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Exploring the Relationship between Translation and Adaptation in Literary Translation
No full textThe relationship between translation and adaptation has long been a topic of debate, particularly within literary translation. While translation involves transferring meaning across languages, adaptation goes a step further, adjusting cultural elements to fit the target context. This paper aims to demonstrate that adaptation is an integral part of translation, especially when handling foreign cultural references. Adaptation includes several adaptation procedures and they can be broadly categorized into two approaches: foreignizing and domesticating. Both approaches, however, can fail to enhance understanding of cultural diversity. An excessively foreignizing strategy may alienate readers, while an overly domesticating approach risks distorting the original meaning to suit local norms. Case studies reveal that both extremes often lead to a limited or skewed understanding of the source culture. The solution lies in a balanced approach to adaptation, one that preserves the essence of the source culture while ensuring readability and fluency in the target language. This approach allows for a more nuanced representation of cultural diversity, ensuring the translation remains both accessible to the target reader and faithful to the original
Del trauma a la filosofía de la vida y… ¿a la violencia de la traducción? Los diminutivos de “Traktat o łuskaniu fasoli” entre el polaco, el español y el francés
No full textThe present contrastive study analyzes the translation of diminutives in the Spanish and French versions of Traktat o łuskaniu fasoli by Wiesław Myśliwski. Although the novel narrates numerous traumatic experiences, these are softened by a kind of philosophical approach and the characteristic warmth with which the author portrays the human being. Diminutives serve as a device that contributes to the narrator’s style and reflects his way of perceiving the world around him. To date, this work by Myśliwski has not been the subject of studies focused on the representation of violence and trauma. The present analysis has a qualitative nature, although quantitative references are not excluded. The contextual approach arises from the fact that the correct understanding of the use of diminutives and the assessment of their translation can only be carried out in a specific context, which is why the study presents not only a comparison of these, but also the fragments of the original text in which they appear, along with their translations into Spanish and French. The results reveal difficulties in translating diminutives in both languages; however, it is in French where these difficulties are most pronounced. Many of them stem from the lack of formal equivalence or factors related to linguistic usage. The motives and strategies adopted by the translators are examined, along with their consequences for the reception of the target texts.El presente estudio contrastivo analiza la traducción de los diminutivos en las versiones española y francesa de Traktat o łuskaniu fasoli de Wiesław Myśliwski. Aunque la novela narra numerosas experiencias traumáticas, estas se ven atenuadas por su enfoque filosófico personal y por la calidez con la que el autor retrata al ser humano. Los diminutivos constituyen un recurso importante en el estilo del narrador y reflejan su manera de percibir lo que lo rodea. Hasta la fecha, la obra de Myśliwski no ha sido objeto de estudios centrados en la representación de la violencia y el trauma. El presente análisis tiene un carácter cualitativo, aunque no se excluyen referencias de carácter cuantitativo. Para comprender correctamente el uso de los diminutivos y valorar su traducción, es necesario situarlos en un contexto concreto. Por este motivo, el estudio presenta un cotejo no solo de los propios diminutivos, sino también de los fragmentos del texto original en los que se insertan, acompañados de sus traducciones al español y al francés. El análisis ha revelado dificultades en la traducción de los diminutivos en ambos idiomas, no obstante, es en francés donde estas se acentúan más. Muchas de ellas derivan de la falta de equivalencia formal o de factores relacionados con el uso lingüístico. Se examinan los motivos y las estrategias adoptadas por los traductores, así como sus consecuencias en la recepción de los textos meta
Pomóc sobie i innym — innowacyjny podręcznik dla księży
No full textThis review discusses Agnieszka Janiak’s pioneering textbook The Young Priest and the Challenges of Communication, centred around everyday communication issues between aspiring clergymen and their congregations — and, to a lesser extent, other individuals in support roles or professions, and those entrusted to their care. The author perceives improving clergymen’s communication skills as one of the most important paths to preserving the Word of God, the Christian community, and the contemporary message of the Church. She outlines the importance of skills such as the art of public speaking adhering to specific rules of the trade, listening (mindfulness), and writing (including as a form of self-therapy). She treats them as key to ensuring the quality of the message and constructive interpersonal relations. Janiak provides insight into the latest academic achievements in communication sciences, which emphasise building support networks that bring relief to people experiencing crisis, fear, tragedy, trauma, those facing the encroaching prospect of death — whether their own or of their loved ones — as well as people in mourning. She demonstrates and teaches how to engage with someone undergoing traumatic experiences or crises in a truly meaningful and comforting way. The author juxtaposes the latest findings of communication theory with her concept of ‘sensitive communication’ — an empathetic, conscious, supportive form of communication that should be an important element of the formation of every clergyman. Janiak combines the perspective of a scientist and a committed parishioner, which lends her work authenticity and depth. Common communication errors are discussed and analysed in a practical and friendly manner, without resorting to a moralistic tone — they are immediately counteracted with proposed solutions and exercises. This is a work of considerable value and merit, and its application should not be limited to members of the Catholic clergy — indeed, the insights it provides are easily transferrable to representatives of other denominations and support professions
Lui, dom en koppig of werkzaam, bescheiden en geduldig? Het beeld van de ezel in de Nederlandstalige vroegmoderne emblematiek
No full textThis paper discusses the image, role, and symbolism of the ass in early modern emblem books of the Low Countries from the perspective of animal studies. Contemporary Italian, French, German, and Polish emblems serve as comparative material. The ass appeared in various cultural representations stemming from classical, biblical, and medieval traditions, providing a means for interpretation. In antiquity, the ass evoked both positive associations (as an important pack and draught animal) and negative ones (largely created by the fables of Aesop). In the Bible, this animal was a symbol of highly valued traits such as patience, obedience, and gentleness, but also of slavery. This article attempts to answer two questions: how do the early modern emblems of the Low Countries represent the ass, and what is the relationship between the animal and the human in the selected emblems, given the fact that subservientness and servility were key in the traditional representations of the ass
Rola i znaczenie serii „Asteriks” w historii komiksu frankofońskiego
No full textThe aim of this article is to present the history of the Asterix comic book series in the context of changes taking place in the francophone publishing market, from its inception in the nineteenth century to 2024. The article describes the current situation of the French comic book market, focusing on its distinctive features and the impact of the Asterix series. It is one of the most iconic comic series, which has played a key role in the history of francophone comic books. From its debut in the Pilote magazine in 1959 to the present day, the series remains popular, attracting readers of all ages. Apart from the history of the Asterix series, the article also describes the transformations in the francophone comic book market, which have occurred over the years, such as the dominance of large publishers, economic crises and the popularity of manga. Together with the development of francophone comic books, independent publishers and artists emerged, who sought to create works of art that combined high and mass culture. Publishers, such as Glénat and L'Association, have become significant contributors to the market, and the Asterix series has endured publishing alterations and acquisitions, maintaining its position as a prominent element of comic book culture. Despite the decline in sales of recent volumes, the Asterix series continues to enjoy widespread popularity. It has been translated into numerous languages and sold over 380 million copies worldwide, and publishers have adapted their offerings to align with evolving reader preferences. To prepare this article the bibliographic method as well as the method of analysis and criticism of literature were employed. The statistical data was prepared on the basis of data collected by the Centre National du Livre and GfK.
Historia serii Asteriks a przemiany frankofońskiego rynku wydawniczego od XIX wieku. Francuski rynek komiksu: cenzura, kryzysy gospodarcze, dominacja dużych wydawców, popularność mangi. Znaczenie niezależnych twórców w kształtowaniu komiksu jako sztuki łączącej kulturę wysoką i masową. Trwałość fenomenu Asteriksa — globalna popularność, tłumaczenia, sprzedaż. Obecna sytuacja francuskiego rynku komiksowego.
Stosunek rzeźbiarzy do natury na przykładzie wybranych zakopiańskich przypadków z drugiej połowy XX wieku
No full textRegarding critical interpretations of the work of sculptors from Zakopane, studies by art historians and critics invariably address the artists’ relations with the place they inhabited (Zakopane and the Tatras). Yet, these relations are as a rule only framed in stereotypical accounts where the sculptors’ work is associated with the modernist myth of “primitivism” and the general “inspiration by folk art.” At the same time, the relationship of the individual and the natural world as an agent, a key aspect of this interaction one may argue, is left entirely unexamined. This entrenched approach is confronted in the paper with archival source materials and statements by Antoni Kenar’s three students: Antoni Rząsa (1919–1980), Władysław Hasior (1928–1999) and Grzegorz Pecuch (1923–2008) found in the press. Continuing till the end of their lives, their relations with Zakopane began at the art school, at which they first studied and then taught sculpture. While all the three sculptors hailed from the so-called peripheries, that is, the topographical and cultural borderlands, this biographical similarity did not translate into similar artistic practice, as each of them followed a formally distinct and fully original path as an artist. Likewise, their relations with the environment, while deep and meaningful, were differently verbalized. Rząsa primarily emphasized the unbearable changeability of the weather, which affected his mood and health. Hasior derived the power of emotional creative shock from the violence of nature. Pecuch found his language for describing reality in the harmony of the forest. The artists’ statements will be examined in the context of “anthropological aesthetics,” environmental history and biomorphism in art
Le développement des compétences du XXIe siècle par la littérature de l’extrême contemporain et le FLE
No full textThis study explores the intersection of contemporary literature and 21st century skills within the framework of teaching French as a foreign language (FLE). The integration of 21st century competencies, such as critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration, into the FLE curriculum is proposed as a means to prepare students for modern challenges. The research emphasises the significance of viewing a foreign language not merely as a subject but as a medium for intercultural communication, enabling students to develop essential skills for effective interaction on a global scale. It discusses how contemporary literature serves as a valuable tool for enhancing these competencies, fostering self-reflection, intercultural understanding, and collaborative learning. The methodology includes the implementation of the FLEvolution, project, which seeks to create an interactive platform that combines FLE with contemporary French literature. This project encourages students to design cooperative exercises, thereby taking an active role in their learning process. The focus is on employing various teaching methods, such as project-based learning, collaborative learning, and digital literacy activities, which align with the desired competencies. Additionally, the study assesses the effects of these teaching methodologies through empirical data collected from participants, measuring the development of their 21st-century skills. Preliminary findings indicate that an interdisciplinary approach which merges literature with language learning not only enriches the educational experience but also equips students with critical skills for the 21st century. The study ultimately advocates for reimagining language education as a transformative experience that cultivates creativity, collaboration, and effective communication necessary for success in today’s world
L’apprentissage des langues à l’école obligatoire en Suisse romande : théories personnelles et orientations institutionnelles en tension
No full textThe paper presents how teaching practices are linked to the development of language learning. Teachers develop their own personal theories about language teaching and learning, which are revealed through their discourse. In this respect, it seems relevant to analyse the dynamics of social representations in the discourse of three future language teachers in the French-speaking region of Switzerland. This analysis aims to allow for a better understanding of their diverse perspectives on (plurilingual) language development in an educational setting. It also demonstrates how various tensions emerge from their discourse, highlighting the complexity of teaching and learning foreign languages at school
Enseigner le français juridique avec ChatGPT : défis et perspectives
No full textChatGPT, an AI-based conversational tool, is attracting great interest worldwide. Capable of generating coherent texts on a multitude of topics, it presents itself as a technological solution capable of answering almost any questions. The introduction of AI in education undeniably leads to development of new perspectives. Its growing use, however, is disrupting teaching methods and raising important questions. First, can we truly learn a language with ChatGPT? And second, to what extent can we benefit from teaching methods linked to AI technologies?
Focusing on the example of legal French, this article aims to examine the challenges and prospects related to the use of ChatGPT in the teaching of specialised language. Its further goal is to analyse the potential impact of artificial intelligence on foreign language learning in Poland, while proposing techno-pedagogical avenues to take advantage of the opportunities offered by AI through, in particular, optimised collaboration between humans and machines
Une innovation traditionnelle ou une tradition innovante en classe de langue ? Quelques remarques sur la place de l’innovation en didactique des langues étrangères
No full textThe pursuit of innovation in education, particularly in the field of languages, extends far beyond contemporary initiatives. While the concept of innovation consistently generates significant interest, its appeal often stems from an oversimplified association with guaranteed pedagogical success. This association feeds into a pervasive aspiration shared by learners, educators, and parents: to discover methods that facilitate effortless, rapid, and engaging learning experiences that transcend traditional notions of studying. This research aims to critically examine the multifaceted nature of innovation in language education and identify the essential conditions for its successful implementation in language classrooms. The article’s theoretical framework, is supported by findings from an empirical study combining quantitative data from Romance philology student surveys with qualitative insights derived from in-depth interviews with four university teachers. This mixed methodological approach provides more comprehensive understanding of innovation’s role and potential in language education