CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
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Dowody elektroniczne w postępowaniu cywilnym
No full textThe article analyzes the issues associated to submitting documents drawn up in digital form in civil judicial procedure that have occurred in jurisdictional practice. Recent regulations contained in the Code of Civil Procedure and Civil Code introduced a new definition of a document which does not require written form and the author’s signature. Special attention was given to consumer credit contracts where the transactions between the contracting parties are carried out remotely and verification of a person’s identity is required in order to prove that the contract was concluded, as well as to the burden of proof. Certain issues concerning the method of presentation digital documents during legal proceedings lead to the conclusion that some of the provisions should be amended to the Code of Civil Procedure.W artykule dokonano analizy pojawiających się w praktyce sądowej problemów związanych z przedstawianiem w toku postępowania cywilnego przed sądem dokumentów sporządzonych w formie cyfrowej. Wprowadzone kilka lat temu do kodeksu postępowania cywilnego oraz kodeksu cywilnego regulacje zdefiniowały nowe pojęcie dokumentu niewymagającego pisemnej formy z podpisem wystawcy. Szczególne uwagi zostały poświęcone umowom o kredyt konsumencki zawieranym na odległość i weryfikacji tożsamości osób wymaganej do udowodnienia, że umowa została zawarta, jak też ciężarowi dowodu. Problemy związane z metodami prezentowania dokumentów elektronicznych w postępowaniu sądowym prowadzą do wniosku, że dalsze uregulowania powinny być dodane do kodeksu postępowania cywilnego
„Desuetudo” a formalne rozumienie idei państwa prawnego
No full textThe article’s goal is to outline the relation between desuetudo, understood mainly as a derogation of an out-of-date norm while it is formally validated and remains an element of a legal system, and a formal interpretation of the rule of law. In the course of the analysis desuetudo is confronted with six formal postulates of the rule of law. The results of the analysis show that while the premises of desuetudo are relatively compatible with the rule of law, other elements interfere with it.Celem artykułu jest zarysowanie relacji desuetudo, rozumianej przede wszystkim jako derogacja nieaktualnej normy, mimo że formalnie norma ta obowiązuje i pozostaje elementem systemu prawa, do formalnego rozumienia idei państwa prawnego. W toku rozważań desuetudo jest kolejno analizowane na tle sześciu postulatów formalnych idei państwa prawnego. Wyniki analizy pozwalają wykazać, że jedynie przesłanki desuetudo dają się względnie pogodzić z praworządnością, kiedy inne elementy z nią kolidują
Media i polityka (kontekst polityzacji mediów publicznych w Polsce po 2015 roku)
No full textThe relationship between the media and politics has always been seen as conflicting. In large public media institutions in Poland basic contradiction can be seen between: impartiality, political interests and citizens right freedom of speech, salary for effectiveness of work or product and for labor time. Polarization field of vision and all those contradictions are in publishing activity itself. The primary research objective is to characterize the relationship between the media and the political sphere in Poland, through the prism of the process of politicization and mediatization, which is both controversial and far ambiguous concept. In addition, an attempt to answer questions about the instrumentalization of public media in Poland after 2015 through the development of propaganda mechanisms, resulting in a threat to political pluralism — taking into account the communicative competence of media audiences. The use of public media for political purposes is a threat to political pluralism. The one-day protest of the commercial media on February 10, 2021, a democratic day, showed what life can be like in Poland with only public media favorable to the authorities. On that day, Poles saw a world in which only pro-government propaganda messages exist. It would be hard to find a more adequate illustration of the importance of the problem of freedom of speech and independence of the media, especially the public media, which should effectively exercise their legally assured autonomy in shaping a pluralistic public sphere. The one-day protest of the independent media on February 10, 2021 showed what life can be like in Poland where there are only public media favoring the authorities. On that day, the Polish people saw a world in which there is only a pro-government propaganda message. It is difficult to find a more adequate illustration of the importance of the problem of freedom of speech and media independence.The relationship between the media and politics has always been seen as conflicting. In large public media institutions in Poland basic contradiction can be seen between: impartiality, political interests and citizens right freedom of speech, salary for effectiveness of work or product and for labor time. Polarization field of vision and all those contradictions are in publishing activity itself. The primary research objective is to characterize the relationship between the media and the political sphere in Poland, through the prism of the process of politicization and mediatization, which is both controversial and far ambiguous concept. In addition, an attempt to answer questions about the instrumentalization of public media in Poland after 2015 through the development of propaganda mechanisms, resulting in a threat to political pluralism — taking into account the communicative competence of media audiences. The use of public media for political purposes is a threat to political pluralism. The one-day protest of the commercial media on February 10, 2021, a democratic day, showed what life can be like in Poland with only public media favorable to the authorities. On that day, Poles saw a world in which only pro-government propaganda messages exist. It would be hard to find a more adequate illustration of the importance of the problem of freedom of speech and independence of the media, especially the public media, which should effectively exercise their legally assured autonomy in shaping a pluralistic public sphere. The one-day protest of the independent media on February 10, 2021 showed what life can be like in Poland where there are only public media favoring the authorities. On that day, the Polish people saw a world in which there is only a pro-government propaganda message. It is difficult to find a more adequate illustration of the importance of the problem of freedom of speech and media independence
Sztuka jako nauka na specjalnych zasadach. Dziedzina, instrument poznania, kryteria ewaluacji
No full textIs art a science within the Polish higher education system? Although official documents refer to the “artistic level of scientific activity”, a key national institution promoting scientific research does not finance artistic activity. The question arises about the presence of art and the criteria for its evaluation, not only within the framework of artistic disciplines, but also within the humanities and social sciences. We are talking here about Art Based Research practices that go beyond art and scientific research conventions. Including art in the area of science is the choice of the way in which the world is to be described and experienced, and affects the selection of topics and research questions. By arousing emotions, it questions the world’s dominant role, undermining the positivist dichotomy of fact–fiction, rational–emotional. At the same time, it opens up to the social environment, striving to generate socially and politically engaged knowledge. New forms of presentation require not only new competencies from researchers, but also the establishment of new criteria for evaluating scientific research, perhaps also redefining basic concepts such as science, knowledge or research. Determining and implementing these criteria depends on the decision of the state education system as well as on the evaluation authority that also shapes the science sector.Czy w obrębie polskiego systemu szkolnictwa wyższego sztuka jest nauką? Choć w oficjalnych dokumentach mowa o „poziomie artystycznym prowadzonej działalności naukowej”, kluczowa instytucja narodowa promująca badania naukowe nie finansuje działalności artystycznej. Rodzi się zatem pytanie o obecność sztuki i kryteria jej ewaluacji nie tylko w ramach dyscyplin artystycznych, lecz również nauk humanistycznych i społecznych. Mowa tu o praktykach opartych na sztuce (Art Based Research), przekraczających konwencje zarówno sztuki, jak i badań naukowych. Włączenie sztuki w obszar nauki jest bowiem równoznaczne z wyborem sposobu, poprzez który świat ma być opisywany i doświadczany, wpływa na dobór tematów i pytań badawczych. Wzbudzając emocje, kwestionuje dominującą rolę słowa, podważa pozytywistyczną dychotomię fakt–fikcja, racjonalne–emocjonalne. Jednocześnie otwiera się na otoczenie społeczne, dążąc ku generowaniu wiedzy społecznie i politycznie zaangażowanej. Nowe formy przedstawienia wymagają nie tylko wypracowania przez badaczy nowych kompetencji, lecz również ustalenia nowych kryteriów oceny badań naukowych, a być może również redefinicji podstawowych pojęć, takich jak nauka, wiedza czy badanie. Ustalenie i wdrożenie tych kryteriów jest zależne od decyzji państwowego systemu szkolnictwa, od władzy ewaluacyjnej kształtującej również sektor nauki
Kulturowe dziedzictwo Wrocławia w polityce historycznej miasta
No full textUntil the political breakthrough of 1989/90, the cultural heritage of Wrocław had been the subject of an irresolvable historical and ideological dispute between Germany and Poland, burdening their mutual relations. The exclusive use of the national paradigm by both sides in their approach to the city’s history made it impossible to bring their stances closer together. The author shows this dispute against the background of the general Polish attitude to the phenomenon of German cultural heritage in Poland after World War II and explains its evolution in Wrocław and Silesia
Podziały majątków ziemskich między szlachciankami w Wielkopolsce w XVII wieku
No full textThe article aims to present the practice and rules of divisions of landed estates between noblewomen from Greater Poland in the 17th century. One of the most important issues addressed in the text is the answer to the question whether divisions of estates between sisters inheriting their father’s property were based on the same principles as divisions of estates between men. Another important issue is the analysis of whether women, who were the only heirs to estates, advanced in the social hierarchy and the structure of the nobility in Poland in the 17th century through inheritance
Śląskie libri ordinarii z pierwszej połowy XV w. Stan badań nad typem rękopisów, przyczyny powstawania, katalog
No full textThe paper discusses the current state of research on medieval European libri ordinarii, focusing on those written in the 1st half of the 15th century in Silesia. Within the present work, the circumstances of their introduction were reconstructed and the characterof the manuscripts was described; an attempt was also made to show the probable ways through which the ideas of creating manuscripts of this type spread to Silesia from neighbouring countries. Finally, the relationship between the appearance of venerating church feasts in the triplex rite in the liturgical practice of the churches in the diocese of Wrocław in the 1st half of 15th centuryand the popularisation of libri ordinarii was examined. The above disquisition is complemented with a catalogue of the preserved libri ordinarii from the diocese of Wrocław
Wizerunek św. Stanisława Kostki w Muzeum OO. Jezuitów w Starej Wsi koło Brzozowa
No full textThe unknown history of the painting depicting St. Stanislaus Kostka, exhibited in the Jesuit Museum in Stara Wieś near Brzozów (the Museum is in turn owned by the Southern Poland Province of the Jesuit Order). This painting belonged to a group of pictures popularising the venerated image of the saint from the Jesuit novitiate Sant’Andrea al Quirinale in Rome, retaining the value of his authentic likeness. 
Wrocławski okres w życiu naukowo-dydaktycznym profesora Jana Gwiazdomorskiego jako przejaw opresji Ministerstwa Oświaty
No full textThe end of World War II tore Poland from one totalitarianism (Nazism) and pushed it into the clutches of another, equally dangerous — communism. The new order and the new ideology took over Polish reality in its entirety. Unfortunately, this also applied to science and broadly understood university life. The new authorities regulated the personnel policy almost at whim, removing from the university space those individuals considered dangerous and defiant towards the socialist system. Another, milder manifestation of disciplining scholars who did not agree to the introduction of Marxism at universities was the forced transfer of professors to other universities, sometimes hundreds of kilometers away.
The article concerns one of the most outstanding Polish lawyers of the 20th century — Prof. Jan Gwiazdomorski, and more specifically, his official relocation from the Jagiellonian University to work at the University of Wrocław. This transfer was a form of repression applied by the authorities to the scholar who did not identify himself with the new, post-war Polish political system. On the other hand, the transfer weakened the scientific community of the Jagiellonian University, which also did not hold favorable views towards socialist reality.
The article presents hitherto unknown information relating to the Wrocław period in the scientific and didactic career of this luminary of Polish civil law. The source basis of the work are archival materials — a query of Jan Gwiazdomarski’s personal files and minutes of the Faculty Councils located in the Archives of the University of Wrocław. The author, referring to the discussed phenomenon, uses a historical and retrospective approach (he examines the problem from a present-day perspective) and indicates the legal grounds for transferring the scholar to the University of Wrocław.The end of World War II tore Poland from one totalitarianism (Nazism) and pushed it into the clutches of another, equally dangerous — communism. The new order and the new ideology took over Polish reality in its entirety. Unfortunately, this also applied to science and broadly understood university life. The new authorities regulated the personnel policy almost at whim, removing from the university space those individuals considered dangerous and defiant towards the socialist system. Another, milder manifestation of disciplining scholars who did not agree to the introduction of Marxism at universities was the forced transfer of professors to other universities, sometimes hundreds of kilometers away.
The article concerns one of the most outstanding Polish lawyers of the 20th century — Prof. Jan Gwiazdomorski, and more specifically, his official relocation from the Jagiellonian University to work at the University of Wrocław. This transfer was a form of repression applied by the authorities to the scholar who did not identify himself with the new, post-war Polish political system. On the other hand, the transfer weakened the scientific community of the Jagiellonian University, which also did not hold favorable views towards socialist reality.
The article presents hitherto unknown information relating to the Wrocław period in the scientific and didactic career of this luminary of Polish civil law. The source basis of the work are archival materials — a query of Jan Gwiazdomarski’s personal files and minutes of the Faculty Councils located in the Archives of the University of Wrocław. The author, referring to the discussed phenomenon, uses a historical and retrospective approach (he examines the problem from a present-day perspective) and indicates the legal grounds for transferring the scholar to the University of Wrocław