CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
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Własność jako prawo rzeczowe na ziemiach polskich wcielonych do Rzeszy Niemieckiej podczas drugiej wojny światowej
No full textProperty Rights like many other areas of law, were systematically violated during the Second World War. Breaking this law regarding both real and movable property took place on Polish land incorporated into the Third Reich, in the General Government, but also on Polish land incorporated into the USSR. From 1939 Hitler’s Germany started the politics of pillage of Polish property and they did not have to create any new ideological justification for it. The whole interwar period of the Third Reich has created the groundwork for the politics of complete disrespect of ownership (especially Jewish). Hence the considerations about the titular problem cannot exclude the law and political founding rules of the Third Reich. From ancient times proprietorship was the most important of all property laws. It was equally important over centuries. Especially the 19th century brought the important for Europe codifications and indicated many various possibilities of stating the term of ownership. Among different European currents of doctrine of civil law, the German science also played an important role. For titular considerations it seems worth mentioning the original dispute about the essence of ownership, which was indicated by prominent lawyer Rudolf von Ithering. He pointed out that ownership could be considered from individualistic and social point of view. It was deeply embedded in German tradition, where not only private property was respected, but also that of public ownership, for example of county, etc. The inferior value of the private property in the second half of the 19th century was dominating the views of German left-wing. They were referring to Karl Marx, although the fall of the Second Reich in 1918 was significantly broadening the political options, which were inclined to state public property as superior to private. In the context of this dispute, it should not be forgotten about German Civil code BGB from 1896. As it became effective after four years the Second Reich received anew codification inter alia about property law. It is worth mentioning here the most important regulations regarding property laws. In the Third Reich German Civil code BGB from 1896 and Reich Law Gazette RGB1 from 24th March 1897 were still effective. In BGB after comprehensive discussions during codification works, the term of ‘thing’ (Sache) was finally stated as follows: “Only corporeal objects are things as defined by law” (§90). The exception was statutory contents of the pledge of rights (§1273) and Statutory definition of usufruct in rights (§1068). It gave rise to a progress of doctrine named “prawa na prawach”– “laws over laws”. As a matter of fact, BGB has gone away from regulations of Roman Law regarding term of object, because recognising corporeal objects as things was only apparent. As showed by Otto von Gierke despite relinquishing these regulations BGB combined things and laws in one term of object (Gegenstand), as a part of property. Thus, the opposition of “things” and “laws” had only a terminological character
Psychologiczny profil świętej Klary z Asyżu i jej obecność w wybranych utworach literackich
No full textThe article analyzes the figure of Clare Offreduccio of Assisi, who achieved holiness through a calm, harmonious, and consistent fidelity to her chosen ideals. She lived in the enclosure of the Order of the Poor Ladies of St. Damian in Italy, skillfully utilizing all the strengths of her personality to bring them to full maturity. From a psychological perspective, she is an outstanding and unique figure, as she realized her human potential in complete solitude. Her path to spiritual perfection was interpreted in accordance with the tenets of existential psychology.W publikacji poddano analizie postać Klary Offreduccio z Asyżu, która osiągnęła świętość dzięki spokojnej, harmonijnej i konsekwentnej wierności raz obranym ideałom. Żyła w klauzurze w zakonie Ubogich Sióstr od świętego Damiana na włoskiej ziemi, umiejętnie wykorzystując wszelkie atuty swojej osobowości, doprowadziła je do pełnej dojrzałości. Z perspektywy psychologii jest postacią wybitną i wyjątkową, ponieważ w całkowitym odosobnieniu realizuje swój ludzki potencjał. Jej droga duchowej doskonałości została zinterpretowana zgodnie z założeniami psychologii egzystencjalnej
Trzy dekady badań i popularyzacji. „Zeszyty Kaliskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk” w trzydziestolecie istnienia (1995–2025)
No full textThe aim of this article is to analyse the achievements and role of the Journal of the Kalisz Society of the Friends of Science (1995–2025) in popularising regional research and integration of academic communities in south-eastern Greater Poland. The subject of the study is the periodical itself – its content, editorial structure, topics, contributors, and organisational and publishing changes over its thirty years of activity. The research method used was a content analysis of the individual issues of the journal, enriched by semi-structured interviews with the editors and an analysis of the available literature. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the authors publishing in the periodical were also conducted. The article presents the details of the development of the journal—from its first issue in 1995 to the most recent editions, also published in digital scientific databases (eJournals.eu). The authors describe its thematic focus, the evolution of the section structure, the peer review process, and the efforts to make it internationally recognised. Special attention is given to the role of the periodical as a tool for documenting local history, cultural heritage and educational activities, as well as to its integrative function for research communities and cultural institutions. The conclusions underline the importance of the journal as a forum for the publication of research results of local and regional character, which enriches the national humanities. Despite its regional character, the journal consistently strives to meet international standards, which is reflected in its presence in reputable databases and in the growing number of citations. The periodical has a documentary, integrative and popularising function, strengthening local cultural identity and supporting the scientific development of the region.
Kaliskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk i jego działalność wydawnicza. „Zeszyty Kaliskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk” — historia i charakterystyka. Tematyka publikacji. Autorzy. Opis edycji i organizacja redakcyjna. Strona internetowa i cyfryzacja.
Losy obcych księgozbiorów w bibliotekach polskich i niemieckich osiemdziesiąt lat po zakończeniu II wojny światowej: Vanessa de Senarclens (Hg.), „Bücher und ihre Wege. Bibliomigration zwischen Deutschland und Polen seit 1939” (Książki i ich drogi. Bibliomigracja między Polską a Niemcami od 1939 r.), Paderborn: Brill Verlag 2023 (Fokus, Bd. 12), 360 ss.
No full textThessaloniki International Book Fair: Resilience and Growth (Thessaloniki, 8–11.05.2025)
No full textLes examens de langue en mode distanciel : défis et perspectives sur la base d’une session d’examens en huit langue étrangères organisée au Collège d’Europe à Natolin
No full textThis article presents a survey among students and interviews with teachers conducted to evaluate a new custom method of verifying language competences, which was implemented at the College of Europe in Natolin in 2020. The results obtained in the study indicate that remote language examinations can be comparable to traditional forms of evaluation. There are some additional challenges that come with the remote mode, such as the need to answer grammar questions orally and the impossibility to return to previous exam tasks. Despite these challenges however, the study showed that the new form of evaluation is perceived positively, with advantages including greater interactivity, less stress, faster results and lower logistical costs
„Wrażenia z Sewastopola” Andrzeja Murawjowa jako intencjonalny nośnik pamięci historycznej o wojnie krymskiej
No full textIn the Impressions from Sevastopol, Muraviev included his reflections on the heroic attitude of the city’s defenders during the Crimean War and the post-war landscape of destroyed Sevastopol. The aim of the research is to demonstrate that this work serves as an intentional carrier of historical memory of the Crimean War. Muraviev wanted not only to commemorate the wartime fate of Sevastopol, but also to encourage his compatriots to make a pilgrimage to Crimea. He strove towards that goal by citing the names of commanders both Russian and foreign, naming battles, mentioning geographical names, bastions, and towers, writing about the location of troops and commanders’ quarters, depicting the destroyed city. He believed that every Russian should, given the opportunity, see the place where so much blood was shed in defense of the motherland. For Muraviev, the city’s sepulchral space was an essential part of the national heritage. The theoretical basis used are the observations of Marcin Kula from his work Nośniki pamięci historycznej [Historical Memory Storages], as well as the findings of Sławoj Tanaś and Andrzej Stasiak on sepulchral space.We Wrażeniach z Sewastopola Murawjow zawarł swoje refleksje na temat bohaterskiej postawy obrońców miasta w czasie wojny krymskiej oraz powojennego krajobrazu zniszczonego Sewastopola. Celem opracowania jest wykazanie, że dzieło to odgrywa rolę intencjonalnego nośnika pamięci historycznej o wojnie krymskiej. Murawjow chciał nie tylko upamiętnić wojenny los Sewastopola (przywoływał nazwiska konkretnych dowódców, zarówno rosyjskich, jak i obcych, bitwy, wymieniał nazwy geograficzne, bastiony, baszty, pisał o położeniu wojsk, kwaterach dowódców, przedstawiał zniszczone miasto), ale i zachęcić rodaków do pielgrzymowania na Krym. Uważał, że każdy Rosjanin powinien, jeśli tylko będzie miał taką możliwość, zobaczyć miejsce, gdzie przelano tyle krwi w obronie ojczyzny. Dla Murawjowa sepulkralna przestrzeń miasta stanowiła bardzo ważny element dziedzictwa narodowego. Jako podstawę teoretyczną wykorzystano rozważania Marcina Kuli z pracy Nośniki pamięci historycznej oraz ustalenia Sławoja Tanasia i Andrzeja Stasiaka na temat przestrzeni sepulkralnej
„Národ Psích vojáků přešel řeku“: Tematizace války v rané tvorbě Jáchyma Topola
No full textPříspěvek se zaměřuje na sémantizaci války v raných prózách a básních Jáchyma Topola. Analyzuje extenzionální a intenzionální motivické struktury textů, interpretuje je v souvislostmi s analýzami dalších naratologických a versologických kategorií významově produktivních v Topolově autorské poetice.The paper focuses on the semanticisataion of war in Jáchym Topol‘s early prose and poems. It analyses extensional and intentional motivic structures of texts, interprets them in the context of analyses of other meaningfully productive narratological and versological categories in Topol‘s authorial poetics
Несколько наблюдений над упоминаниями животных в сборнике „Понятые и свидетели” (2022)
No full textThe starting point of the study was the assumption that the fundamental components of any certain culture could be read from literary animals as signs. The collection of poems written during the Ukrainian War, namely Ponyatyye i svideteli (2022), was chosen as the object of study and the thesis was put forward that one can look at literary animals during the war as a special object of research. The analysis of certain texts and the collection as a whole showed that the anthology is populated by all kinds of living creatures, and man is merely one of them. Most of the animals mentioned are actors, by their presence they influence what is happening, without being characters (figures) or being anthropomorphized. The semiotic component varies from text to text and complements the diegetic and, as a rule, is not dominant. In general, the analysis of the role and functions of literary animals in war texts can be used to characterize the “real” worlds and/or serve as a tool for comparing them.Отправной точкой исследования стало предположение о том, что по литературным животным как знакам можно прочесть фундаментальные составляющие определенной культуры. В качестве объекта исследо- вания был выбран сборник стихов, написанных во время украинской войны, а именно Понятые и свидетели (2022), и выдвинут тезис о том, что литературных животных времен войны можно рассматривать как особый объект исследования. Анализ отдельных текстов и сборника в целом показал, что антология «населена» всевозможными живыми существами, а человек является (лишь) одним из них. Большинство из упомянутых животных — акторы, своим присутствием они влияют на происходящее, не являясь при этом персонажами или антропомор- физированными фигурами. Семиотический компонент варьируется от текста к тексту, дополняет диегетический и, как правило, не является доминирующим. В целом анализ роли и функций литературных живот- ных в военных текстах может быть использован для характеристики «реальных» миров и/или служить инструментом их сопоставления