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O przekształcaniu się problemów symbolicznych w techniczne
Get PDFThe purpose of this text is to highlight selected examples of a tendency that can be described as the transformation of symbolic problems into technical ones. In the following sections, we will discuss how the transformation of symbolic problems into technical ones occurs with regard to: 1) economic problems through the vision of fully automated communism, 2) ecological problems through the pro-ecological concepts of human enhancement, 3) problems of intimacy through proposals of intimate relationships with robots and ethical behaviorism, and 4) problems of the good life through the idea of a virtual metautopia. In conclusion, we will draw attention to the possibility of interpreting the transformation of symbolic problems into technical ones from the perspective of the socio-regulatory concept of culture
Ocena technologii na wczesnym etapie ich rozwoju: wyzwanie badawcze i społeczne
Get PDFThe author postulates and justifies the need for developing a research programme that would provide a starting point for the formulation of a universal model for the early-stage technology assessment. Referring to the moral status of innovation the author points to the necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration from the conceptual stage. The justification for this endeavour is provided by the demand for social control over technology, the ethical obligation to identify risks and the imperative of responsibility. Systematic philosophical reflection plays a significant role in the proposal presented, both as a link between disciplines and as a unifying meta-level
Współczesne wyzwania popularyzacji wiedzy akademickiej w świetle rozważań o komunikacji naukowej i retoryce
Get PDFThe article focuses on science communication in popularising academic knowledge, mainly through new media. Scholars often divide activities raising awareness of science into three types: (1) scientific communication, being an internal communication between scholars; (2) scholarly communication, being mainly academic teaching; (3) science communication, referring to the popularisation of science and sometimes also citizen science. In other words, in the third type of communication, the setting consists of experts and a non-professional audience. The article diagnoses that the popularisation of science in digital media, social media platforms is a severe challenge to scholars because of the engagement level of its participants and the lack of clear distinction between senders and receivers. Meanwhile, science and popular science outreach is achieved through the “oneway” expert model and, alternatively, a dialogue model. Unfortunately, this type of communication does not correspond with changing circumstances. This is the reason for raising the following questions: How can social relations between scholars and society be constructed without the distance unwanted in a digital world? How do we include the different cognitive needs of social media users in science communication? Those issues need detailed answers from scholars to obtain social understanding, support and trust. Several recommendations were proposed in the article, including rhetoric skills and a case study of popular science podcast “Science Vs”
Posiadanie oraz użytkowanie broni czarnoprochowej — aspekty prawne i kryminalistyczne
Get PDFThe lack of any regulation on the use of black powder weapons has become a real problem in Poland. The preliminary criminal diagnosis conducted by the authors proves that serious criminal offences, including murder, are increasingly being committed using this type of weapon. A growing number of suicides and accidents have also been recorded, which highlights the degree of danger resulting from the uncontrolled sale of this type of weapon in Poland. The authors propose solutions for amending the existing regulations, at the same time advocating for an urgent introduction of regulation restricting access to this type of weapon.Brak jakichkolwiek regulacji dotyczących użycia broni czarnoprochowej stał się w Polsce realnym problemem. Wstępna diagnoza kryminalna przeprowadzona przez autorów dowodzi, że coraz częściej popełniane są poważne przestępstwa kryminalne, w tym zabójstwa, przy użyciu tego typu broni. Odnotowuje się również rosnącą liczbę samobójstw i wypadków, co podkreśla stopień zagrożenia wynikającego z niekontrolowanej sprzedaży tego typu broni w Polsce. Autorzy proponują konkretne rozwiązania mające na celu zmianę obowiązujących przepisów, opowiadając się jednocześnie za szybkim wprowadzeniem regulacji dostępu do tego typu broni
Wpływ czwartego pakietu kolejowego na organizację rynku kolejowego w Unii Europejskiej
Get PDFThe article presents the regulatory framework regarding the rail sector in the European Union as a part of the European economic law. It analyses the history of legal acts regulating rail transport in the European Union and the reasoning behind the interference on the European level, as well as its ongoing transformation and harmonisation. The effects of the transformation of the rail market, such as increased competition in both the railway rolling stock manufacturing market and the railway transport market, can be observed presently, even before the solutions from the fourth railway package are fully implemented.W artykule przedstawiono ramy regulacyjne dotyczące sektora kolejowego w Unii Europejskiej jako część europejskiego prawa gospodarczego. Przedstawiono historię aktów prawnych regulujących transport kolejowy w UE oraz przesłanki leżące u podstaw ingerencji na szczeblu europejskim, a także jej transformację i harmonizację. Skutki transformacji rynku kolejowego, takie jak wzrost konkurencji — zarówno na rynku produkcji taboru kolejowego, jak i na rynku przewozów kolejowych — można zaobserwować już obecnie, zanim rozwiązania z IV pakietu kolejowego zostaną w pełni wdrożone
Nie tylko pies. Świat zwierzęcy w powieści i serialu „Czterej pancerni i pies”
No full textAnthropomorphization is a key category for discussing the depiction of the animal world in the novel and TV series Four Tankmen and a Dog. This applies to both individual specimens of portrayed species as well as to the structure of, and divisions prevailing in, the animal world. In other words, relations in the animal world sometimes mirror those in the human world. Animals are not treated as autonomous entities. Both their behaviour in performing various tasks and the way they are talked about indicate that even a creature as brilliant as Szarik, whose uncanny intellect would have him easily fit in a fairy tale, is ultimately treated as subservient to man (or perhaps him especially, seeing that, as his master’s magical assistant, it is ultimately his calling). Dogs, horses, cows — they are there to serve humans in various ways, and their anthropomorphic representations only further this notion. The same principle applies to wild animals — killing them provides one with food and clothing, but it is also shown as a test of manhood, as well as a skill that is most useful for a prospective soldier. The only being in the novel and series that could be subjugated or defeated by humans (or dogs), and is equally reluctant towards all strangers entering its territory, is the cat
Pomiędzy queerową subwersją a „middle-class mainstreaming”. O twórczości drag queen Mony Lizak
No full textThis article is a critical reflection on the stage and musical work of drag queen Mona Lizak. The author asks about the form (stage style) and content (ideological message) of the artist’s conceptual and speculative works and its connections with the tradition of queer performance. The article presents the historical and cultural contexts of drag, from amateur underground theatres to the contemporary commercialized queer scene, and emphasizes how Mona Lizak’s work reflects the tensions between subversive ideology and mainstream trends. Particular attention is paid to the artist’s political message, which criticises the exclusion of LGBT+ persons, the dominance of the Catholic church, and social issues such as the climate crisis and women’s rights. The article also explores the aesthetics of camp, the performativity of gender, and the significance of queer ‘monstrosity’ as a form of resistance to hegemonic social norms. Mona Lizak’s work is also analyzed through categories such as camp, carnival, monstrosity, freek show and rape culture. Ultimately, Mona Lizak’s work is treated as a lens that focuses key discourses of the LGBT+ community, as well as an example of the dynamic interaction between counterculture and capitalist appropriation of queer performance, highlighting her unique place on the Polish drag scene
Weryfikacja podstawy wymiaru składek na ubezpieczenia społeczne w przypadku kobiety prowadzącej pozarolniczą działalność gospodarczą w kontekście nadużycia prawa do świadczeń
No full textThe ability of the pension authority to verify the social security contribution assessment base for a woman engaged in non-agricultural economic activity has long raised doubts and led to discrepancies in case law and doctrine. The most recent Supreme Court resolution of November 29, 2023, which was given the force of law, recognized the control competence of the pension authority in this regard, although there is no explicit legal basis for this. The subject of the analysis will be the evaluation of the action of the insured (starting a business, which has either no income or relatively little) from the level of social security principles and the abuse of the right to benefits. s well as a critical look at the Supreme Court’s application of “equitable” rationales, particularly in the context of a businessman’s fundamental rights.Możliwość dokonywania przez organ rentowy weryfikacji podstawy wymiaru składki na ubezpieczenie społeczne w przypadku kobiety prowadzącej pozarolniczą działalność gospodarczą od dawna budziła wątpliwości i doprowadziła do rozbieżności w orzecznictwie oraz w doktrynie. Uchwała SN z dnia 29 listopada 2023 roku, III UZP 3/23, której nadano moc zasady prawnej, uznała kompetencje kontrolne organu rentowego w tym zakresie, choć brak tu wyraźnej podstawy prawnej. Przedmiotem analizy będzie ocena działania ubezpieczonej (rozpoczynającej prowadzenie działalności gospodarczej, która nie ma przychodów albo są one stosunkowo niewielkie) z poziomu zasad ubezpieczeń społecznych oraz nadużycia prawa do świadczeń, jak również krytyczne spojrzenie na stosowanie przez Sąd Najwyższych racji „słusznościowych”, w szczególności w kontekście praw podstawowych przedsiębiorcy
„Lex Clodia de Cypro et exsulibus Byzantinis” — rzymski imperializm na styku prawa i polityki
No full textThe article discusses the circumstances of the introduction of Clodian law on the annexation of Cyprus and the restoration of exiles from Byzantium, its provisions, and its significance in the context of Roman internal and foreign policy. The analysis also focuses on the motives behind passing the law, its legal form and the legal basis for the Roman annexation of Cyprus. Lex Clodia de Cypro et exsulibus Byzantinis is analysed as a case study of late Republican imperialism, primarily in terms of political and constitutional disputes over the decisive voice in foreign policy and organizational form of the Imperium Populi Romani