CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
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Odszkodowanie za niedostarczenie lokalu socjalnego — zagadnienia wybrane
No full textThe aim of this article is to present the institution of compensation for failure to provide social premises regulated in Article 18 of the Act of 21 June 2001 on the protection of tenants’ rights, municipal housing resources and amendments to the Civil Code. The author attempts to conduct a comprehensive analysis of Article 18 (3a) and (5) of the mentioned act, in particular she cites the purpose and reason for the amendment of said regulation and the obligation to provide a social lease of premises. A moment when the municipality’s liability arises and when it expires are also taken into account in the study. Other items of consideration include the amount and components of compensation, periods of limitation, the legitimacy of entities entitled to claim compensation, as well as the principles of liability of the relevant municipality. The indicated issues were considered on the basis of the dogmatic-legal method.Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przybliżenie instytucji odszkodowania za niedostarczenie lokalu socjalnego uregulowanej w art. 18 ustawy z dnia 21 czerwca 2001 roku o ochronie praw lokatorów, mieszkaniowym zasobie gminy i o zmianie Kodeksu cywilnego. Autorka podejmuje próbę kompleksowej analizy art. 18 ust. 3a i 5 u.o.p.l., w szczególności przedstawia cel i przyczynę nowelizacji wskazanej regulacji oraz obowiązek zapewnienia najmu lokalu socjalnego. W treści opracowania rozważono moment powstania zobowiązania gminy oraz termin jego wygaśnięcia. Przeanalizowano także wysokość i składniki odszkodowania, terminy przedawnienia, legitymację podmiotów uprawnionych do dochodzenia roszczenia o odszkodowanie, jak również zasady odpowiedzialności właściwej gminy. Wskazane zagadnienia rozpatrywano przy użyciu metody dogmatycznoprawnej
Sąd konstytucyjny jako „sąd ustanowiony ustawą”. Rozważania na tle wyroku Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka z dnia 7 maja 2021 roku „Xero Flor przeciwko Polsce”
No full textThe article concerns the issue of a constitutional court as a tribunal established by law according to the European Convention on Human Rights. The considerations are based on the ruling of the European Court of Human Rights from 7th May 2021 in Xero Flor vs. Poland case (application no. 4907/18). The applicant company demanded to recognize that its right to a fair civil trial was breached. The root cause for that was a discontinuation of proceedings based on a consti-tutional complaint submitted by a court, one member of which was elected as a judge in a faulty procedure. The Court made an interpretation of the notions of a “tribunal” (which also means constitutional court) and “tribunal established by law”, which are contained in Article 6 § 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The author agreed with the conclusions of the Court and presented arguments for such an understanding of these notions.Artykuł dotyczy pojęcia i istoty sądu konstytucyjnego jako sądu ustanowionego ustawą w rozumieniu Konwencji o ochronie praw człowieka i podstawowych wolności. Rozważania oparte są na wyroku Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka z dnia 7 maja 2021 roku w sprawie Xero Flor przeciwko Polsce (nr skargi 4907/18). Skarżąca spółka domagała się uznania przez Trybunał, że jej prawo do rzetelnego procesu sądowego, o którym mowa w art. 6 ust. 1 Konwencji o ochronie praw człowieka i podstawowych wolności, zostało naruszone. Naruszenie polegało na wydaniu postanowienia o umorzeniu postępowania w sprawie wywołanej skargą konstytucyjną przez polski sąd konstytucyjny w składzie, którego członkiem była osoba wybrana na stanowisko sędziego w wadliwej procedurze. Trybunał uznał, że doszło do naruszenia tego prawa i dokonał wykładni pojęcia sądu, określając tym mianem także sąd konstytucyjny, oraz pojęcia sądu ustanowionego ustawą na gruncie Konwencji. Autor zgodził się z konkluzjami Trybunału i przedstawił argumenty za takim rozumieniem tych pojęć
Prawna regulacja sektora kryptowalut na poziomie unijnym w aspekcie rozporządzenia MiCA
No full textThe intensive development of a new sector of the financial market — the crypto-assets market — is accompanied by a lack of coherent regulation in this area. The European Union has decided to take action to ensure legal protection of cryptoassets. The goal of this article is to discuss the essence of the proposal for a regulation on crypto-assets markets, hereinafter referred to as the MiCA (Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation), which is part of the public finance regulation package adopted by the European Commission. The purpose of introducing the legal framework is to prepare for the upcoming digital revolution and to build an economy adapted to developing technologies. The article will discuss the most important issues regarding the MiCA regulation.Intensywnemu rozwojowi nowego sektora rynku finansowego: rynku kryptoaktywów towarzyszy brak spójnej regulacji w jego zakresie. Unia Europejska zdecydowała się na podjęcie działań służących zapewnieniu ochrony prawnej w obszarze kryptoaktywów. Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest omówienie istoty, składającego się na pakiet regulacji dotyczących finansów publicznych podjęty przez Komisję Europejską, wniosku rozporządzenia w sprawie rynków kryptoaktywów (dalej: rozporządzenie MiCA — ang. Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation). Celami wprowadzenia ram prawnych są przygotowanie na nadchodzącą rewolucję cyfrową oraz zbudowanie gospodarki przystosowanej do rozwijających się technologii. W artykule poruszone zostaną najważniejsze zagadnienia dotyczące rozporządzenia MiCA
Strategie upamiętniania antropocenu w kinie postapokaliptycznym na przykładzie filmowej serii „Mad Max” George’a Millera
No full textThe article discusses various ways of commemorating the heritage of the Anthropocene in post-apocalyptic cinema. The main subject of consideration is the Mad Max series of films by George Miller. The author of the text shows the evolution of thinking about the human era, as well as changes in the paradigms of organizing memory. Furthermore, the article separates the phases of evaluating the past in the discussed tetralogy: from longing for civilization and technological power, through dreams of its reconstruction, to the rejection of the Anthropocene and a turn towards pure nature.The article discusses various ways of commemorating the heritage of the Anthropocene in post-apocalyptic cinema. The main subject of consideration is the Mad Max series of films by George Miller. The author of the text shows the evolution of thinking about the human era, as well as changes in the paradigms of organizing memory. Furthermore, the article separates the phases of evaluating the past in the discussed tetralogy: from longing for civilization and technological power, through dreams of its reconstruction, to the rejection of the Anthropocene and a turn towards pure nature
Catégorisation conceptuelle des noms de pain en Pologne et stratégies appliquées à leur traduction en français
No full textThe aim of this article is threefold. Firstly, we will develop conceptual categories for the different types of bread offered by a “star” bakery in Poland known for its wide range of breads. We propose the analysis of bread names composed of the word bread (N) and nouns (N) or adjectives derived from nouns (ADJ) that designate e.g. intrinsic properties ([basic] ingredients, shape or appearance), location (spatial-geographical criteria), Polish culture (cultural criteria), history (historical criteria: historical figures or events), and others. Secondly, we will analyse existing Polish-French translations of bread names we found on the website of an international Polishbakery, which could be categorised in the same conceptual categories and subcategories which were defined in the first stage of our research. The analysis of translations will be based on the taxonomy of translation strategies developed by Diederik Gritt (1997) and Andrew Chesterman (2000). The third objective is to assess the relevance and applicability of machine translation, more precisely bythe application Chrome, for bread names belonging to certain (sub)categories by comparing them with existing translations.The aim of this article is threefold. Firstly, we will develop conceptual categories for the different types of bread offered by a “star” bakery in Poland known for its wide range of breads. We propose the analysis of bread names composed of the word bread (N) and nouns (N) or adjectives derived from nouns (ADJ) that designate e.g. intrinsic properties ([basic] ingredients, shape or appearance), location (spatial-geographical criteria), Polish culture (cultural criteria), history (historical criteria: historical figures or events), and others. Secondly, we will analyse existing Polish-French translations of bread names we found on the website of an international Polish bakery, which could be categorised in the same conceptual categories and subcategories which were defined in the first stage of our research. The analysis of translations will be based on the taxonomy of translation strategies developed by Diederik Gritt (1997) and Andrew Chesterman (2000). The third objective is to assess the relevance and applicability of machine translation, more precisely bythe application Chrome, for bread names belonging to certain (sub)categories by comparing them with existing translations
De la figure géométrique à la figure rhétorique : le cercle comme métaphore narrative et temporelle dans les romans de Claude Simon
No full textOne of the most important authors of the [French] New Novel, Claude Simon, perceives scriptural work as being in correlation with mathematical concepts, such as symmetry and geometrics, which manifest themselves both structurally and thematically. The motif of the circle provides the best representation of repetition, which is reflected in the diegetic composition of the novel — looped or spiraled — as well as in the non-linear conception of time, forming a Möbius strip. Thanks to such plasticity of geometric and textual matter, Simon circumvents the ontological problematic of fi nitude, inherent in the existence of beings and the duration of things.One of the most important authors of the [French] New Novel, Claude Simon, perceives scriptural work as being in correlation with mathematical concepts, such as symmetry and geometrics, which manifest themselves both structurally and thematically. The motif of the circle provides the best representation of repetition, which is reflected in the diegetic composition of the novel — looped or spiraled — as well as in the non-linear conception of time, forming a Möbius strip. Thanks to such plasticity of geometric and textual matter, Simon circumvents the ontological problematic of fi nitude, inherent in the existence of beings and the duration of things
Зворотні дієслова в українській мові: теоретико-лінгвістичний і лінгводидактичний аспекти
No full textThe author of this article attempts to determine the formal, semantic and functional peculiarities of Ukrainian reflexive verbs important for their linguo-didactic description. Because of their incidence, the verbs with the postfix -ся hold an important place in the learning system of Ukrainian as foreign language, while at the same time being one of the most complicated lexical groups for learning by foreign communicators. To make the learning process of reflexive verbs easier for foreign students, 152 verbal lexemes were selected for the analysis, belonging to the five most representative groups, sorted according to the criterium of defining subjective and objective relations. Some linguo-methodical recommendations were proposed, with the aim of forming and developing the ability of foreign communicators to properly use the analyzed vocabulary in speech; the recommendations take into account the formal word forming features of reflexive verbs, grammatical characteristics and their lexical conjunction.The author of this article attempts to determine the formal, semantic and functional peculiarities of Ukrainian reflexive verbs important for their linguo-didactic description. Because of their incidence, the verbs with the postfix -ся hold an important place in the learning system of Ukrainian as foreign language, while at the same time being one of the most complicated lexical groups for learning by foreign communicators. To make the learning process of reflexive verbs easier for foreign students, 152 verbal lexemes were selected for the analysis, belonging to the five most representative groups, sorted according to the criterium of defining subjective and objective relations. Some linguo-methodical recommendations were proposed, with the aim of forming and developing the ability of foreign communicators to properly use the analyzed vocabulary in speech; the recommendations take into account the formal word forming features of reflexive verbs, grammatical characteristics and their lexical conjunction
Репрезентація концепту „подорож” у паремійному словнику „Галицько-руські народні приповідки”, укладеному І. Франком
No full textThe article considers the peculiarities of the verbalization of the concept of travel, recorded in the paremia image of the world of one of the Ukrainian subcultures — the Galicians, interpreted and recorded by Ivan Franko in the dictionary Halytsko-ruski narodni prypovidky [Galician-Russian folktales]. The purpose of the study is to analyze the fragment of the paremic image of the world inherent in the Ukrainian linguocultura of Galicians, with the representation of the paremic verbalization of the concept of travel, recorded in the national consciousness of Galicians and interpreted by Ivan Franko in his unique collection of paremias, taking into account the theory of linguoculturology and linguoconceptology. The following primary research methods were used: the linguistic observation method, the continuous sampling method, the descriptive method, the comparative method, conceptual analysis, the interpretive method, the method of interpreting dictionary definitions, the technique of abstraction. The object of the study was the unique dictionaryof paremias Halytsko-ruski narodni prypovidky.The article considers the peculiarities of the verbalization of the concept of travel, recorded in the paremia image of the world of one of the Ukrainian subcultures — the Galicians, interpreted and recorded by Ivan Franko in the dictionary Halytsko-ruski narodni prypovidky [Galician-Russian folktales]. The purpose of the study is to analyze the fragment of the paremic image of the world inherent in the Ukrainian linguocultura of Galicians, with the representation of the paremic verbalization of the concept of travel, recorded in the national consciousness of Galicians and interpreted by Ivan Franko in his unique collection of paremias, taking into account the theory of linguoculturology and linguoconceptology. The following primary research methods were used: the linguistic observation method, the continuous sampling method, the descriptive method, the comparative method, conceptual analysis, the interpretive method, the method of interpreting dictionary definitions, the technique of abstraction. The object of the study was the unique dictionaryof paremias Halytsko-ruski narodni prypovidky.The article considers the peculiarities of the verbalization of the concept of travel, recorded in the paremia image of the world of one of the Ukrainian subcultures — the Galicians, interpreted and recorded by Ivan Franko in the dictionary Halytsko-ruski narodni prypovidky [Galician-Russian folktales]. The purpose of the study is to analyze the fragment of the paremic image of the world inherent in the Ukrainian linguocultura of Galicians, with the representation of the paremic verbalization of the concept of travel, recorded in the national consciousness of Galicians and interpreted by Ivan Franko in his unique collection of paremias, taking into account the theory of linguoculturology and linguoconceptology. The following primary research methods were used: the linguistic observation method, the continuous sampling method, the descriptive method, the comparative method, conceptual analysis, the interpretive method, the method of interpreting dictionary definitions, the technique of abstraction. The object of the study was the unique dictionaryof paremias Halytsko-ruski narodni prypovidky
