CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
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Zatrzymanie procesowe jako środek przymusu. Nadzór sądowy i prokuratorski nad krótkimi formami izolacji jako potrzeba stałej kontroli przypadków nadużycia władzy
No full textDetaining a person is one of the activities that most interfere with the sphere of civil rights and freedoms and is within the competence of law enforcement agencies, sometimes causing a wide social and media response. In extreme cases, there are even allegations of abuse of this measure by the executive power. Detaining a person is one of the most frequently used police powers. This form of short-term deprivation of liberty and freedom of action of the detainee has a clear statutory purpose which is to apply a preventive measure in the strict sense or to bring a suspected or accused person to an authorised authority. The special nature of detention results from the fact that it is a form of temporary derogation from the constitutional principle that only a court can decide on deprivation of liberty. The decision of law enforcement authorities (usually the Police) and the method of carrying out activities related to the detention of a person are extremely important, and most often they take place quickly and without the possibility of a thorough analysis of all the circumstances accompanying these actions. Detention interferes with the constitutionally guaranteed personal freedom of a citizen and actually prevents contact with other people and the transfer and receipt of any items without the consent of the judicial authorities. Detention, as a form of deprivation of liberty often used in practice, must be legally limited and subject to special control in terms of violations of human and civil rights. The study presents the mechanisms of judicial and prosecutorial control and supervision over the use and execution of detention
Ustawy norymberskie i ich wpływ na zmiany ustrojowe nazistowskich Niemiec
No full textThe article focuses on determining the impact of the so-called Nuremberg Laws, particularly the Reich Citizenship Law and the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor, on the systemic changes occurring in Germany after Adolf Hitler came to power. It primarily concentrates on the issue regarding the change in the Third Reich’s approach to human rights and freedoms, which constituted the closing of a three-stage transformation (new form of state—new form of governance—new definition of individual rights) from the democratic Weimar Republic to a Nazi totalitarian state.
The authors decided to prove the research hypothesis that the Nuremberg Laws had a significant impact on the transformation of the regime in Germany into a totalitarian system based on racist ideology and were a formal confirmation that the law had become merely a tool of this ideology and the racial exclusion policy pursued in the Third Reich. To confirm these claims, the authors examined what systemic legal changes were introduced based on the Nuremberg Laws, how the Nuremberg Laws reshaped the rights and freedoms of individuals with regard to the criteria of national and racial belonging, to what extent they legalized the restriction of minority rights and their exclusion from social life, and finally how they influenced the possibility of introducing further legislative changes that allowed for the consolidation of totalitarian regime in Germany.
The research was conducted on the basis of two main research methods: the legal-dogmatic method and the historical-legal method, and led to the conclusion that the Nuremberg Laws did indeed play a key role in transforming the system into a totalitarian Nazi system. Firstly, they complemented the triad of elements of the state system by introducing a new approach to human rights and freedoms, based on the principle of unification of the needs of the state and the individual. Secondly, they created an apparent legalism of the procedure of restricting rights and freedoms on the basis of national and racial affiliation. Thirdly, they became the basis for the issuance of subsequent executive acts, which systematically and constantly led to the deepening of discrimination against people of Jewish origin, their social, political and economic exclusion. And finally, fourthly, they ultimately led to the legalization of the existence of death camps and the physical elimination of Jews
Profesora Alfreda Koniecznego badania nad nazizmem publikowane na łamach „Studiów nad Faszyzmem i Zbrodniami Hitlerowskimi”
No full textProfessor Alfred Konieczny, PhD, is an eminent scholar who has devoted his entire academic career to the University of Wroclaw and its Faculty of Law, Administration and Economics. His principal areas of research, for which he was best known and most highly regarded, concerned the functioning of Nazi law and administration in the Third Reich, as well as the extermination system of that time. He was an outstanding researcher of the history of the German concentration camp Groß-Rosen in Rogoźnica, Lower Silesia. He published a large part of his scientific findings in the journal „Studies on Fascism and Nazi Crimes”. He was one of a group of authors who gave their texts to the editorial board of each volume of the periodical, from the first volume published in 1974 to the 30th volume published in 2008. During this time, the professor published 33 articles of the highest substantive and source quality
Phonetic Research at the Institute of German Philology at the University of Wrocław
No full textDer vorliegende Beitrag ist den phonetischen Forschungen am Institut für Germanistik der Universität in Wrocław gewidmet. Die Autoren greifen in die symbolische Vorgeschichte zurück und gehen auf die Aussprachenormierung des Deutschen von Theodor Siebs ein, die als Ursprung der phonetischen Untersuchungen an der Universität in Wrocław gilt. Daraufhin wird auf die wichtigsten phonetischen Werke der prominenten Vertreter Breslauer Germanistik älterer Generationen hingewiesen – Marian Adamus, Norbert Morciniec, Stanisław Prędota und Krzysztof Janikowski. Anschließend werden umfangreich phonetische Aktivitäten in der 2018 gegründeten Forschungsstelle für Phonetik dargestellt. Die wichtigsten Schwerpunkte der phonetischen Forschung umfassen allgemeinphonetische Perspektive, phonodidaktische Perspektive, prosodische Perspektive, geolinguistische Perspektive sowie soziophonetische Perspektive. Die in diesem Beitrag dargestellte langjährige Anwesenheit der Phonetik als Forschungsobjekt an der Universität Wrocław sollte zeigen, dass die Phonetik als Teil der Sprachwissenschaft eine nicht zu überschätzende Quelle der Forschungsideen ist. Es werden immer mehr Projekte entwickelt, die sich mit allerneusten Tendenzen befassen, was uns erlaubt, Zukunftsaussichten als viel versprechend zu bezeichnen.The present paper is dedicated to phonetic research conducted at the Institute of German Philology of the University of Wrocław. The authors reach to the symbolic past and discuss the standardisation of German pronunciation proposed by Theodor Siebs, which is considered the beginning of phonetic research at the University of Wrocław. Next, the most prominent phonetic studies of the renowned representatives of the older generations: Marian Adamus, Norbert Morciniec, Stanisław Prędota and Krzysztof Janikowski, are recalled. Subsequently, extensive phonetic activities in the Research Centre for Phonetics, founded in 2018, are presented. The main points of focus in the phonetic studies include: the general phonetic perspective, the phonodidactic perspective, the prosodic perspective, the geolinguistic perspective and the sociophonetic perspective. The long-standing presence of phonetics as a subject of studies at the University of Wrocław outlined in this paper should mark that phonetics, as a part of linguistics, is a vital source of research ideas. More and more projects referring to the newest trends are being developed which enables one to consider future prospects as promising
Scandinavian Research at the Institute of German Studies at the University of Wrocław in the Period 2010–2024
No full textDie vorliegende Bibliographie ist eine Fortsetzung der bisherigen bibliographischen Dokumentation wissenschaftlicher Aktivität der Mitarbeiter von der Forschungsstelle für Skandinavistik an der Universität Wrocław. Die Bibliographie umfasst Publikationen, die im Zeitraum 2010–2024 am Institut für Germanistik entstanden und sich mit der Problematik der skandinavischen Länder, ihrer Sprachen und Kulturen auseinandersetzen. Sie wurden in chronologisch-alphabetischer Ordnung aufgelistet. Als ein zusätzliches Kriterium dient der Charakter der Veröffentlichung: Zuerst werden Büchertitel aufgeführt, also Monographien, akademische Lehrbücher und Wörterbücher, dann Artikel, Rezensionen, Übersetzungen und andere Publikationen.This bibliography is a continuation of the previous bibliographical documentation of the academic activities of the staff of the Scandinavian Studies Research Centre at the University of Wrocław. The bibliography includes publications produced in the Institute of German Studies in the period 2010–2024 and dealing with the problems of Scandinavian countries, their languages and cultures. They are listed in chronological alphabetical order. The character of the publication served as an additional criterion: book titles are listed first, i.e. monographs, academic textbooks and dictionaries, followed by articles, reviews, translations and other publications
Das filmische Werk von Sohrab Shahid Saless und die interkulturelle Germanistik: Behrang Samsami: Die langen Ferien des Sohrab Shahid Saless. Annäherungen an ein Leben und Werk, Exil Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2023, 3 Bände, Bd.1 – 586 Seiten, Bd.2 – 488 Seiten, Bd.3 – 416 Seiten, ISBN 978-3-9801652-1-1
No full textPrzez Davos do Görbersdorfu. Ślady „Czarodziejskiej góry” Tomasza Manna w „Empuzjonie” Olgi Tokarczuk i „Gorzko, gorzko” Joanny Bator
No full textThis article aims to introduce intertextual relations between Thomas Mann’s most famous work and two novels by Polish women writers. Issues indicated in Empuzjon and Gorzko, gorzko (inter alia feminism, terror, space and time connections, identity constructions, and self-education) are positioned in a dialogue with Mann’s magnum opus. Relations between the Davos sanatorium and Dr. Brehmer’s sanatorium in Görbersdorf (present-day Sokołowsko) play an important role in both works. In her novel, Olga Tokarczuk presents a polemical reading of the story of Hans Castorp, with a particular focus given to the issues of sex, gender, and broadly defined identity. The most important point in the section dedicated to Gorzko, gorzko is the analysis of feminist topics in relation to the concept of Bildung, which enabled Joanna Bator to produce a Bildungsroman. A comparative perspective presented in the article allows to describe the character of references to The Magic Mountain. The study of intertextual relations between those works leads to a conclusion regarding modern reinterpretations of canonical literary works and the importance of those operations in contemporary Polish prose
Greek Gods and Heroes in Contemporary Global Literature: Repetition or Reinterpretation of Myths?
No full textStephen Fry, Madeline Miller, Jenifer Sait, Conn Iggulden, Natalie Haynes, Valerio Massimo Manfredi, and other household names in contemporary popular literature write stories paraphrasing Greek mythology. Their works are psychological and oriented more towards reviving familiar stories in 21st-century contexts than simply replicating them. Why exactly have Achilles, Medusa, Ariadne, Elektra, or the heroes of Troy become so appealing as subjects for contemporary popular literature? What makes the narratives based on these protagonists and themes timeless, and — on the other hand — what makes them novel? How exactly do gods and heroes become pop stars of the print industry?
The phenomenological interpretation of the ancient mythological tradition in the works of contemporary popular literature does not offer an exhaustive answer, but raises questions about cultural and literary identity at the intersection with contemporary cultural production.
An interesting moment in present-day stories based on ancient literature written by female authors is the shift in perspective from a world governed by ancient deities to one in which the feminist worldview plays a central role. This creates an attractive turn for readers, and at the same time offers a new perspective on classical mythology. We can even speak of a shift from the repetition of ancient themes, which male authors use as a means of affirming the cultural past, to an attempt to reinterpret the ancient world, in which female authors also reflect the uncertainty and ambiguity of the current day and age
The End of the World of Values: The Abandonment of the Axiological System in Recent Secondary World Fantasy for Young Readers. Part 2 — The Reduction
No full textThe present work is the second and final paper in a series that attempts to describe the literary genre convention of secondary world fantasy for young readers in terms of the axiological system that prevails in its most canonical texts and seems to have shaped the fantasy genre as a whole. The discussion is based on a three-level axiological model proposed by the author, which consists of: the level of ‘universal human values’ (1), the level of patterns/archetypes (2), and the level of ‘transcendental/ metaphysical values’ (3). The objective of these papers is to demonstrate: first, how the model functions in classical fantasy works such as The Lord of the Rings (1954–1956) by J.R.R. Tolkien and A Wizard of Earthsea (1968) by Ursula K. Le Guin, and then, how it is subsequently transformed in more recent texts — Volkhavaar by Tanith Lee (1977), Quest for Lost Heroes by David Gemmell (1990), and, finally, Half a King by Joe Abercrombie (2014). This process documents a gradual reduction of the model described above and the abandonment of fantasy’s axiological and didactic ambitions. In the author’s view, this evolution also reflects the broader rejection of a holistic, mythopoeic vision of the universe and humanity’s place in it that characterised the earlier masterpieces of the genre, in favour of relativism, biological determinism, reductionism, or even nihilism, which now prevails in modern culture