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Beliefs and Customs of Polytheistic Peoples in the Works of Porphyry of Tyre: Ethica, Mythica et mystica, Homerica
No full textFilozofski fakultetОвај рад састоји се од уводног дела, средишњег дела и закључних разматрања. Уводни
део рада намењен је упознавању са методом, циљевима и основним хипотезама представљеног
истраживања, затим излагању историје изучавања одабране теме, опису грађе на којој се
истраживање заснива и представљању аутора које Порфирије Тирски помиње као своје изворе.
Средишњи део рада подељен је на два велика поглавља. То су Теме и Народи. У поглављу
Теме анализирамо наводе Порфирија Тирског о веровањима и обичајима који се не приписују
једном народу, односно делу народа, као и оне одељке у којима се примери из више традиција
наводе у оквиру прегледа или каталога примера. За поглавље Теме одабрани су одељци о
жртвоприношењима, теургији и мантици. Материјал сврстан у поглавље Народи садржи
Порфиријеве наводе о обичајима и веровањима одређених група Грка, Египћана и Индијаца,
затим подробна разматрања митраизма, као и неколико примедби у вези са и Скитима и
народима Понта и Каспијског мора. Теме због којих Порфирије пише о овим народима у
великој мери су сличне. Најчешће говори о аскетском животу, а потом о иконографији и
устројству светилишта. Осим тога, пише о појединачним празницима, преноси легенде о
чудесним животињама и разматра обичаје у вези са канибализмом.
Рад са прикупљеним материјалом подразумева превод и детаљан коментар сваког
наведеног одељка, а потом и поређење са другим деловима Порфиријевог опуса и изворима
релевантним за сваку одабрану тему. На тај начин настојимо да дођемо до закључка у којој се
мери конкретни наводи могу сматрати верним и колико доприносе постојећим знањима о
датим темама.The present research consists of three sections—the opening discussion, the main section, and
the closing discussion. The first section presents the research method, aims, and hypotheses
fundamental to this dissertation. It also includes the history of scholarship on Porphyry of Tyre, a
description of the research material, and an overview of the authors quoted by Porphyry.
The central section of this work is composed of two major chapters—Subjects and Peoples. The
chapter Subjects is dedicated to the study of Porphyry’s accounts of beliefs and customs not associated
with a distinct people, ethnicity, or a subgroup thereof. This chapter also includes the analysis of
Porphyry’s passages which contain instances of beliefs or customs from several traditions, presented
as a catalog of examples. For this chapter, we have selected accounts of sacrifices, theurgy, and
divination. The material found in the chapter Peoples pertains to the beliefs and customs of Greeks,
Egyptians, and Indians, including detailed accounts of Mithraism and mentions of Scythians and the
peoples of Pontus and the Caspian Sea. Porphyry’s reasons for exploring these peoples are uniform—
his interests lie in instances of ascetic life, sacral iconography, and architecture. Porphyry also writes
of several religious festivals, relates legends of fantastic animals, and addresses ritual cannibalism.
The study is conducted by translating the original text and producing a thorough comment
following each passage. This process includes comparisons with other parts of Porphyry’s opus and
sources relevant to each chosen subject. This way, we aim to conclude whether specific accounts can
be considered truthful and reliable and whether they contribute to the existing knowledge of
respective topics.
Variability and use of laminar products in the late Middle Paleolithic of the Central Balkans
No full textThe European Middle Paleolithic laminar technologies can be divided into Levallois and non-Levallois blade production. Despite the abundance of detailed publications about the reduction strategies and their differences, only a few discuss the causes of their variability. The paper addresses the variability of laminar technology from the aspect of its use, mobility, and technological organization of Neanderthal communities in the Central Balkans in MIS 3. Results of use-wear analysis of Levallois and non-Levallois laminar products are compared with metrics, frequency, and raw material procurement, as indicators of their potential for carrying and reshaping with an aim to represent the fundamental differences between curated and expedient technological strategies. Integrated results, considered in the wider regional context, contribute to the understanding of laminar variability in the Middle Paleolithic, as the reconstruction of the technological behavior of Neanderthal communities
Environmental dynamics recorded at Dupljaja loess section (southeastern Carpathian Basin, northern Serbia)
No full textThe Dupljaja loess-palaeosol sequence in the southeasternmost sector of the Banat Loess Plateau, Serbia, is of significant palaeoenvironmental importance. Situated within the southeastern Carpathian (Middle Danube) Basin, it provides valuable insights into the climatic evolution during the last glacial period and role of the southeastern Carpathians as a potential migration corridor for early humans across Europe. The stratigraphic pattern of the Dupljaja section mirrors analogous profiles in the northern Serbia, based on luminescence dating and the correlation of magnetic record with the Marine Oxygen Isotope stratigraphy. Importantly, the grain size data from the section provides crucial insight into regional dust accumulation dynamics. Three distinct depositional modes are identified: finer modes were dominant in the Holocene and late last glacial intervals, whereas a coarser mode prevailed in the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 interval. To better understand these variations in grain size records, we have undertaken a comparative analysis of regional palaeoclimate model data between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and typical Greenland Stadial and Interstadial conditions. Model results indicate slightly drier regional climate conditions during the LGM than during stadial, while granulometry data suggests that the deposition of coarser loess during MIS 3 is related to drier conditions in the local source area (the Danube River alluvial plain), resulting in coarser material available for aeolian action. We propose that the drier hydroclimate of the Danube Palaeolithic corridor associated with steppic environmental conditions between ∼53–37 ka may have facilitated migrations of anatomically modern humans from Asia into Europe
Continuous mitochondrial diversity of Danube sturgeon species over millennia: insights from ancient DNA
No full textSturgeons, an iconic group of large fishes inhabiting marine and freshwater ecosystems, have historically had significant economic and cultural value, particularly prized for their meat and roe (caviar). Furthermore, sturgeons play a vital ecological role as mesopredators of prey fish and invertebrates. In the Danube basin, the European (Acipenser sturio) and fringebarbel or ship sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris) are locally extinct, while beluga (Huso huso), Russian (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), stellate (Acipenser stellatus) and sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) sturgeon have significantly declined since the nineteenth century owing to overfishing, habitat loss and pollution. Archaeological evidence suggests that sturgeon exploitation along the Danube began as early as 11.6 thousand years before the present. This study explores the genetic landscape of Danube sturgeons over the past approximately 10 000 years using ancient DNA (aDNA) from archaeological specimens. Despite challenges posed by limited sample size, phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial genomes and the D-loop reveal high genetic diversity within beluga, Russian and ship sturgeon populations. In addition, shared haplotypes between modern and historical specimens of both beluga and Russian sturgeons suggest genetic continuity within each species over time. This study provides, to our knowledge, the first high-coverage sequencing of ancient sturgeon mitogenomes establishing the foundation for future aDNA research. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Shifting seas: understanding deep-time human impacts on marine ecosystems’.This article was published as part of the Royal Society’s theme issue “Shifting Seas: Understanding Deep-Time Human Impacts on Marine Ecosystems.”
Electronic supplementary material is available online at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7834300
Entanglement of Context Co-Creation and Individual Co-Development: Insights from Adolescents' Conflict Negotiation
No full textContemporary developmental psychology still predominantly conceptualizes adolescent peer groups as an abstract and external context influencing personal development. In contrast, we argue that, while immersed in wider sociocultural and material contexts, microsocial context is continuously re-shaped in the course of (peer) interactions. The context is, thus, actively co-produced by adolescents, especially in challenging situations like conflict discussions, where personal and relational outcomes are at stake. 'Context', in that sense, is a process of this continual interaction and a product of it – i.e. (lack of) shared version of the event, and all the interactional outcomes that emerged in that intersubjective space. Simultaneously, viewpoint originated in the extensive study on narrative identity co-construction in adolescence through negotiation of conflicts with close friends. The findings showed that resolution of the conflict via creating a shared event version shaped identity outcomes, both in terms of positivity and coherence of the self-image. This highlights the intricate process of continuous co-creation of peer context and co-development of adolescents 'within it'. Theoretically, we should employ the insights of circular co-creation of the local mediators constituted through the interaction and their individual appropriation when conceptualizing the mechanisms of human development. This would enable a dynamic, processual view of microsocial context. Methodologically, this calls for analysing messy, perplexing interactional data on the social origins of the intrapsychic realm. In this way, we argue, we could truly advance psychology for the (microsocial) world and human making
Comparative Overview of the Zionist Movement in Croatia and Serbia Until the Beginning of World War II
No full textThe Zionist movement in the area of the former Yugoslavia first
appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. It emerged first in Croatia, where attorney Hugo Spitzer founded the Zionist Society in his home city of Osijek and started publishing the Zionist magazine, Židovska smotra, and organised several Zionist congresses (in Osijek, Slavonski Brod, and Zemun) in order to connect Jews not
only within Austria-Hungary, but also from the neighbouring Kingdom of Serbia.
After the end of the First World War, the centre of the Zionist movement moved
from Osijek to Zagreb and Belgrade. Although the Zionist movement was better organised in Zagreb, where all major Zionist institutions were situated, by the 1930s
it spread more and more to Serbia and Belgrade. Through an analysis of contemporary press and available literature, the authors will discuss the influence of Croatian Zionists on Zionists in Serbia and vice versa, and the spread of Zionist move-
ment in the interwar period
Opunomoćeni pristanak i napredne direktive za klinička ispitivanja demencije
No full textThe capacity for decision making is essential to autonomy and is one of the
fundamental moral goods. Persons with dementia (PwD) have impaired decision capacity. The decision capacity in PwD is of an essential importance when
it comes to medico-legal decisions: including participation in clinical research.
The inclusion of PwD who are deemed decision incapacitated in clinical trials
requires the consent of a legal representative. That means the loss of autonomy,
interests and biases. Advanced directives (ADs) might be a justifiable alternative to proxy consent. We argue the value and ethical justification of the ADs
in terms of research participation. Two aspects of the implementation of ADs
in clinical trials participation will be discussed: the respect of autonomy and
the conflict between the former and current self, and the conflict between ADs
and legal representatives’ attitudes. We will defend the attitude that ADs have
authority over attitudes expressed after the onset of incapacity, and over legal
representatives’ wishes and directives.Sposobnost donošenja odluka ključna je za autonomiju i jedno je od temeljnih moralnih dobara. Osobe s demencijom (OsD) imaju oslabljenu sposobnost odlučivanja. Sposobnost odlučivanja kod OsD od ključne je važnosti
kada se radi o medicinsko-pravnim odlukama: uključujući sudjelovanje u kliničkim istraživanjima. Za uključivanje OsD koje se smatraju nesposobnima za
odlučivanje u klinička ispitivanja potreban je pristanak pravnog zastupnika.
To znači mogući gubitak autonomije, sukob interesa i pristranost. Napredne
direktive (ND) mogu biti opravdana alternativa pristanku posrednika. Zastupamo vrijednost i etičko opravdanje ND u smislu sudjelovanja u istraživanju.
Raspravljat će se o dva aspekta primjene ND u sudjelovanju u kliničkim ispitivanjima: poštovanje autonomije i sukob između bivšeg i sadašnjeg sebe
te sukob između ND-a i stavova pravnih zastupnika. Branit ćemo stav da ND
imaju veću mjerodavnost nego stavovi izraženi nakon nastupanja poslovne
nesposobnosti te želje i upute zakonskih zastupnika.23rd Lošinj Days of Bioethics Mali Lošinj, Croatia, May 11–14, 2025 Symposium Integrative Bioethics and New Epoch May 12–13, 202
Understanding the impact of maladaptive schemas on the dynamics of friends with benefits relationships
No full textWhen analyzing the process of development, it is crucial to include the dimension of sexual development. Friends with benefits (FWB) are characterized by differing frequencies and intensities of both non-genital and genital behaviors. FWB are defined as friendships that incorporate a sexual element without the commitment (Lehmiller et al., 2011). Maladaptive schemas are deep-rooted patterns formed in early childhood that influence an individual's selfperception and interactions (Young et al. 2003). This research aims to determine whether schemas predict engagement in FWB, and and how this relationship varies across genders. A convenient sample of 514 respondents (40 males) was utilized. Age ranged from 17 to 25 (M = 22.01, SD = 2.06). Respondents reported sexual orientation, (88.9% heterosexual). Data were collected on experience/current status in FWB. The Young Schema Questionnaire - Short Form (α = .53 to .98) (Slepecky et al., 2019) assessed schemas, comprising 90 items across 18 schemas and 5 domains. Results indicate that 4.3% of respondents have never had sexual intercourse. The age of first sexual intercourse ranges from 13 to 26. 20.2% have been in an FWB in the past 12 months or are currently in one, and 41.1% have experienced an FWB at least once. The T-test comparing men and women reveals significant differences in two schemas: insufficient self-control (t (512) = -2.29, p = .02) and approval-seeking (t (54.28) = 3.28, p = .002). In both cases, women scored higher. The T-test on sexual orientation indicate that significant differences emerged in half of the schemas, across four out of five domains, and in the overall score, so further analyses were conducted on the heterosexuals. A binary logistic regression examined the relationship between involvement in an FWB and schemas. Only the Mistrust/Abuse schema was significant (χ2(1) = 8.27, N = 512, p = .004). The odds ratio (Exp(B)) was 1.090, indicating that higher scores on the schema are significantly associated with an increased likelihood of being involved in an FWB. These findings suggest that schemas related to mistrust play a crucial role in shaping the dynamics of FWB. Psychologists might consider challenging these schemas to promote healthier relationship patterns and incorporating schema-focused interventions into relationship education programs to help individuals better understand and manage their expectations and behaviors in relationships
Sport i nasleđe
No full textВећ више деценија активно се преиспитује некадашње разумевање културног наслеђа као статичног феномена који подразумева материјалне остатке прошлости. Препознавање културног наслеђа као резултата процеса валоризације времена прошлог (а понекад и времена садашњег) у првом реду потврђено је увођењем појма нематеријалног културног наслеђа . Међутим, у академском раду веома ретко срећемо промишљање културног наслеђа кроз призму спорта и телесних аспеката стварања наслеђа. Историја Соколског покрета јесте најбоље истражена тема у овом контексту али свакако није једина, а сам приступ је неопходно преусмерити ка испитивању телесних последица претварања историјских наратива у званично сећање, које, ако успе да превазиђе изазове времена, постаје културно наслеђе. Један од примера управо оваквог приступа јесу процеси стварања наслеђа у оквирима званичне политике сећања Социјалистичке Федеративне Републике Југославије
