CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
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Zasada zabudowy planowej jako środek służący realizacji celów państwa autorytarnego na podstawie przepisów ustawy z dnia 12 lipca 1984 roku o planowaniu przestrzennym
No full textThe principle of planned spatial development was common in the socialist period. It was both a tool to protect the economic interests of the state, and a legal instrument of the authoritarian state at the time. Its scope and application was general, and as such it resulted a disproportionate restriction of the individual’s ownership rights, far exceeding the needs of public interest. The institutions that applied it, i.e. the state administration authorities, had no democratic legitimacy. The principle of planned spatial development has not connotations with any type of political system, by its very nature. It might as well function as a legal measure in democratic states. In Poland it is currently applied in specific cases. The Swiss legal order assumes general application of this principle by public administration authorities, who have democratic legitimacy.The principle of planned spatial development was common in the socialist period. It was both a tool to protect the economic interests of the state, and a legal instrument of the authoritarian state at the time. Its scope and application was general, and as such it resulted a disproportionate restriction of the individual’s ownership rights, far exceeding the needs of public interest. The institutions that applied it, i.e. the state administration authorities, had no democratic legitimacy. The principle of planned spatial development has not connotations with any type of political system, by its very nature. It might as well function as a legal measure in democratic states. In Poland it is currently applied in specific cases. The Swiss legal order assumes general application of this principle by public administration authorities, who have democratic legitimacy
Nie tylko Polacy i ich przyjaciele — Huculi. Mieszkańcy i bywalcy Karpat Wschodnich w międzywojennej literaturze polskiej o tematyce współczesnej (niewspółtworzącej dyskursu dominującego II RP)
No full textThe article is devoted to analysis of the images of inhabitants and visitors of the Eastern Carpathians, appearing in the literary works that belonged to the interwar Polish literature with contemporary themes, but remained at a distance from the dominant Polish discourse of the epoch. The starting point of the article is a recognition that the specific literary representations of highlanders (inhabitants of the region) and Poles (usually guests in the region) played an important role in Polish literature, co-creating the dominant discourse of the Second Republic. They included two types of images. First, of the Hutsul Region as an exceptional place on the historical plane for the Poles and of the Hutsuls as their allies in the struggle for Polish independence. Second, of the Hutsul Region as a space for the civilising mission of the Poles and the Hutsuls as their unequal partners and, at the same time, grateful co-citizens. However, both groups of images were not the only representations of people of the Eastern Carpathians created in interwar Polish literature. Works more or less distancing themselves from the dominant discourse of the Second Republic brought other images as well. These were portraits of the Hutsuls who were individualised, empowered, and not reduced to a role played in relation to Poland and the Poles; images of the Hutsuls who were de-aestheticised, provocatively contradicting the interwar or even the 19th-century literary tradition; and fi nally, visions of the mountain people of a different national/ethnic affiliation than the Poles and the Hutsuls, especially non-stereotypical visions of Jews. The article brings analysis of literary works of authorssuch as Stefan A. Borsukiewicz, Jerzy Liebert, and Antoni Gronowicz.The article is devoted to analysis of the images of inhabitants and visitors of the Eastern Carpathians, appearing in the literary works that belonged to the interwar Polish literature with contemporary themes, but remained at a distance from the dominant Polish discourse of the epoch. The starting point of the article is a recognition that the specific literary representations of highlanders (inhabitants of the region) and Poles (usually guests in the region) played an important role in Polish literature, co-creating the dominant discourse of the Second Republic. They included two types of images. First, of the Hutsul Region as an exceptional place on the historical plane for the Poles and of the Hutsuls as their allies in the struggle for Polish independence. Second, of the Hutsul Region as a space for the civilising mission of the Poles and the Hutsuls as their unequal partners and, at the same time, grateful co-citizens. However, both groups of images were not the only representations of people of the Eastern Carpathians created in interwar Polish literature. Works more or less distancing themselves from the dominant discourse of the Second Republic brought other images as well. These were portraits of the Hutsuls who were individualised, empowered, and not reduced to a role played in relation to Poland and the Poles; images of the Hutsuls who were de-aestheticised, provocatively contradicting the interwar or even the 19th-century literary tradition; and fi nally, visions of the mountain people of a different national/ethnic affiliation than the Poles and the Hutsuls, especially non-stereotypical visions of Jews. The article brings analysis of literary works of authorssuch as Stefan A. Borsukiewicz, Jerzy Liebert, and Antoni Gronowicz
Wspinaczki, pisarki i żony himalaistów. Kobiety gór w różnych odsłonach literackich, społecznych i kulturowych
No full textThe author of the article seeks to answer the question of to what extent women can function in the mountain space and be regarded as “mountain women”. The question is, in fact, a complex one; the relation between women and the mountains has varied, depending on the historical period, place and cultural associations. The author demonstrates various ways of the functioning of women in the mountains as well as the roles which they have played. This is illustrated by cultural texts — narratives with women, primarily Polish women, as their authors or protagonists. The author highlights the first female conquerors of the Tatra Mountains and their emancipatory function; the post-war female Himalayan mountaineers and the impact they had on the social perception of the activity of women; as well as contemporary female climbers, who can be divided into sportswomen, wives of Himalayan mountaineers and authors of literary works. The description and analysis of the typology, enriched with literary and journalistic examples, demonstrate the multiplicity of women’s relations with high mountains.The author of the article seeks to answer the question of to what extent women can function in the mountain space and be regarded as “mountain women”. The question is, in fact, a complex one; the relation between women and the mountains has varied, depending on the historical period, place and cultural associations. The author demonstrates various ways of the functioning of women in the mountains as well as the roles which they have played. This is illustrated by cultural texts — narratives with women, primarily Polish women, as their authors or protagonists. The author highlights the first female conquerors of the Tatra Mountains and their emancipatory function; the post-war female Himalayan mountaineers and the impact they had on the social perception of the activity of women; as well as contemporary female climbers, who can be divided into sportswomen, wives of Himalayan mountaineers and authors of literary works. The description and analysis of the typology, enriched with literary and journalistic examples, demonstrate the multiplicity of women’s relations with high mountains
Zapomniany wiersz Marii Elżbiety Kamińskiej o górach
No full textThe author seeks to bring back from obscurity a forgotten poem, “Z gór” [From the mountains], by a female poet from the positivism period, Maria Elżbieta Kamińska (1858–1878). It was published for the first time in 1877 in Nowiny and then in 1881, in the Gwiazda calendar. The piece reveals the poet’s high sensitivity to the beauty of nature and ability to notice its variety. To make the poetic image more vivid, Kamińska highlights sensual impressions and uses various terms to describe movement. The mountains are shown as a source of life-giving force and space of unfettered freedom and liberty. Worthy of note is also the motif of mountain wandering, which can be interpreted both literally and metaphorically — as a symbol of humans’ struggle with adversity. Interestingly, Kamińska makes a reference to dog rose bushes, which bring to mind a motif known from Jan Kasprowicz’s sonnet cycle. “Z gór” should be viewed not only as a poetic attemptto capture the unique character of the mountains, but also as a manifestation of youthful rapture and young girl’s sensitivity to the world of nature.The author seeks to bring back from obscurity a forgotten poem, “Z gór” [From the mountains], by a female poet from the positivism period, Maria Elżbieta Kamińska (1858–1878). It was published for the first time in 1877 in Nowiny and then in 1881, in the Gwiazda calendar. The piece reveals the poet’s high sensitivity to the beauty of nature and ability to notice its variety. To make the poetic image more vivid, Kamińska highlights sensual impressions and uses various terms to describe movement. The mountains are shown as a source of life-giving force and space of unfettered freedom and liberty. Worthy of note is also the motif of mountain wandering, which can be interpreted both literally and metaphorically — as a symbol of humans’ struggle with adversity. Interestingly, Kamińska makes a reference to dog rose bushes, which bring to mind a motif known from Jan Kasprowicz’s sonnet cycle. “Z gór” should be viewed not only as a poetic attemptto capture the unique character of the mountains, but also as a manifestation of youthful rapture and young girl’s sensitivity to the world of nature
Od logiki Łukasiewicza do idei implikacji ważonej. Epistemologiczne przesłanki za przyjęciem wielowartościowości logicznej jako odpowiedź na tezę Suszki
No full textIn this paper I argue that logical multivalency is necessary for epistemology and has desirable structural properties. In support of this claim, I discuss the nonclassical logical values from an epistemological point of view. The question addressed is how many logical values logicians and philosophers need. Two standpoints are usually adopted regarding this issue: the fundamentality of bivalence and the necessity of multivalence. The first position, supported by Suszko, is summarized in the statement that due to the very nature of logic, bivalency is all we need. The second position, motivated by research practice which requires making inferences under imperfect conditions, admits the multivalence. In the first part of the article, I focus on the very fi rst manyvalued system L3, invented and explored by Jan Łukasiewicz. I recount the critique of L3, and then discuss Suszko’s thesis and Malinowski’s response. I also analyze the epistemological background of the Suszko-Łukasiewicz controversy which was related to the relation between logic, antirealism and externalism. I conclude fundamentalism regarding logical bivalence generates more problems than the adoption of multivalency.In this paper I argue that logical multivalency is necessary for epistemology and has desirable structural properties. In support of this claim, I discuss the nonclassical logical values from an epistemological point of view. The question addressed is how many logical values logicians and philosophers need. Two standpoints are usually adopted regarding this issue: the fundamentality of bivalence and the necessity of multivalence. The first position, supported by Suszko, is summarized in the statement that due to the very nature of logic, bivalency is all we need. The second position, motivated by research practice which requires making inferences under imperfect conditions, admits the multivalence. In the first part of the article, I focus on the very first manyvalued system L3, invented and explored by Jan Łukasiewicz. I recount the critique of L3, and then discuss Suszko’s thesis and Malinowski’s response. I also analyze the epistemological background of the Suszko-Łukasiewicz controversy which was related to the relation between logic, antirealism and externalism. I conclude fundamentalism regarding logical bivalence generates more problems than the adoption of multivalency
Indywiduacja w dobie mediów społecznościowych
No full textHow has the virtual reality of social media impacted our self-image? Has increased communication and possibilities for public self-expression brought us closer to ourselves and others? This paper proposes to examine the negotiation of intersectional postmodern social identity via a brief examination of the functions of social media, in the framework of individuation and personality integration. The historical role of tradition and modernity / postmodernity / metamodernity is explored; suggestions are offered for the creative use of social media as an instrument of self-expression, and the future of individuation in the era of social media is discussed from a depth psychological perspective.Jak rzeczywistość wirtualna mediów społecznościowych wpłynęła na nasz obraz siebie? Czy zmieniona komunikacja, i możliwość publicznego wyrażania siebie, zbliżyła nas do siebie i innych? W niniejszym artykule została podjęta próba analizy skomplikowanej, ponowoczesnej tożsamości społecznej. Próby tej dokonano za pomocą krótkiej analizy funkcji, jakie pełnią media społecznościowe w kontekście indywiduacji i integracji osobowości. Eksplorowano historyczną rolę tradycji i modernizmu, postmodernizmu i metamodernizmu. Przedstawiono także propozycje kreatywnego używania mediów społecznościowych jako instrumentu ekspresji siebie. Indywiduacja w erze mediów społecznościowych została przedstawiona z perspektywy psychologii głębi
Perswazja aksjologiczna w tytułach materiałów publikowanych w serwisie internetowym YouTube przez katolickich tradycjonalistów
Get PDFThe article discusses the so-called axiological persuasion manifested in the titles of short materials published by Catholic traditionalists on YouTube. Axiological persuasion in a text is carried out by both axiological argumentation and extra-argumentative means — lexical operators, colective forms, rhetorical questions, as well as polygraphic means. The article also shows values and anti-values manifested in the discussed material. Moreover, the author makes an effort to show who becomes the potencial addressee of the specific title and in what way it can affect a given group of addressees.Artykuł traktuje o perswazji aksjologicznej przejawiającej się w tytułach krótkich materiałów publikowanych przez katolickich tradycjonalistów w serwisie internetowym YouTube. Perswazja aksjologiczna realizuje się w nich za pośrednictwem argumentacji aksjologicznej oraz środków pozaargumentacyjnych — operatorów leksykalnych, form kolektywnych, pytań retorycznych, a także środków poligraficznych. Tekst ukazuje również wartości i antywartości przejawiające się w omawianym materiale. Ponadto autorka podejmuje próbę wskazania, kto jest potencjalnym adresatem konkretnego tytułu i w jaki sposób może on wpłynąć na daną grupę adresatów
Feminativa w twórczości Bolesława Prusa
Get PDFThis documents research (statistical and, as it seems, pioneering) on the feminist lexis present in the works of Bolesław Prus. Its subject became a reflection on the former productivity of individual controls forming feminative formations (reconstructed on the basis of a lexis isolated from the works of Aleksander Głowacki) and an attempt to typologize this vocabulary. In addition, this article will present the results of two analyses, i.e. the analysis of possessive names, which proved the double meaning of the ceufixes co-creating them, as well as the analysis of delocative female names, which became an asum to put a parallel derivation mechanism to the reader. The author has also drawn up a a text corpus, numbering 447 lexical units, which forms the basis of further analyses and calculations, as well as considerations on structural and psychological (in a way) foundations of creating feminative animal names.Artykuł dokumentuje badania (głównie statystyczne i, wedle wiedzy autorki, pionierskie) nad leksyką feminatywną w twórczości Bolesława Prusa. Zawiera refleksję nad dawną produktywnością poszczególnych formantów tworzących struktury feminatywne, rekonstruowaną na podstawie leksyki wyizolowanej z dzieł pisarza, oraz próbę typologizacji tej leksyki. Ponadto czytelnik znajdzie w artykule wyniki dwóch analiz: nazw posesywnych, która dowiodła podwójnego znaczenia współtworzących je sufiksów, oraz nazw żeńskich delokatywnych, która dała asumpt do wywodu na temat mechanizmu derywacji równoległej. Autorka stworzyła korpus liczący 447 jednostek leksykalnych — na jego podstawie dokonała analiz i obliczeń oraz przeprowadziła rozważania o strukturalnych i niejako psychologicznych podstawach tworzenia feminatywnych nazw zwierząt
Rękopisy rodu von Schönaich, gałęzi Carolath-Beuthen, w zbiorach Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Warszawie
Get PDFAs a result of the operation of taking over and securing library collections from the so-called Recovered Territories, undertaken after World War II, part of the resources of the library and archive of Castle Karolat in the Silesian village of Siedlisko (German: Carolath) was moved to the University of Warsaw Library. This article presents the history of the Castle Karolat library and describes the most valuable manuscripts from there, now stored in the Manuscripts Department of the University of Warsaw Library. They include interesting — and, as regards research, important — castle archives, which provide sources for the economic history of the Carolath-Beuthen majorat, inventories, financial and accounting books, architectural drawings from the times of the reconstruction of the castle in the 19th century, lists of the maps and books preserved in the castle archives and other items. The collection also includes interesting memorabilia of the castle owners, like gymnasium and home education notebooks, records of academic lectures delivered at the beginning of the 19th century at Landwirtschaftliche Akademie Möglin and Halle university by, among others, Albrecht Daniel Thaer, Georg Ernst Wilhelm Crome and Friedrich August Wolf. 16th-century prayer books, 18th-century official lists and a military treatise on cavalry deployment and drills written by Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig von Arnim-Suckow, major of the Prussian army, are also worth attention. The archive also includes part of the heritage — scattered in Polish and German libraries — of the theologian Gustav Richtsteig as well as of members of the Carolath-Beuthen family, who lived in the estate from the 18th to 20th century. An interesting item in the collection is a well-preserved 19th-century herbarium, containing about 1000 local plants collected in the estate and castle gardens in the same century.Biblioteka zamkowa w Karolat. Losy zbiorów po 1945 roku. Spuścizny osobowe członków rodziny Schönaichów. Dokumentacja archiwalna dotycząca dóbr i zamku Karolat. Zbiory z Karolat znajdujące się w innych bibliotekach i archiwach