CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
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Koalicje samorządowe po wyborach w 2024 roku — system łupów w warunkach „ograniczonej wielopoziomowości”
No full textThe article analyses the division of spoils in executives of regional self-government after the 2024 elections in Poland. The first issue is that some parties were overrepresented in regional executives compared with the number of seats they had in regional assemblies. Others were underrepresented (among them the main opposition party, Law and Justice, which lacked coalition potential) and some had quite proportional representation, such as the Citizens Platform (PO)—the main government party. Secondly, on investigating the division of the most prominent positions, that is the heads (marszałkowie) of regional executives, PO came out on top. Thirdly, regarding the number of regions in which particular parties had their representation, PO and its ally, the Peasant Party, were found to rule in most regions
Przedtotalitarne i przedsocrealistyczne exempla komunizującej kinematografii RFSRR okresu niemego — w kontekście redefinicji kulturalnego dziedzictwa przeszłości Rosji po 1991 roku
No full textThe presence of censorship, varying in intensity (and the apparatus implementing it), was one of the cardinal features of Soviet reality, including the cultural policy in the USSR, which naturally changed periodically. This article is devoted to the possible approximation of the problem of the evolution of the reaction of the official factors of the Soviet state – to the selected canonical works of film art of the silent period of the RSFSR – during the Soviet Union and after its collapse
The role of rote learning in the context of foreign language didactics: An analysis of various perspectives and strategies
No full textDieser Artikel untersucht die Rolle des Auswendiglernens im modernen didaktischen Kontext. Er zielt darauf ab, die Situationen und Konzepte zu untersuchen, in denen Auswendiglernen als nützlich betrachtet werden kann. Dabei wird sowohl die theoretische Perspektive als auch die praktische Anwendung des Auswendiglernens betrachtet. Der Artikel beginnt mit einer Diskussion über den Status quo des Auswendiglernens. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass Auswendiglernen nicht nur als mechanisches Wiederholen, sondern auch als kognitiver Prozess betrachtet werden kann, der das Verständnis des Gelernten einschließt. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt auf dem Auswendiglernen im frühen Fremdsprachenerwerb, wo traditionelle Methoden mit modernen Ansätzen kontrastiert werden. Es wird argumentiert, dass ritualisierte Sprache für Kinder von entscheidender Bedeutung ist und zur Automatisierung von Sprachkenntnissen beiträgt. Des Weiteren werden verschiedene Strategien des Auswendiglernens in der Unterrichtspraxis diskutiert. Schließlich wird das Auswendiglernen als eine Lernstrategie betrachtet. Dabei wird betont, dass das Auswendiglernen nicht isoliert betrachtet werden sollte, sondern als Teil eines umfassenderen Lernprozesses. Insgesamt bietet der Artikel einen umfassenden Einblick in die Rolle des Auswendiglernens im modernen Bildungskontext.This article examines the role of rote learning in the modern didactic context. Its aim is to explore the situations and concepts in which rote learning can be considered useful. Both the theoretical perspective and the practical application of rote learning are considered. The article begins with a discussion of the current status quo of rote learning. It is noted that rote learning can be understood not only as mechanical repetition but also as a cognitive process that includes understanding of the material. A particular focus is placed on rote learning in early foreign language acquisition, where traditional methods are contrasted with modern approaches. It is argued that ritualized language is crucial for children and contributes to the automatization of language skills. Furthermore, various strategies of rote learning in classroom practice are discussed. Finally, rote learning is considered as a learning strategy, emphasizing that it should not be viewed in isolation but as part of a broader learning process. Overall, the article provides a comprehensive insight into the role of rote learning in the modern educational context
Ideologiczne serwituty w opracowaniach części ogólnej nauki prawa administracyjnego w latach 1944–1956
No full textThis article offers an attempt at cataloging the manifestations of ideological influences found in Polish textbooks and studies on the general theory of administrative law published in the 1944–1956 period. The central research question adopted in the study was: “Which elements of the elaboration of the general theory of administrative law formulated in the 1944–1956 period in Poland were influenced by Marxist ideology—and in what way?” A descriptive and theoretical-legal method was applied. The study establishes that not every work examined contained ideological references. The analyses led to the conclusion that various forms of ideological influences were embedded and expressed—with varying intensity—in the applied research perspectives and methodologies, in the adaptation of the Marxist theory of the state and its functions to the organizational and structural principles governing the institutions of administrative law, and, finally, in direct references to Soviet literature
Naruszanie konstytucyjnych zasad podatkowych jako autorytarny czynnik tworzenia prawa podatkowego w demokratycznym państwie prawa
No full textDoes “power of the people, by the people and for the people,” i.e. the influence of citizens on the fate of the country, constitute sufficient security for the omnipotence of the state? Can democracy take on a distorted character and allow tax law to be established in opposition to the rules that should govern this law? Legal certainty, legal security, the principle of the state’s loyalty to the citizen, protection of trust in the state, its bodies and the law it creates (also referred to as legitimate expectation, confiance légitime, bona fide, Vertrauensschutz)—these concepts together designate the space for the correct model of law-making tax. Have these rules been respected as part of the recent changes made to tax law as part of the so-called New Deal in 2021–2023? What happens when the legislative power disregards the rudimentary principles of a democratic state of law? The article aims to answer these questions
Społecznocentryczna i technocentryczna koncepcja rozwoju smart city
No full textThe paper presents the characteristics of the two fundamental concepts of smart city development: socio-centric and techno-centric. The former focuses on social participation and the needs and values of residents, emphasising the importance of democratising the decision-making process and taking into account the principles of sustainable development and inclusiveness. The second concept is based on using advanced technologies, data and analytical tools to optimise urban systems and promote exclusivity. The article discusses the key features, potential and threats associated with each concept
Frankofilia „Filmu”. Wstęp do badania recepcji powojennego kina francuskiego
No full textThe aim of this article is to present the Francophilia of the editorial staff of the magazine Film in the years 1946–1959 as an important aspect of the reception of French cinema in the Polish People’s Republic. In the spirit of new film history, the author combines the analysis of the magazine’s content with reflection on the political and historical contexts of Stalinism and the “small stabilisation” periods and the cultural capital of the editors, indicating the influence of their pre-war education and linguistic competences on the way of describing and evaluating works of French cinematography. The Francophile attitude of some of the editorial staff was manifested both in the textual layer—through reviews, reports, interviews, and responses to readers’ letters, and visually—through satirical drawings and iconography-based covers. The author analyses these messages, also looking at the practices of their anonymisation (pseudonyms) and manipulation (photomontage). It thus highlights the complexity of editorial methods of adapting foreign repertoire to local conditions and the ideological context of the Polish People’s Republic, which determined the tone of the discourse, making French cinema both an object of aesthetic fascination and a tool for political manoeuvring
Tam, gdzie inni milkną… Kryzys jako punkt zwrotny? Perspektywa filmoznawcza. Rekonesans
No full textThe subject of the considerations is one of the possible understandings of the concept of “crisis”, which is the recognition of a situation of broadly understood impasse as a significant turning point, a breakthrough, meaning the crisis of the existing state, and therefore the need to make a choice and implement a change. The proposed — ordering, but not claiming to exhaust the subject — view from a film studies perspective, of the nature of a preliminary reconnaissance, was inspired by the distant in time, but current, theses of the German thinker Theodor W. Adorno (1903-1969) on the subject of 20th-century culture, which were presented by this author in works published in Poland under the title: Przemysł kultury. Wybrane eseje o kulturze masowej. In the context of broadly understood visual arts, including film and media, it will be about such determinants of the “crisis” as: schematization, consumerism, the problem of low quality of cultural products of images, aestheticization of reality with their help, the growing cult of image at the expense of real knowledge and competence, pleasure as the dominant strategy of communion with the media. The aim will be to look at, and thus also update and reinterpret, selected manifestations of the “crisis” that Adorno wrote about years ago, in the context of what has happened in film art in recent years. Methodology: analysis that is theoretical and review-based and is based on a review of the scientific discourse on the selected topic
Tematem eseju jest jeden z możliwych sposobów rozumienia pojęcia „kryzys”, jakim jest uznanie sytuacji szeroko pojętego impasu za istotny punkt zwrotny, przełomowy, oznaczający przesilenie zastanego stanu, a więc konieczność dokonania wyboru i przeprowadzenia zmiany. Zaproponowane — porządkujące, ale nieroszczące sobie praw do wyczerpania tematu — spojrzenie, z perspektywy filmoznawczej, o charakterze wstępnego rekonesansu, zainspirowane zostało odległymi w czasie, ale wciąż aktualnymi tezami niemieckiego myśliciela Theodora W. Adorna (1903–1969) na temat kultury XX wieku, które zostały przez tego autora przedstawione w pracach wydanych w Polsce pod tytułem Przemysł kulturalny. Wybrane eseje o kulturze masowej (2019). W kontekście szeroko pojętych sztuk wizualnych, a więc też filmu i mediów, chodzi o takie wybrane wyznaczniki kryzysu, jak między innymi: schematyzacja, konsumpcjonizm, problem niskiej jakości wytworów kultury obrazów, estetyzacja rzeczywistości przy ich pomocy, rosnący w siłę kult wizerunku kosztem realnej wiedzy i kompetencji, przyjemność jako dominująca strategia obcowania z mediami. Celem będzie przyjrzenie się (a więc też ich aktualizacja-reinterpretacja) wybranym przejawom kryzysu, o których pisał przed laty Adorno, w kontekście tego, co wydarzyło się w sztuce filmowej w ostatnich latach. Metodologia: analiza, która ma charakter teoretyczno-przeglądowy i opiera się na przeglądzie dyskursu naukowego na wybrany temat.
Indigenizing the Galaxy: Terristory and Kinship in Drew Hayden Taylor’s “Lost in Space”
No full textThis article examines posthuman companionship in Indigenous Canadian writing through Ojibway author Drew Hayden Taylor’s short speculative fiction story “Lost in Space” (2016). Drawing on Métis author Warren Cariou’s concept of ‘terristory,’ I approach human-robot interactions as a process of kinship-making that rewrites the sterile confines of the spaceship to effectively ‘Indigenize’ space. I argue that the robot companion is instrumental in permitting positive affective attachments to cultural practices, thereby re-tethering the human protagonist to his Indigenous identity, even in a restrictive space that is not conducive to Indigenous ways of life. In this manner, Indigenous-robot interactions are constructed as crucial in contesting Western narratives that frame Indigeneity as inherently anachronistic, and that contribute to the protagonist’s initial isolation.
Reimagining Companionship in „Klara and the Sun”
No full textThis paper explores Kazuo Ishiguro’s Klara and the Sun as a literary examination of companionship in the age of artificial intelligence. Set in a technologically advanced society where Artificial Friends (AFs) are purchased to alleviate human loneliness, the novel interrogates what constitutes meaningful emotional connection. Drawing on philosophical theories of relationality and sociological insights into mediated intimacy, this study situates the novel within broader debates about authenticity, emotional labour, and the commodification of companionship. By analysing the limitations of Klara’s emotional capacity and her role in children’s social development, the paper argues that Ishiguro redefines companionship as a contested space—one where human longing, technological substitution, and societal pressures collide. The novel ultimately challenges us to reconsider whether true companionship can survive in a world increasingly shaped by algorithmic empathy.