CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
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Epistolografie, skiagrafie, pismo-obrazy w autografach listów polskich i niemieckojęzycznych poetów, pisarzy i malarzy od końca XVIII do początku XX w.
No full textRecepcja Heilige Seelen-Lust Angelusa Silesiusa na rekatolizowanym Śląsku: dwa studia przypadku
No full textRoughly around the same time when Johannes Scheffler was converting from Lutheranism to Catholicism for ideological reasons, many Lutheran inhabitants of Silesia were forced to undergo a similar process for political reasons. After the ruinous Thirty Years’ War, when religious differences often served as an excuse for new phases of the conflict, the cuius regio, eius religio principle was reinstated, resulting in many subjects of the Holy Roman Emperor being forced to, at least officially, convert to his faith. Evangelical churches were being closed by the way of committees, only to be reopened soon after, this time for the Catholic communities that, predominantly, consisted of exactly the same people. Exchange of repertoire would often take place long before the appropriate imperial decree was even issued, and afterward the newly appointed Catholic cantors would simply utilise the music left behind by their Protestant predecessors, often finding among it works of Catholic composers. Songs based on Angelus Silesius’ poetry, occurring in Protestant and Catholic songbooks alike, are, up to this day, an example of interconfessional repertoire exchange. In the early modern period, they were also sung across different religious communities, across territories affected by recatholicisation as well. Two case studies presented in the article are both focused on the reception of Angelus Silesius’ songs in such communities. The first case study deals with Martin Schneider’s print of Erster Theil Neuer Geistlicher Lieder, published in 1667 in Zacharias Schneider’s printing house in Legnica. The text contains 36 songs based on Angelus Silesius’ writings and four songs based on other authors’ works. The article contains new information regarding the biography of the composer from Jelenia Góra, as well as a discussion with the preexisting state of knowledge regarding the musical layer of these compositions and their possible contexts of performance. The other case study includes five songs based on the Angelus Silesius works from the collection Heilige Seelen-Lust with musical arrangements by a still unnamed composer. These songs come from the collection of Joannes Chrysostomus Zalaski, a cantor who worked in recatholicised churches in Prusice, Namysłów, and Brzeg in the second half of the 17th century. Presentation of the personal nature of the relationship between the soul and God, with emphasis on its nuptial nature – typically present both in the baroque Catholic religiousness and among groups such as pietists – is made not only through lyrics, but also through music. Solo vocals (with varying levels of difficulty in each song) are accompanied by a solo bowed string instrument – violin, soprano viola, or viola d’amore – the role of which is clearly decorative, exploring various tones through tuning and the use of multitones. Harmonious construction is completed by organs, in case of arrangements performed outside of the church space, likely substituted with another keyboard or string instrument. The article provides a characterisation of the songs from a musical perspective, as well as from the perspective of their historical and cultural context
Wybrane aspekty relacji gospodarczych Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej z Niemiecką Republiką Demokratyczną (1949–1982)
No full textThe article deals with selected aspects of economic relations between the Polish People’s Republic and the German Democratic Republic. In addition, socio-cultural analysis of this relationship was also included. These political and economic relations were shaped not only by the proximity of the two countries, but also by their dependence on the USSR
Olga Galló, „Dziesięć miesięcy Babilonu”, tłumaczenie Michalina Oziembłowska, Wałbrzych: Muzeum Gross-Rosen, 2024, ss. 189, ill.
No full textZmienność herbów rycerstwa górnośląskiego na przykładzie rodzin Kiczka i Czaczke
No full textThe article discusses the problem of the variability of coats of arms of knightly families from Upper Silesia, using the example of two families, the Kiczkas and the Czaczkes. It was shown that the image of the Kietlicz coat of arms known from armorials, used by the descendants of the Kiczka family, was not identical with the medieval Kiczka coat of arms and was not used until the end of the 15th century. Meanwhile, the littleknown Czaczke coat of arms underwent changes in the individual lines of this family throughout the 15th century, only to stabilize in the 16th century
Wybory krajowe w Bawarii w 2023 roku i w Turyngii w 2024 roku w perspektywie porównawczej
No full textThe results of the 2023 Bavarian state election and the 2024 Thuringian state election, along with their comparative analysis, provide a valuable source of information on the dynamics of the political processes occurring in these two German federal states. In Bavaria, the election confirmed that the established political landscape is characterized by a relative stability. This stability is primarily evidenced by the sustained dominant position of the CSU, as demonstrated by its electoral victory and its ability to continue governing in coalition with the Free Voters. However, minor changes are mainly linked to the increasing support for the AfD and the diminishing influence of the Bavarian Greens and the SPD.
In contrast, the 2024 Thuringian election results, which revealed a significant shift in voter preferences, have significantly transformed the political scene in that state. Following a decade during which Die Linke enjoyed electoral success and left -wing coalition governments prevailed, the far-right and populist AfD emerged as the strongest party in the state parliament. Owing to the political isolation of this group and its lack of coalition-building capacity, the new government was formed by other parties: the CDU, BSW, and the SPD. Overall, the election outcomes in both Bavaria and Thuringia underscore the regional diversity of the German political landscape, as well as the influence of historical, social, and current political factors on electoral preferences
Między obiektywnością a polską racją stanu. Dwa dokumenty do analizy sytuacji narodowościowej w województwie poleskim w świetle Drugiego powszechnego spisu ludności z 9 grudnia 1931 roku na Polesiu
No full textPopulation censuses conducted in the interwar period in Central and Eastern Europe, including Poland, were a tool for the homogenization of multi-ethnic societies on the one hand, and a source of additional mobilization of national minorities on the other. Two documents from the resources of the State Archive of Brest Oblast, on the example of the Polesie province, well illustrate the processes indicated above. Voivode Jan Krahelski presented an authoritative study of the dynamics of national-formation processes in Polesia. It was intended to reconcile two fundamentally contradictory assumptions – the Polish raison d’état in a region inhabited mostly by a population with an unspecified national consciousness, with the principle of impartial collection of nationality statistics. At the same time, the 1931 census led to the mobilization of minority activists, also trying to influence the results against the assumptions of the state apparatus in Polesie
Pegasus: legalne narzędzie walki z przestępczością czy zagrożenie demokracji?
No full textPegasus is a highly advanced surveillance tool used by law enforcement and intelligence agencies to intercept communications and gather crucial data for combating crime and terrorism. While its effectiveness is undeniable, the legal and ethical concerns surrounding its use have sparked intense debate. In Poland, Pegasus has been at the center of controversy following allegations of its use to spy on public figures, journalists, and politicians. This article examines the legal framework governing surveillance tools like Pegasus, their potential to infringe on civil rights, and the balance between security needs and individual freedoms. Recommendations for improving legal regulations and oversight are also discussed.System Pegasus, jako jedno z najnowocześniejszych narzędzi inwigilacyjnych, jest zarówno potężnym wsparciem organów ścigania, jak i potencjalnym zagrożeniem dla praw i wolności obywatelskich. Artykuł analizuje ramy prawne dotyczące stosowania zaawansowanych technologii nadzoru w Polsce, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kontroli operacyjnej w świetle Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, kodeksu postępowania karnego oraz ustawy o Policji. Autor wskazuje na ryzyko nadużyć oraz potrzebę wprowadzenia bardziej precyzyjnych regulacji prawnych, skutecznego nadzoru sądowego i transparentnych procedur. W pracy wymieniono przykłady międzynarodowego zastosowania Pegasusa oraz innych narzędzi inwigilacyjnych, takich jak FinFisher, Candiru czy DarkMatter’s Karma, podkreślając ich wpływ na ochronę prywatności i praw człowieka. Celem artykułu jest sformułowanie postulatów legislacyjnych, które pozwoliłyby pogodzić skuteczność działań służb z poszanowaniem zasad demokratycznego państwa prawa
Typ zmodyfikowany jako metatyp przestępstwa?
No full textThis article attempts to examine the modified type as a metatype of crime. For this purpose, its properties are identified, which may determine the proposed theoretical interpretation, including: its extensive structure (a broader catalog of signs of crime), normative independence, flexibility, and the separation of the modified type of provision from the basic type from which the first one is derived in the editorial unit. Moreover, it is noted that the relationship between the basic and modified types is vertical, which serves as an additional argument for defining the modified type as a metatype of crime.Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą spojrzenia na typ zmodyfikowany w charakterze metatypu przestępstwa. W tym celu wskazano na te jego właściwości, które mogą determinować zaproponowaną interpretację teoretyczną, między innymi jego rozbudowaną strukturę, normatywną samodzielność, elastyczność, jak również wyodrębnienie w jednostce redakcyjnej przepisu typu zmodyfikowanego od typu podstawowego, z którego ten pierwszy się wywodzi. Ponadto zwrócono uwagę, że relacja, która kształtuje się między typami podstawowym a zmodyfikowanym, przybiera charakter wertykalny, co jest dodatkowym argumentem przesądzającym za ujmowaniem typu zmodyfikowanego w charakterze metatypu przestępstwa
Charakter prawny pomocy udzielanej przez osoby fizyczne służbom państwowym w wykonywaniu czynności operacyjnych w projekcie kodeksu pracy operacyjnej
No full textThe purpose of this article is to analyse the solutions concerning the legal nature of assistance provided to state services in operational activities by persons, i.e. confidential personal sources of information. This is undoubtedly the most important form of these work. They have been included in the draft Operational work code, i.e. another attempt to comprehensively regulate operational work, which may become the subject of legislative work. Due to the fact that it is an area of activity of state bodies of key importance for the fulfilment of the constitutional obligation to ensure security of citizens, it is worthy of broader scientific inquiries. However, most of the solutions contained in this draft are fundamentally questionable. First of all, they do not meet the standards that should apply in a state governed by the rule of law.Celem artykułu jest analiza rozwiązań dotyczących charakteru prawnego pomocy udzielanej służbom państwowym w czynnościach operacyjnych przez osoby fizyczne, czyli poufne osobowe źródła informacji. Jest to niewątpliwie najważniejsza forma tych czynności. Zostały one zawarte w projekcie kodeksu pracy operacyjnej, a więc kolejnej próbie kompleksowego uregulowania czynności operacyjnych, który może stać się przedmiotem prac ustawodawczych. Z uwagi na to, że jest to obszar aktywności organów państwowych mający kluczowe znaczenie dla realizacji konstytucyjnego obowiązku zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa obywatelom, wart jest szerszych naukowych dociekań. Zasadnicze wątpliwości budzi jednak większość rozwiązań zawartych w tym projekcie. Przede wszystkim nie spełniają one standardów, które powinny obowiązywać w państwie prawa