri dela: u prvom se analizira diskurs izabranosti u delu jeromonaha Domentijana; u drugom se, s istim ciljem, razmatraju kultni spisi o knezu Lazaru i Kosovskoj bici, dok se u trećem težište premešta na hagiografske te himnografske sastave posvećene sremskim despotima Brankovićima.The purpose of the present essay is to analyse the specific meanings and implications of the idea of divine election as manifested in different periods of Serbian medieval history. Based on selected works of hagiography, hymnography,
and other texts whose primary function was celebrating the memory of a revered
saintly figure, the discussion is divided into three sections (excluding the introductory remarks dedicated to key methodological concepts, notably that of biblical typology). The first section focuses on the oeuvre of Domentian, a hieromonk
of the Hilandar monastery (fl. mid-13th century), particularly his Life of St Sava
of Serbia. Constructing an ideological backdrop to the rule of the Nemanjić dynasty, which was considered a sort of channel between its subjects and God, the
hagiographer incorporated the notion of chosenness into a sophisticated political-theological programme centred on his protagonist, St Sava. Himself a scion of
the ruling family and the first archbishop of the autocephalous Serbian Church,
Sava was the one who, according to Domentian, ushered the Serbs into sacred
history as a new chosen people worthy of the Almighty’s grace.
The next section takes us to a much later time (1390s and early 1400s), in
which the Serbian state was still recovering from the ruinous clash with the Ottomans at Kosovo on 15 June 1389. The veneration of Lazar, the Serbian prince who
had been slain on the battlefield, began immediately after the fact, and the texts
that gave rise to his cult made ample use of the concept of divine election. Building upon the metahistorical cycle which encapsulated the relationship between
God and the Hebrews of old (sin – punishment – repentance – redemption), the
authors of these writings interpreted the Ottoman invasion as an act of retribution from on high and Lazar’s death as one of sacrifice, which was supposed to
redeem the entire people and lead them back to the path of deliverance.
Finally, the third section deals with a group of texts dedicated to the
Branković family, whose members were titular despots of the Serbs in Syrmia in
the late 15th and early 16th centuries. In this case, unlike the former two, the
idea of chosenness does not seem to have been integrated into a concrete political
agenda. Indeed, it is far more likely that it was used by the Orthodox Church in
southern Hungary to form a new spiritual hearth for an ever-growing population
of Serbian refugees who identified with and prayed to their saintly rulers, aware
that their prospects of eternal salvation lay exclusively in the latter’s powers of
intercession with God
Social-identity Interventions for Intergroup Bias Reduction: Systematization and Recommendations for the Improvement of Procedures
No full textFilozofski fakultetU fokusu ovog rada bile su socijalnoidentitetske intervencije za smanjenje međugrupnih
pristrasnosti, preciznije, metodološke prakse koje se koriste pri testiranju ovih intervencija. Cilj nam
je bio da sistematski pregledamo prakse korišćenja provera efikasnosti manipulacije (da li
manipulacija utiče na konstrukt koji želimo njome da manipulišemo) i uverljivosti intervencija, a
zatim da eksperimentalno testiramo kako individualne razlike oblikuju odnose između intervencije i
njene uverljivosti, efikasnosti i uspešnosti.
U sistematskom pregledu literature (Studija 1), analizirali smo postojeće prakse provera
manipulacije i uverljivosti u eksperimentalnim studijama koje ispituju efekte socijalnoidentitetskih
intervencija. Posebnu pažnju obratili smo na učestalost upotrebe provera uverljivosti i efikasnosti
manipulacije u ovim eksperimentima, kao i na njihovu ulogu u istraživanju, tj. da li se koriste kao
kriterijum za isključenje učesnika iz analize efekata intervencija. Rezultati pokazuju da je upotreba
provera efikasnosti manipulacije češća nego što je prethodno zabeleženo u socijalnopsihološkim
eksperimentima. S druge strane, upotreba provera uverljivosti je izuzetno retka. Takođe, primećeno
je da se ove vrste provera retko koriste kao kriterijum za isključenje.
Zatim smo kroz četiri eksperimenta (Studija 2) testirali dve varijante dualnoidentitetskih
intervencija (podvrsta socijalnoidentitetskih intervencija) koje potiču iz paradigme „Grupa poveznica“
– jednu formulisanu iz perspektive nepripadničke grupe, a drugu iz perspektive pripadničke grupe.
Poseban fokus bio je na razlikama između intervencija u pogledu njihove uverljivosti i efikasnosti u
izazivanju percepcije dualnog identiteta manjinske grupe, kao i na odnosima između individualnih
razlika u političkoj orijentaciji, etničkoj identifikaciji, zauzimanju perspektive drugih etnokulturnih
grupa, opažanju međugrupne pretnje pretnje i kontaktu sa spoljnom grupom s jedne strane, i uverljvosti
sadržaja intervencije i percepcije dualnog identiteta sa druge strane. Eksperimenti su sprovedeni u tri
postkonfliktna konteksta: Srbiji, Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine i Republici Srpskoj. Naši rezultati
dosledno ukazuju na to da procenu uverljivosti oblikuju individualne razlike u opaženoj pretnji i
preuzimanju perspektive. Kada je reč o razlikama između intervencija, primećeno je da procena
uverljivosti moderira efikasnost intervencije formulisane iz perspektive nepripadničke grupe, dok
ovakav efekat nije zabeležen kod intervencije formulisane iz perspektive pripadničke grupe. Ovaj efekat
je bio posebno izražen u kontekstima koji su bili direktnije pogođeni nedavnim međugrupnim
konfliktom (Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine, Republika Srpska), u poređenju sa Srbijom, gde je
konflikt bio manje direktno prisutan.
Na kraju, kroz dva eksperimenta (Studija 3), testirali smo da li uverljivost oblikuje uspešnost
intervencija u smanjenju pristrasnosti. Konzistentno sa nalazima Studije 2, primetili smo da je uverljivost
važan faktor uspešnosti intervencije formulisane iz perspektive nepripadničke grupe, ali ne i intervencije
formulisane iz perspektive pripadničke grupe. Značajno je napomenuti da je intervencija formulisana iz
perspektive nepripadničke grupe imala kontraefekat u slučajevima kada je ocenjena kao neuverljiva,
posebno u kontekstu u kom je opažena međugrupna pretnja snažnija (Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine).
Dobijene rezultate diskutovali smo u kontekstu socijalnoidentitetskog pristupa međugrupnim
pristrasnostima i ponudili preporuke za dalja testiranja i primenu socijalnoidentitetskih intervencija.In this thesis, we focused on social-identity interventions for intergroup bias reduction, more
precisely, on methodological practices used when these interventions are tested. We aimed to
systematically review practices of using manipulation and plausibility checks, and then to
experimentally test how individual differences shape the relations between intervention and its
plausibility, effectiveness, and success.
In the systematic literature review (Study 1), we analyzed the current practices of plausibility
and manipulation checks use in experimental studies that test social-identity interventions for
intergroup bias reduction. We were interested in the frequency of plausibility and manipulation
checks use in these experiments, as well as on the purpose of these checks, i.e., whether they are used
as criteria for participants’ exclusion from the analysis of interventions’ effects. The results indicate
that the use of manipulation checks is more frequent than the previously observed average in sociopsychological experiments. On the other hand, the use of plausibility checks is extremely rare.
Additionally, we observed that these types of checks are rarely used as exclusion criteria.
Then, across four experiments (Study 2), we tested two variations of a dual-identity
intervention that originate from the Gateway group paradigm – one framed from the outgroup
perspective, and another framed from the ingroup perspective. Here we were particularly focused on
differences between the interventions in terms of their plausibility and effectiveness to induce
perception of gateway groups’ dual identity, as well as on the relations between individual differences
in ideological beliefs, ethnic identification, ethnocultural perspective taking, outgroup threat
perception, and outgroup contact on one hand, and plausibility and dual identity perception on the
other. The experiments were conducted in three post-conflict contexts: Serbia, Federation of Bosnia
and Herzegovina, and Republika Srpska. Our results consistently indicated that plausibility
assessment is shaped by individual differences in outgroup threat perception and perspective taking.
When it comes to the differences between the interventions, we observed that the effectiveness of
outgroup experience intervention, but not ingroup norm intervention, was moderated by plausibility
assessment. This effect was especially pronounced in the contexts that were more directly affected
by the recent intergroup conflict (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska),
compared to the context of Serbia where conflict was present less directly.
Finally, across two experiments (Study 3), we tested whether plausibility shaped the success
of the interventions in bias reduction. Consistent to Study 2, we observed that plausibility was
important for the success of the outgroup experience intervention, but not the ingroup norm one.
Importantly, we observed a backfire effect of the outgroup intervention among the individuals who
assessed it as implausible in the context charged with intergroup threat (Federation of Bosnia and
Herzegovina). We discuss the observed results in the context of social-identity approach to intergroup bias
and offer recommendations for further testing application of social-identity interventions.
Celoživotno obrazovanje osoba sa invaliditetom - prepreke, podrška i preporuke za unapređenje univerzitetskog fragmenta
No full textCeloživotno obrazovanje osoba sa invaliditetom može predstavljati strategiju za unapređenje kvaliteta života i društvene pozicije osoba sa invaliditetom i podršku njihovom autonomnom življenju. Od 2009. godine u Republici Srbiji se sprovode obrazovne reforme radi razvoja celoživotnog obrazovanja osoba sa invaliditetom, koje su posebno obuhvatile fragment douniverzitetskog obrazovanja. Uprkos sprovedenim reformama, o pojedinim fragmentima celoživotnog obrazovanja osoba sa invaliditetom nemamo mnogo podataka, posebno ne iz perspektive samih osoba sa invaliditetom. U celokupnom opusu istraživanja inkluzivnog obrazovanja najučestalije se ispituju nastavnici, kao agensi koji zamišljene politike obrazovanja treba da sprovedu u praksu. Izuzetno su retka istraživanja koja u svoj fokus stavljaju osobe sa invaliditetom i koja nastoje da ispitaju njihovo iskustvo školovanja, posebno u domenu univerzitetskog obrazovanja. Tako se oni kojima je inkluzija u obrazovanju "namenjena" marginalizuju u akademskim istraživanjima i procesu kreiranja znanja. Radi uključivanja studenata u proces kreiranja znanja koje se tiče njihovog univerzitetskog obrazovanja i identifikovanja važnih aspekata iskustva univerzitetskog školovanja osoba sa invaliditetom sproveli smo fokusgrupno istraživanje sa ukupno 7 studenata sa invaliditetom Univerziteta u Beogradu. Na osnovu dobijenih podataka su formulisane preporuke za unapređenje kvaliteta univerzitetskog obrazovanja, kao jednog od fragmenata celoživotnog obrazovanja osoba sa invaliditetom.Lifelong education of persons with disabilities can represent a strategy for improving their
quality of life and social position as well as support to their autonomous living. Since 2009, educational
reforms have been implemented in the Republic of Serbia for developing the lifelong education of
persons with disabilities, with a special focus on the fragment of the pre-university education. Despite
the implemented reforms, we do not have much data on individual fragments of the lifelong education
of persons with disabilities, especially not from the perspective of the persons themselves. In the entire
body of research on inclusive education, teachers are most often examined as agents who should put
the designated education policies into practice. Research that focuses on persons with disabilities and
seeks to examine their experience of education, especially in the domain of university education, is
extremely rare. Consequently, those for whom inclusion in education is “intended” are marginalized
in academic research and the process of knowledge creation. In order to include students in the process
of knowledge creation regarding their university education and identify important aspects of the
experience of university education of persons with disabilities, we conducted a focus group study with
a total of seven students with disabilities at the University of Belgrade. Based on the obtained data,
recommendations were formulated for improving the quality of university education as one fragment
of the lifelong education of persons with disabilities
Socio-demographic characteristics of women and support systems as a potential determining factors of the fertility level in Serbia
No full textCilj ovog rada jeste da na osnovu rezultata empirijskog kvantitativnog istraživanja
realizovanog na Filozofskom fakultetu u Beogradu u periodu od 2020. do 2023. godine,
ispita korelacija različitih faktora i odluke žena o tome koliko će dece roditi. Prilikom analize
podataka usmerili smo se na socio-demografske karakteristike i porodični i društveni
kontekst za koje, držeći se nalaza dosadašnjih istraživanja, pretpostavljamo da utiču na
odluku ispitanica da rode jedno ili više dece. Za ispitivanje korelacija pored testova odnosa
varijabli, koristili smo i model binarne logističke regresije. Nakon analize zaključili smo da
su se kao značajni prediktori pokazali godine starosti ispitanice, njen bračni status, starost
ispitanice prilikom rađanja prvog deteta i ocena značajnosti vrtića za usklađivanje rada i
roditeljstva. Prediktori za koje smo na osnovu teorijskog okvira pretpostavili da će se pokazati
kao značajni, ali nisu, jesu materijalni položaj ispitanice, obrazovanje, njen radni status
i to da li je imala pomoć u periodu odgajanja dece. Pri tome se testom korelacije pokazalo
da je broj sati angažovanja starijih generacija ipak u korelciji sa odlukom o broju dece. Stoga
se može zaključiti da pored individualnih karakteristika, spoljni faktori koji se prvenstveno
očitavaju u podršci mladim majkama, imaju važnu ulogu prilikom planiranja porodice.This paper aims to examine, based on the results of an empirical quantitative
study, the influence of various factors on women’s decisions regarding the number of children they will have. The research was conducted through a survey carried out between
2020 and 2023 at the Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade. In analyzing the data, we focused
on socio-demographic characteristics and the family and social context, which—according
to our theoretical framework—are assumed to influence respondents’ decisions to have
one or more children. To examine the correlation of these factors, in addition to variable
relationship tests, we also used a binary logistic regression model. The analysis showed that
significant predictors included the respondent’s age, marital status, age at the birth of the
first child, and the perceived importance of kindergartens in balancing work and parenting. Predictors that were theoretically assumed to be significant but were not confirmed as
such include the respondent’s material status, level of education, employment status, and whether she received help during the child-rearing period. However, correlation testing
indicated that the number of hours of support provided by older generations is correlated
with decisions about family size. Therefore, it can be concluded that, in addition to individual characteristics, external factors—especially support available to young mothers—play
an essential role in family planning
“For the Patrimony, Fatherland, Country and Realm”: The National and the Patriotic in the World of Serbian Medieval Chivalric Romance
No full textУ покушају да се у оквиру српског средњовековног политичког
дискурса подробније проуче они начини исказивања националних и патриотских садржаја који су имали световнији карактер, анализи су подвргнути текстови дела витешке књижевности на српском језику: Роман о Троји
и Српска Александрида. Показало се да у Роману о Троји национални и патриотски садржаји практично потпуно изостају, док улогу главног оквира
колективне идентификације има припадност витешком сталежу. Међутим,
у Српској Александриди усредсређеност на лик моћног владара и војсковође
који се у својим походима суочава са другим владарима, државама и народима показала се као плодно тло за бројне примере исказивања националних и патриотских осећања. Осим општих израза љубави и привржености
према сопственом народу, земљи и држави, ти примери обухватају и мотиве
бриге и оружане борбе за њихову добробит, као и ставове о њиховој супериорности у односу на друге. С обзиром на популарност и јасно изражену
поучну намену дела те на сведочанства о његовом утицају у круговима који
су обликовали политички дискурс, може се основано претпоставити да су у
њему заступљени начини исказивања националних и патриотских садржаја
имали своје одразе и одјеке у српској средини тог доба.Previous research has demonstrated that expressions of national and patriotic sentiments in Serbian medieval political discourse were for the most part permeated by the Christian faith, teaching and rhetoric. In an attempt to examine more secular forms of expressing those sentiments, attention is drawn to works of chivalric literature preserved in the Serbian language: the Romance of Troy and the Serbian Alexander Romance. Analysis of their texts shows that in the Romance of Troy the main framework of collective identification is provided by belonging to the knightly class, while national and patriotic content is practically nonexistent. However, in the Serbian Alexander Romance, focus on the character of a powerful ruler and general who during his campaigns repeatedly encounters other rulers, states and peoples, provided an environment favorable to including numerous expressions of sentiments that can be considered national or patriotic. On the most basic level, these appear as general expressions of love and affection towards one’s own people, country and state, from directly addressing compatriots as “beloved” (including “beloved above all others”) to subtly associating thoughts of home with the feeling of being enamored. However, there also appear motifs of concern for the people’s, country’s and state’s wellbeing and of readiness to take up arms for their sake. These are exemplified by instances in which characters from the Romance refrain from actions that would result in the “destruction of all the beauties of our land”, enquire about “how does the land/realm of Macedonia/Persia stand”, call on their subjects to “fight for the patrimony, fatherland, country and realm” (in some versions “patrimonial country” and “realm of the fathers”), vow to either prevail in battle or “die honorably on my land among my people”, and view selfsacrifice in such a struggle as a “death which turns into (eternal) life” and an act for which “the Persians will call you great”. Finally, there are also expressions of national and patriotic sentiments through claims of superiority in relation to others (“With my father Philip you were better than all peoples, and therefore you rule with me”; “Persians ... are fair and adorned like women, but the Macedonians are indomitable lions”; “no river can stop Macedonian horses”, “O, great Porus, you Indian jackass ... come to the battle with all your might, to do more honor to the Macedonians”, etc). In view of the evident popularity and clearly stated didactic purpose of the Alexander Romance, as well as its confirmed influence in circles which shaped Serbian political discourse from the beginning of the 14th century at the latest, it seems justified to postulate that its expressions of national and patriotic content had their parallels and echoes among contemporary Serbs.Конференција „Концепти национализма и патриотизма у српском политичком дискурсу – Средњи век, нови век, савремено доба“, Филозофски факултет Универзитета у Београду 30. и 31. маја 2024. - Саопштења штампана у целин
The formal features of protest slogans as an element of symbolic struggle in Serbia’s faculty blockades (2024-2025)
No full textThis paper examines the visual and formal characteristics of student protest slogans that emerged during the wave of university blockades and mass demonstrations in Serbia that played a pivotal role in shaping Serbia's socio-political landscape from late 2024 through 2025. As a continuation of previous research focused on slogan content, this study shifts the analytical focus to the visual dimension of protest communication. The analysis is based on a dataset of 929 photographs of protest banners collected between December 2024 and February 2025 across 35 faculties at five universities in Serbia. Using a deductive coding approach, the study explores features such as script type, language, text-image interplay, and the distinction between internal and external banners. Findings show that most slogans were written in Serbian and predominantly used Cyrillic script, often combining text with visual elements to enhance symbolic impact. The use of national script functioned both as an identity marker and as a strategy of symbolic resistance. Visual stylisation, multimodal composition, and emotional vocabulary played a crucial role in shaping public perception and internal group solidarity. Protest slogans thus operated as multimodal forms of symbolic struggle, linking visual design with political critique in a context of shrinking democratic space.New Divisions, Struggles and Solidarities in South East Europe, International Scientific Conference Belgrade, June 13–14, 2025
First record of a Late Miocene hominid from North Macedonia
No full textKnown for over a century, the Late Miocene mammalian faunas of Veles, North Macedonia, have long been recognized for their scientific importance. However, hominid remains had not been previously reported from this fossil-rich area. Here, we report the discovery of an isolated upper molar from the vicinity of Veles—most likely from the Belushka locality—which constitutes the first known record of a Late Miocene hominid from the Republic of North Macedonia, and provide a review of the associated mammalian assemblages. The molar—probably an M3—exhibits a relatively large crown, broad and low cusps, inferred thick enamel, low dentine horns, and short, thick roots that are not markedly divergent. These characteristics, along with its inferred middle Turolian (MN12) age and Balkan provenance, suggest that the Veles molar belongs to an indeterminate member of the hominid tribe Graecopithecini. Together with the Graecopithecus freybergi mandible from Pyrgos Vassilissis, Greece, and an isolated graecopithecin upper premolar from Azmaka, Bulgaria, the Veles specimen provides rare additional evidence for the survival of apes well into the Turolian of the Balkan Peninsula. Furthermore, the Veles fossil faunas now document the co-occurrence of apes (Graecopithecini indet.) and monkeys (Mesopithecus), a pattern rarely observed in the Eurasian Miocene fossil record
Pottery Kiln from the site of Adžine Njive-Brajkovo in Klenak, Serbia: a Contribution to Pottery Production in the Territory of the Scordisci
No full textProtective archaeological research at the Adžine Njive-Brajkovo site in the village of Klenak, in the municipality of Ruma in Syrmia, northern Serbia, was carried out in 2021 and 2022 on the route of the future Ruma-Šabac-Loznica highway. During the works, a well-preserved pottery kiln, particularly notable for its massiveness, was explored within the La Tène settlement. The kiln and material associated with it can directly or indirectly confirm different sequences in the operational chain of ceramic production. The stokers pit was located directly in front of the firebox. It was found filled with burning and daub residues, and a large number of fragments of late La Tène ceramics. After the kiln ceased operation, it was used for discarding ceramic products. Ceramic fragments from the firing area were exposed to secondary firing, which led to the conclusion that they were secondarily deposited. The results of the typological analysis of the ceramic material from the firing area, among different types of pottery (bowls, beakers, pots, amphorae) point to large-sized vessels – biconical pithoi, the production of which in such a kiln was possible due to its large dimensions
Cancel kultura: retribucija, redistribucija društvene moći ili ništa od toga?
No full textThe analysis of the origins of cancel culture indicates that it started as a response of the oppressed to systemic injustice. In this context, cancelling can be understood as either a form of retribution or a method of social power redistribution. If we approach it as retribution, it becomes apparent that this manner of judging and penalizing has neither epistemic nor ethical grounding, as the epistemic privilege of recognizing oppression does not warrant epistemic and moral authority to act on it. On the other hand, if we understand it as a movement that balances social power, it is revealed that, in practice, it serves those who already benefit from the existing system. The research argues that the aftermath of cancel culture has negatively impacted free speech and led to censorship in academic institutions.Analiza porekla cancel kulture pokazuje da je ona nastala kao odgovor potlačenih na sistemsku nepravdu. U tom kontekstu, „kenselovanje“ se može tumačiti ili kao oblik retribucije ili kao sredstvo redistribucije društvene moći. Posmatran kao retribucija, ovaj vid prosuđivanja i sankcionisanja nema ni epistemičko ni etičko utemeljenje, budući da epistemička privilegija koja omogućava prepoznavanje ugnjetavanja ne pruža epistemički niti moralni autoritet za delovanje po ovom pitanju. S druge strane, ukoliko se cancel kultura razume kao pokret koji teži redistribuciji
društvene moći, u praksi se pokazuje da on pretežno ide u korist onima koji već profitiraju od postojećeg sistema. Ovo istraživanje ukazuje na to da je delovanje cancel kulture nepovoljno uticalo na slobodu govora i dovelo do cenzure u akademskim institucijama
Retour transnational et transformation locale: Étude de cas d’entrepreuneurs revenants dans la Krajina de Negotin
No full textOur research focuses on returnee entrepreneurs in Serbia, particularly members of the 1.5 generation, amidst ongoing campaigns promoting the return of highly educated migrants and potential entrepreneurs. Using a transnational paradigm, we examine their regular homeland visits, household and community investments, and both monetary and social remittances sent to family members remaining in Serbia. Our qualitative research methodology involved fieldwork and semi-structured narrative interviews conducted in Negotin and its surrounding area, known as Negotinska Krajina – a border region characterized by significant migration patterns, economic underdevelopment, sparse population, and demographic decline. In recent years, entrepreneurial returnees have become noticeable agents of social transformation in their local communities.The study is guided by qualitatively oriented research questions examining how these entrepreneurs narrate their migration and return experiences, highlighting how their enterprises reflect economic, social, and cultural resources acquired abroad. It investigates how returnees interpret and navigate opportunities and constraints within the local economic environment, including the presence or absence of institutional support. Moreover, we explore their processes of reintegration and community relationships, underscoring broader visions of development and belonging articulated through their entrepreneurial activities. Our findings challenge simplistic migration-development discourses by emphasizing context-specific, socially embedded transformations that returnees initiate within this rural region.U ovom radu se bavimo povratnicima preduzetnicima u Istočnoj Srbiji, s posebnim fokusom na pripadnike takozvane 1.5 generacije migranata – osobe koje su detinjstvo provele u Srbiji, a potom u adolescentnom dobu migrirale u inostranstvo kod svojih roditelja. Njihov povratak u Srbiju obuhvata složen proces prenosa resursa i aktivnog delovanja u lokalnim sredinama. U istraživanju se oslanjamo na transnacionalnu paradigmu i kvalitativnu analizu podataka na mikro i mezo nivou, zasnovanu na etnografskom terenskom radu i polustrukturiranim intervjuima, sprovedenim u Negotinu i njegovoj okolini – području poznatom kao Negotinska krajina. To je granični region Srbije sa dugom emigrantskom istorijom koji danas karakterišu ekonomska zapuštenost, izražen demografski pad, ostarelo stanovništvo, slaba naseljenost i loša infrastruktura. Upravo zbog višedecenijske marginalizovanosti, Negotinska krajina predstavlja izuzetno pogodan teren za uočavanje i razumevanje mikrotransformacija koje povratnici iniciraju, kako kroz formalne preduzetničke aktivnosti, tako i kroz prenos društvenih praksi, normi i vrednosti.Istraživačka pitanja usmerena su na to kako povratnici narativno oblikuju svoje migracione putanje i iskustva povratka, kako interpretiraju lokalne izazove, kakve strategije reintegracije razvijaju i na koji način koriste ekonomski, socijalni i kulturni kapital stečen u inostranstvu. Poseban akcenat stavljen je na koncept "društvenih doznaka“ – prenos ideja, normi, radne etike, odnosa prema zajednici i znanjima koja su deo svakodnevnih praksi oblikovanih migracionim i transnacionalnim iskustvom. Povratnici u ovom kontekstu ne funkcionišu samo kao akteri koji ekonomski doprinose lokalnoj zajednici, već i kao posrednici između dva društvena sistema – oni su nosioci znanja i navika koje dugoročno doprinose razvoju lokalnog života.Iako već više od decenije postoji nacionalna strategija za podsticanje povratka visokoobrazovanih migranata i potencijalnih preduzetnika, u praksi su institucionalne barijere, birokratija, nepouzdana infrastruktura i demografski pad faktori koji ovakve inicijative, pa i sam povratak, čine težim. Ipak, mnogi povratnici pronalaze načine da te prepreke prevaziđu, oslanjajući se na transnacionalne mreže, znanje, porodične resurse i ličnu motivaciju. Njihova preduzeća zapošljavaju lokalno stanovništvo, oživljavaju stare porodične poslove, a pojedini učestvuju i u obnovi lokalne infrastrukture i društvenog života kroz donacije, udruživanje i lični angažman. Na kraju, ovde osporavamo pojednostavljene, a često dominantne diskurse o direktnoj vezi između povratnih migracija i društvenog razvoja na makro nivou, ukazujući na veći značaj lokalno ukorenjenih, društveno posredovanih i kulturno specifičnih procesa promena. Umesto linearnog ekonomskog razvoja, povratak ovih aktera generiše složene i često neformalne transformacije, poput promena u načinu rada, mobilisanju zajednice u zajedničkom delovanju i svakodnevnim interakcijama. Na ovaj način otvaramo prostor za dublje razumevanje povratničkih migracija kao društvenog procesa, gde su upravo povratnici ključni u pokretanju promena u lokalnim zajednicama iz kojih potiču.Dans le présent travail nous discutons sur les entrepreuneurs revenants en Serbie Orientale, avec une attention particulière consacrée aux représentants de ce qu’on appelle la génération 1.5 de migrants – des personnes qui ont passé leur enfance en Serbie, et qui ensuite, dans l’adolescence, ont émigré à l’étranger chez leurs parents. Leur retour en Serbie comprend un processus complexe de transmission de ressources et d’action énergique dans les milieux locaux. Dans cette recherche nous nous appuyons sur le paradigme transnational et l’analyse quantitative des données aux niveaux micro et méso, basé sur le travail de ter¬rain ethnographique et des entretiens semi-structurés, menés à Negotin et dans ses alentours – la région connue comme la Krajina de Negotin. C’est une ré¬gion frontalière de la Serbie avec une longue histoire d’émigration, aujourd’hui caractérisée par l’abandon économique, une chute démographique drastique, une population vieillie, un peuplement faible et une mauvaise infrastructure. C’est justement en raison d’une marginalisation qui dure depuis plusieurs dé¬cennies que la Krajina de Negotin représente un terrain particulièrement conve¬nable pour relever et comprendre les microtransformations qu’initient les reve¬nants, aussi bien à travers les activités formelles entrepreneuriales, qu’à travers la transmission des pratiques, normes et valeurs sociales. Les questions de recherche sont orientées vers la manière dont les revenants façonnent narrativement leurs trajectoires migratoires et leurs expériences du retour, comment ils interprètent les défis locaux, quelles stratégies de réinté¬gration ils développent et de quelle manière ils utilisent le capital économique, social et culturel acquis à l’étranger. Un accent particulier est mis sur le concept des „apports sociaux“ – la transmission des idées, des normes, de l’éthique du travail, le rapport envers la communauté et les connaissances qui font partie des pratiques quotidiennes façonnées par l’expérience migratoire et transna¬tionale. Les revenants ne fonctionnent pas seulement dans ce contexte comme des agents qui contribuent économiquement à la communauté locale, mais aus¬si comme des médiateurs entre deux systèmes sociaux – ils sont porteurs des connaissances et des habitudes qui à long terme contribuent au développement de la vie locale