CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
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Participatory budgeting: Is it a useful tool towards co-creation of public services?
No full textThe research aim of the present paper was to check whether participatory budgeting fulfills the concept of co-creation of public services in Poland. To achieve this goal, the following research tasks have been implemented: (1) to identify the legal solutions of citizens’ cooperation, (2) to identify the characteristics of participatory budgeting in terms of co-creating public services, (3) to identify the amount and structure of participatory budgeting, (4) to provide cross-country comparison, and (5) to identify difficulties in using participatory budgeting. It has been revealed that in 2021, participatory budgeting was most popular in big cities where it is compulsory. In 2019, Poland (with 2,014 budgets) and Portugal (1,666 budgets) were responsible for 71.69% of all implemented participatory budgets in Europe. In 2018, Europe constituted 48.9% of all worldwide projects, mostly because of their compulsory nature in Poland and Portugal. Participatory budgeting might be successful in its implementation, but needs: involvement of the local community; planning of preparatory activities; communication between all entities involved in the project; appointment of a team that will coordinate the preparation of the participatory budget. According to the research, participatory budgeting is a platform for social activation and providing services better suited to the needs of the inhabitants. Participatory budgeting is a certain form of co-creating public services, as the inhabitants create projects and decide on the allocation of funds for the implementation of public services. Nevertheless, it is a limited version of co-creation, since residents are not involved in all parts of the process. The research covers mainly the years 2018–2022. In the present paper, the following research methods have been used: analysis of scientific literature and normative documents, co-creation methodology, comparative analysis, and statistical analysis
Unternehmen „Hermann” — pacyfikacja Puszczy Nalibockiej z perspektywy SS-Sonderbataillon Dirlewanger
Get PDFThe participation of the SS-Sonderbataillon Dirlewanger in the pacifications of the partisan movement in occupied Belarus remains a topic that, despite some discussion in Polish, Russian, English and German sources, demands further scholarly attention. The article brings into focus the events taking place in the summer of 1943 in the German-occupied territory of the Nowogródek and Wilno Voivodeships of the prewar Republic of Poland, which were included the German-occupied General District of Belarus (Generalbezirk Weißruthenien/Генеральная акруга Беларусь) during the war. The anti-partisan operation (Unternehmen “Hermann”) carried out by the Germans with the participation of units consisting of Germans, Austrians, Belarusians, Lithuanians, Latvians and Ukrainians was directed against the Soviet and Polish partisans.
Of course, apart from the extensive use documents of German archives, we drew attention to documents of Polish and Soviet provenance, and in particular to the memories of Polish witnesses inhabiting the area of Naliboki Forest. The aim of this article is to present the latest scope of research on the activities of the SS-Sonderbataillon Dirlewanger in comparison with other counter-insurgency (anti-partisan) units carrying out ruthless pacification measures as part of “Bandenbekämpfung”
Mobilne dobra wspólne w epoce przedpandemicznej, pandemicznej i postpandemicznej: wnioski z doświadczeń mobilności w postmigranckich czasach
No full textThis paper examines the effect of the pandemic in the generation of simultaneous global, regional, and local processes as they materialize in realities and the potential for post-pandemic mobile commons. The paper theorizes the matter drawing on studies in the triangle of Cyprus-Greece-Turkey i.e., the south-eastern border of Europe/EU. Mobile commons is theorized in the current context by locating these processes in the pandemic and post-pandemic era, even though the first empirical work was done during the pre-pandemic period. The pandemic brought about an abrupt interruption of what is at the core of global capitalism: mobility. During this period, regimes of exception, derogation and suspension of rights were introduced across all fields of the civic, social, and political life almost all over the world. The concept of mobile commons aims to capture dynamic processes, as an ensemble or matrix of care of the society on the move, generating reciprocity on the move and a sustainability of the geography of the crossings. Digitality is part and parcel of the current migratory processes. Digitality is a space where media technologies of control coexist with the possibilities of alternative media use. To every form of control technology there is a corresponding form of resistance to it. The paper examines how mobile commons resist digital registration and the process that generate a pan-European digital border infrastructure which aims to immobilize people. It illustrates how encounters between groups produce social dialectics within institutions; struggles, conflicts, disagreements, and negotiations occur, but so do new socialities and solidarities in a world in a constant state of being remade.Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje badania nad skutkami pandemii w zakresie generowania równoległych globalnych, regionalnych i lokalnych procesów, które materializują się w rzeczywistości i określają potencjał postpandemicznych mobilnych dóbr wspólnych. Artykuł oferuje konceptualizację tych kwestii opierając się na studiach podjętych w trójkącie Cypr-Grecja-Turcja, tj. na południowo-wschodnich granicach Europy/UE. Mobilne dobra wspólne są tu teoretyzowane w bieżącym kontekście epoki pandemicznej i postpandemicznej, nawet jeśli pierwsze badania empiryczne zostały wykonane przed pandemią. Pandemia oznaczała nagłe wtargnięcie w obszar tego, co jest rdzeniem globalnego kapitalizmu: mobilności. Podczas tego okresu, reżimy stanu wyjątkowego, derogacji i zawieszenia praw zostały wprowadzone na polu życia cywilnego, społecznego i politycznego w zasadzie na całym świecie. Koncept mobilnych dóbr wspólnych ma za zadanie uchwycić dynamiczne procesy jako zestaw czy matrycę opieki społeczeństwa znajdującego się w ruchu, generujące wzajemność w ruchu i zrównoważenie w geografii przepływów. Cyfrowość jest nieodłączną częścią obecnych procesów migracyjnych. Cyfrowość to przestrzeń, w której medialne technologie kontroli współistnieją z możliwościami alternatywnego wykorzystania mediów. Każdej formie techniki kontroli towarzyszy odpowiednia forma oporu. Artykuł analizuje, w jaki sposób mobilne dobra wspólne opierają się rejestracji cyfrowej i procesowi, który wytwarza ogólnoeuropejską cyfrową infrastrukturę granic, której celem jest unieruchomienie ludzi. Ilustruje, w jaki sposób spotkania między grupami wnoszą dialektykę społeczną w ramach instytucji; pojawiają się walki, konflikty, niezgoda i negocjacje, ale pojawiają się też nowe społeczności i solidarności w świecie, który nieustannie się przeobraża
Spontaneous Gestures in L2 Naturalistic Spontaneous Interaction: Effects of Language Proficiency
Get PDFGestures produced by language learners have a positive impact on interactions; however, few studies have examined natural conversation data focusing on a learner’s spoken language proficiency level. This study investigates gesture use among learners of English as a second language with varying language proficiency levels (beginner, intermediate, and advanced) to determine whether gesture use and type (e.g., iconic, deictic, metaphoric, and beat gestures) differ by language proficiency level. This study examined 17 video-recorded dyadic interactions in English consisting of mixed-level and same-level pairs. Quantitative analysis followed by a data-driven approach demonstrated that more advanced learners employed gestures with speech more frequently than other groups. During interactions, iconic gestures were used more often by the beginner group, while deictic gestures were employed more by the advanced group. Moreover, the function of the gestures produced by each group during the interactions appeared to be qualitatively varied. These results indicate that gesture use and type may relate to learners’ language profi ciency levels. This study has revealed significant differences in gesture use among learners of English as a second language with varying language proficiency levels, providing insights into learners’ cognition process during verbal communication.Gestures produced by language learners have a positive impact on interactions; however, few studies have examined natural conversation data focusing on a learner’s spoken language proficiency level. This study investigates gesture use among learners of English as a second language with varying language proficiency levels (beginner, intermediate, and advanced) to determine whether gesture use and type (e.g., iconic, deictic, metaphoric, and beat gestures) differ by language proficiency level. This study examined 17 video-recorded dyadic interactions in English consisting of mixed-level and same-level pairs. Quantitative analysis followed by a data-driven approach demonstrated that more advanced learners employed gestures with speech more frequently than other groups. During interactions, iconic gestures were used more often by the beginner group, while deictic gestures were employed more by the advanced group. Moreover, the function of the gestures produced by each group during the interactions appeared to be qualitatively varied. These results indicate that gesture use and type may relate to learners’ language profi ciency levels. This study has revealed significant differences in gesture use among learners of English as a second language with varying language proficiency levels, providing insights into learners’ cognition process during verbal communication
Sztambuch Sebalda Sauermanna — przyczynek do kultury intelektualnej patrycjatu wrocławskiego w drugiej połowie XVI i na początku XVII wieku
No full textSebald Sauermann’s album amicorum — from the collections of the former Prussian State Library in Berlin, preserved in the Jagiellonian Library in Kraków — is one of the few albums of friendship of Wrocław inhabitants that have survived from the second half of the 16th century. So far, however, it has not been used in research on such Silesian albums, including the ones from Wrocław. The content of this album, university records, and other sources make it possible to reconstruct Sauermann’s educational journey and the circle of his acquaintances and friends. He came from a patrician family. His social status and family situation enabled him to make a long-term educational journey through Western Europe. Between 1578 and 1586 he was, for example, in Leipzig, Wittenberg, Basel, Zurich, Geneva, Paris and the British Isles, studying and visiting new places. His trip to the British Isles was unusual, as they were not a popular destination at that time. The route of this educational expedition stemmed from his family traditions, both from the side of his mother and father. Sauermann’s journey should be also viewed against a broader backdrop of educational journeys made by patricians from Wrocław in the second half of the 16th century. Young Sauermann got to know the contemporary scientists whose works were often read by the Wrocław bourgeoisie. Moreover, he met many students from Central, Western and Northern Europe. His album of friendship contains not only autographs in various languages but also painted ornaments of a heraldic character. It represents the group of “traditional” albums, which did not contain figural representations. From the similarities in style, it can be deduced that the coats of arms decorating autographs were made in larger groups in the city where he received a given autograph and funds to order decorations. This educational journey was also an opportunity for him to collect books, some of which have been identified with the use of catalogues. Sebald Sauermann should be seen as a representative of the old Wrocław patriciate with humanistic aspirations. The material evidence of Sauermann’s interests is his album and the remnants of his book collection. There was also an epitaph which he funded for his parents in the church of St. Elizabeth in Wrocław, yet it has not survived.Zarys biografii Sebalda IV Sauermanna. Podróż edukacyjna po Europie w latach 1578–1586. Krąg znajomych i przyjaciół w świetle sztambucha. Dekoracja malarska sztambucha. Księgozbiór Sebalda IV Sauermanna
Opresja i sztuka myślenia
No full textZygmunt Bauman was unquestionably one of the most popular contemporary thinkers. His writings provoked not only worldwide acclaim but also severe criticism, while the complexities of his personal life gave rise to international controversies. On the basis of three recently published biographies of Bauman, as well as a personal acquaintance and scholarly cooperation, in this paper I attempt to explain the sources of his astounding popularity, but also try to dispel mysteries and controversies surrounding his difficult carrier, especially those pertaining to the critical assessments of the scholarly quality of his work. I argue that having been released from academic duties, gradually and ever more boldly he abandoned the regime of scientific explanatory poetics in favour of an interpretative narrative of the social world, helping himself to the results of science, but also to idiosyncratically read works of poetry and fiction. Flouting academic orthodoxies, Bauman developed a unique art of transforming scientific knowledge into wisdom, and transformed himself from a scientist into a sage
Dowód z informacji zawartych w portalach społecznościowych (na przykładzie Facebooka)
Get PDFSocial networking services can be a valuable source of information about the facts relevant to the resolution of a civil case. Although the use of social media in civil proceedings has not been subjected to empirical studies so far, it is rightly noted that information obtained from social networking services, in particular from Facebook, is presented in courts almost every day. In view of the growing number of cases of using information from social networking sites, the correct practice of obtaining, recording, using and evaluating such information becomes particularly important. Therefore these issues are the subject of this study.Serwisy społecznościowe mogą być cennym źródłem informacji o faktach mających istotne znaczenie dla rozstrzygnięcia sprawy cywilnej. Choć wykorzystanie mediów społecznościowych w postępowaniu cywilnym nie było dotychczas przedmiotem badań, słusznie zauważa się, że informacje pozyskiwane z serwisów społecznościowych, w szczególności z Facebooka, prezentowane są w sądach niemal codziennie. Wobec wysokiej i stale rosnącej liczby przypadków wykorzystania informacji z serwisów społecznościowych prawidłowa praktyka pozyskiwania, rejestrowania, wykorzystywania i oceniania takich informacji nabiera szczególnego znaczenia. Dlatego też zagadnienia te są przedmiotem analizy zawartej w niniejszym opracowaniu
Doręczanie dokumentów sądowych i pozasądowych drogą elektroniczną w sprawach transgranicznych w rozporządzeniu nr 2020/1784
No full textAs of July 1, 2022, the service of judicial and extrajudicial documents in cross-border disputes in the European Union has been regulated by Regulation No. 2020/1784. The service of judicial and extrajudicial documents by electronic means is explicitly regulated by Art. 19 of Regulation No. 2020/1784. This is a new solution under EU law, as the catalog of methods of service adopted in Regulation No. 1393/2007 did not provide for the possibility of serving judicial and extrajudicial documents electronically. The primary purpose of electronic service of judicial and extrajudicial documents in cross-border cases adopted in Regulation No. 2020/1784 is to further improve and expedite the transmission, as well as service of documents between member states. The admissibility of service of documents by electronic means pursuant to Art. 19 Sec. 1 Point a or Art. 19 Sec. 1 Point b of Regulation No. 2020/1784 is subject to the addressee’s prior express consent.Od 1 lipca 2022 roku doręczanie dokumentów sądowych i pozasądowych w sporach transgranicznych w Unii Europejskiej zostało uregulowane w rozporządzeniu nr 2020/1784. Doręczanie dokumentów sądowych i pozasądowych drogą elektroniczną zostało wprost uregulowane w art. 19 tego rozporządzenia. Jest to rozwiązanie nowe na gruncie prawa unijnego, gdyż katalog sposobów doręczeń przyjęty w rozporządzeniu nr 1393/2007 nie przewidywał możliwości doręczania dokumentów sądowych i pozasądowych drogą elektroniczną. Zasadniczym celem doręczania dokumentów sądowych i pozasądowych drogą elektroniczną w sprawach transgranicznych przyjętym w rozporządzeniu nr 2020/1784 jest dalsze ulepszenie i przyspieszenie w przekazywaniu, a także doręczaniu dokumentów między państwami członkowskimi. Dopuszczalność dokonywania doręczeń dokumentów drogą elektroniczną w trybie art. 19 ust. 1 pkt a lub art. 19 ust. 1 pkt b rozporządzenia nr 2020/1784 jest uzależniona od udzielenia przez adresata uprzedniej wyraźnej zgody