CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
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Sprawozdanie z ogólnopolskiej konferencji naukowej organizowanej przez Instytut Historyczny Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego i Urząd Marszałkowski Województwa Dolnośląskiego pt. Samorząd terytorialny na Dolnym Śląsku. 30 lat doświadczeń, Wrocław 6 XII 2024 roku
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Penalizacja korupcji w biznesie — rozważania na tle art. 296a k.k.
Get PDFThe article discusses the issue of corruption in economic transactions (Article 296a of the Polish Penal Code). A comprehensive analysis of the solutions adopted in the Polish legal system is presented, with particular emphasis on the conditions that led to the inclusion of such offenses in the Polish criminal code. The author conducts a detailed analysis of the elements of corruption in economic transactions, jurisprudence, and presents the scale of convictions based on the discussed provisions, using statistical data from the Ministry of Justice. The article also presents proposals for solutions whose implementation could realistically improve the effectiveness of the adopted legal measures.W artykule omówiona została problematyka przestępstwa korupcji w obrocie gospodarczym (art. 296a k.k.). W sposób kompleksowy i przekrojowy przedstawiona została analiza przyjętych w polskim systemie prawnym rozwiązań, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem uwarunkowań, które doprowadziły do ujęcia tego typu przestępstwa w polskim kodeksie karnym. Autorka tekstu dokonała szczegółowej analizy znamion przestępstwa korupcji w obrocie gospodarczym, analizy orzecznictwa, a także przedstawiła skalę skazań w oparciu o omawiane przepisy, korzystając z danych statystycznych Ministerstwa Sprawiedliwości. W artykule przedstawione zostały również propozycje rozwiązań, których wprowadzenie mogłoby realnie wpłynąć na zwiększenie skuteczności przyjętych przepisów prawnych
Obrona formalna w postępowaniu wykonawczym
Get PDFThe text examines the right to defence in criminal proceedings, with a particular focus on the enforcement stage. It highlights its fundamental importance and points to the difficulties arising from the isolation of convicted persons. The 2022 amendment introduced changes such as the obligation to formally report telephone contact with defence counsel and the possibility of conducting remote court hearings. While these changes modernise procedures, they also introduce restrictions that may hinder the exercise of the right to defence. The author points to the need to balance the efficiency of the system with the protection of detainees’ rights.Tekst analizuje prawo do obrony w postępowaniu karnym, szczególnie na etapie wykonawczym. Podkreśla jego fundamentalne znaczenie oraz trudności wynikające z izolacji skazanych. Nowelizacja z 2022 roku wprowadziła zmiany, takie jak obowiązek formalnego zgłaszania kontaktu telefonicznego z obrońcą i możliwość zdalnych posiedzeń sądowych. Choć zmiany te modernizują procedury, wprowadzają też ograniczenia, które mogą utrudniać realizację prawa do obrony. Autorka wskazuje na konieczność równowagi między efektywnością systemu a ochroną praw osadzonych
Podmiotowość gospodarcza Polski w Unii Europejskiej
No full textThe present article offers an assessment of the economic subjectivity of Poland in the conditions of European integration. The definition of economic subjectivity and the theoretical assumptions of the study refer to the concept of geoeconomics as well as the idea of endogenous development. The research methodology is based on a comparison of two case studies, i.e. the European Recovery Fund and the EU climate policy. The initial research hypothesis is the assumption that in both cases Poland’s economic subjectivity will be limited. The article in the summary presents the most important conclusions and recommendations for the geoeconomic strategy of the Polish authorities.Celem artykułu jest ocena podmiotowości gospodarczej Polski w warunkach integracji europejskiej. Definicja podmiotowości gospodarczej oraz założenia teoretyczne badania odnoszą się do koncepcji geoekonomii, jak również koncepcji endogenicznego rozwoju. Metodologia opiera się na porównaniu dwóch studiów przypadku: Europejskiego Funduszu Odbudowy oraz polityki klimatycznej UE. Wstępną hipotezą badawczą jest założenie, że w obu tych przypadkach podmiotowość gospodarcza Polski zostanie ograniczona. Artykuł w podsumowaniu przedstawia najważniejsze wnioski oraz rekomendacje dla strategii geoekonomicznej polskich władz
Kino w postpandemii. Sytuacja twórców a potencjał na koegzystencję kin i platform streamingowych
No full textThis article offers an analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the film market, particularly in the context of legal changes, the development of streaming platforms, and the use of artificial intelligence in the audiovisual sector. The author discusses Polish creators’ struggle for online royalties, the crisis of mid-range cinema, the decline of mid-budget productions and efforts to implement the Copyright Directive for the Digital Single Market. He also emphasises the need to reform the film law, support independent producers and the potential for future coexistence of cinemas and platforms
„Kamienie milowe” Sajjida Kutba jako gnoza polityczna
No full textThe concept of political gnosis has so far been applied to the study of communism and Nazism, among others, particularly by E. Voegelin, A. Besançon and L. Pellicani. The question arises whether the jihadist currents of Salafism fall into this category. In order to find an answer, the concept of political gnosis is reconstructed and then applied to analyze the “Milestones” – the last work of Sayyid Qutb – the chief ideologue of the Muslim Brotherhood. The arguments carried out prove that the doctrine contained therein is apolitical gnosis
Katalog uprawnionych do wstąpienia w stosunek najmu lokalu mieszkalnego w okresie Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej
No full textThis article concerns the issue of the death of a tenant of a residential premises. In such a case, the lease agreement does not expire, but is continued with the participation of the legal successors of the deceased tenant. There is a regulation in Polish law according to which persons living with the tenant become parties to the contract. The scope of these people has changed in the past and this publication is devoted to presenting these changes. The author focuses on the period of the Polish People’s Republic (1945–1989), which had elements of an authoritarian state. This authoritarianism was manifested, among other things, in the limitation of individual rights, control of property, and in the subordination of the judiciary to state goals. The question arises to what extent these general conditions influenced the understanding of traditional civil law. Regarding the examined issue of entering into a tenancy relationship, these factors (limitation of individual rights, ownership control, subordination of private court procedures to state goals) led to a gradual increase in the list of persons entitled to live in the premises after the death of the tenant. The author of the article tries to prove this thesis by referring to the successively introduced legal regulations, as well as the way they were understood in the legal theory and case law. The study primarily uses the formal and dogmatic method to interpret the applicable rental regulations. Additionally, the historical and legal method was used, presenting factors influencing the content of regulations in force in the past and the way they were understood
Wolność słowa w kontekście zniesławienia i zniewagi. Rozważania o potrzebie kryminalizacji tych zachowań
No full textFreedom of speech, which is a fundamental value and the foundation of a democratic state of law, should lead the way in criminalising behaviour related to its violation. The purpose of this article is to contrast freedom of speech with the crime of defamation and insult. Polish criminal law penalises the inappropriate use of words, i.e. behaviour consisting in slandering a person, group of people, institutions, legal persons or organisational units without legal personality, which may lead to their humiliation in public opinion or exposure to loss of trust necessary for a given position, profession or type of activity, as well as behaviour consisting in insulting another person in his presence or even in his absence, but publicly or with the intention that the insult reaches that person.
Both freedom of speech, which guarantees the flow of information and opinions in society, is a basic constitutional good, as well as personal dignity and honour, which ensures respect for the subject. Putting these values together, it is difficult to give a clear answer which of these goods should be more important. Undoubtedly, in the event of committing acts currently criminalised in the form of committing the crime of defamation or insult, the injured party has the right to demand compensation, but the question is whether we must subject it to the regime of criminal liability, which provides for even imprisonment for their commission, and also affects the future of the perpetrator by leaving a trace in the National Criminal Register. It should be remembered that the basic principle of criminal law is the principle of ultima ratio, which states that criminal law should be applied as a last resort when there are no other means. However, in the case of defamation and insult, which involve the criminalisation of speech, it would be worth considering transferring these cases to civil courts. All the more so because currently the initiation of criminal proceedings regarding these acts depends on the activity of the injured party, as their prosecution takes place in private proceedings. The conclusion drawn from these considerations is the need to transfer claims for infringement of personal rights through defamation and insult to civil courts, which would involve changing the regulations to introduce a separate simplified procedure in cases of infringement of personal rights, or enabling the submission of the so-called “blind lawsuits”. Another conclusion drawn from the work is the complete decriminalisation of insult and the transfer of claims only to civil proceedings, while in the case of defamation, leaving it in the Penal Code. The text uses a dogmatic-legal method– it was used to present the norms of regulations in the field of defamation and insult and freedom of speech, and the theoretical-legal method was used to present scientific positions in the field of the phenomenon under study
Orzecznictwo Sądu Najwyższego Stanów Zjednoczonych w dobie ery progresywnej: eugenika a kwestie ekonomiczne
No full textIn the late 19th and early 20th centuries, reform movements in the United States attempted to match American ideals with the challenges of the times. The need for reform was advocated by different social groups. The aim of the publication is to answer the following questions: What was the perception of eugenics in the United States during the Progressive Era? How did economic issues influence the legitimacy of eugenics? Were eugenic practices in conformity with the directions of progressive reforms? How can we assess the impact of the Supreme Court of the United States jurisprudence on the development of eugenics? In this particular study, ahistorical-descriptive method and a formal-dogmatic method (analysis of selected legal texts and court decisions) were applied to address the research questions and to reach some conclusions. The jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of the United States has played an important part in shaping the American legal order. However, some of the rulings were controversial, and they are still vigorously debated up to the present day. Unfortunately, some decisions were not compatible with the visions of progressive reformers, and they reflected ideological attitudes of the justices rather than an aspiration for reform. Certain elements of eugenic philosophy were incorporated into state policy in the form of legitimization of the forced sterilisation, racial segregation, or marriage restrictions