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Biografia polityczna wschodniopruskiego gauleitera Ericha Kocha: Ralf Meindl, Gauleiter Prus Wschodnich. Erich Koch – biografia polityczna, Poznań–Olsztyn: Instytut Zachodni w Poznaniu, Instytut Północny w Olsztynie, 2022, ss. 419.
No full textZ wizytą w krainie mikroświatów. Obraz Szkocji i Szkotów w „The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides” Samuela Johnsona
No full textThe paper focuses on analysis of a travelogue by Samuel Johnson, presenting his perspective on 18th-century Scotland and its inhabitants. The author shows selected aspects of everyday life of Scots at that time and emphasizes the consistency between Johnson’s descriptions and the findings of modern researchers. She also highlights the significance of accounts in the vein of Johnson’s travelogue in research on mental history of the epoch and on changes which occurred in northern Scotland in the 18th century – for example, gradual disappearance of the clan system and Celtic culture
Sprawozdanie z IX konferencji kresowej pt. „Między kresami wschodnimi a Śląskiem. Biografie niebanalne”, Bytom, 17 XI 2023 r.
No full textXuicios y prexuicios sobre la oficialidá del asturianu na prensa llocal (2021)
No full textThe process of statutory reform in Asturias, defined with the aim of granting official status to the Asturian language, gained momentum in late 2021. The public debate had a significant impact on the Asturian press, with numerous publications from various political and social perspectives. In this regard, the main objective of this research is to analyze the different articles and opinion pieces on the matter that appeared at the end of 2021 in one of the most widely read newspapers in Asturias, namely El Comercio. The goal is to study, from a sociolinguistic perspective, the discourses and ideologies surrounding the linguistic diversity in Spain and, particularly, the Asturian language.El procesu de reforma estatutaria n’Asturies, definíu col envís de da-y l’estatus d’oficialidá a la llingua asturiana, garró puxu a finales del añu 2021. L’alderique públicu tuvo una gran repercusión na prensa escrita asturiana, con numberoses espublizaciones de distintes persones de tol espectru políticu y social. Nesti sen, el principal oxetivu que nos plantegamos nesta investigación ye’l de facer un análisis de los estremaos artículos y tribunes d’opinión sobre la cuestión qu’apaecieron a finales del añu 2021 nún de los diarios de mayor tirada n’Asturies, esto ye, El Comercio, col envís d’estudiar, dende una perspectiva sociollingüística, los discursos y les ideoloxíes manexaes al rodiu de la pluralidá llingüística española y, en particular, de la llingua asturiana.El procesu de reforma estatutaria n’Asturies, definíu col envís de da-y l’estatus d’oficialidá a la llingua asturiana, garró puxu a finales del añu 2021. L’alderique públicu tuvo una gran repercusión na prensa escrita asturiana, con numberoses espublizaciones de distintes persones de tol espectru políticu y social. Nesti sen, el principal oxetivu que nos plantegamos nesta investigación ye’l de facer un análisis de los estremaos artículos y tribunes d’opinión sobre la cuestión qu’apaecieron a finales del añu 2021 nún de los diarios de mayor tirada n’Asturies, esto ye, El Comercio, col envís d’estudiar, dende una perspectiva sociollingüística, los discursos y les ideoloxíes manexaes al rodiu de la pluralidá llingüística española y, en particular, de la llingua asturiana
Cambio de código e acomodación lingüística ante as cámaras de televisión: a gheada e o rotacismo. Unha achega ao cambio lingüístico no galego
No full textCode-switching and linguistic accommodation are more or less natural and common phenomena within bilingual communities composed of speakers who, the greater their linguistic repertoire, the more pragmatic possibilities they will have when communicating with their interlocutor, adapting to the topic, situation or registration.
How these changes occur and what they mean for the ongoing linguistic change in Galician will be the objective of this work. In addition, we will focus on the analysis of the behavior of a group of Moranese speakers with respect to the dialectal features of the gheada and the rhotacism when they are recorded by television cameras. Thus, and following Lavob’s variationist sociolinguistics methodology, we were able to observe that gheada is the trait that will receive the greatest accommodation in the face of the great maintenance of rotacism, that women are the most innovative group and that the younger generation seems to recover some uses traditional language.O cambio de código e a acomodación lingüística son fenómenos máis ou menos naturais e comúns dentro das comunidades bilingües compostas por falantes que, canto maior sexa o seu repertorio lingüístico, máis posibilidades pragmáticas terán á hora de comunicarse co seu interlocutor, adaptarse ao tema, situación ou rexistro. Como se producen estas mudanzas e que supoñen para o cambio lingüístico en marcha no galego será o obxectivo deste traballo. Ademais, centrarémonos na análise do comportamento dun grupo de falantes morañeses con respecto aos trazos dialectais da gheada e o rotacismo cando son gravados polas cámaras de televisión. Así, e seguindo a metodoloxía da sociolingüística variacionista de Lavob, puidemos observar que é a gheada o trazo que maior acomodación vai recibir fronte ao gran mantemento do rotacismo, que as mulleres son o grupo máis innovador e que a xeración máis nova semella recuperar algúns usos tradicionais da lingua.O cambio de código e a acomodación lingüística son fenómenos máis ou menos naturais e comúns dentro das comunidades bilingües compostas por falantes que, canto maior sexa o seu repertorio lingüístico, máis posibilidades pragmáticas terán á hora de comunicarse co seu interlocutor, adaptarse ao tema, situación ou rexistro. Como se producen estas mudanzas e que supoñen para o cambio lingüístico en marcha no galego será o obxectivo deste traballo. Ademais, centrarémonos na análise do comportamento dun grupo de falantes morañeses con respecto aos trazos dialectais da gheada e o rotacismo cando son gravados polas cámaras de televisión. Así, e seguindo a metodoloxía da sociolingüística variacionista de Lavob, puidemos observar que é a gheada o trazo que maior acomodación vai recibir fronte ao gran mantemento do rotacismo, que as mulleres son o grupo máis innovador e que a xeración máis nova semella recuperar algúns usos tradicionais da lingua
Auschwitz przed sądem — jurystyczny akt ostatni
No full textThe aim of the article is to briefly summarize the evolution of the approach of the German judiciary to the prosecution of the perpetrators directly involved in the extermination of Jews, primarily in the Auschwitz-Birkenau and Sobibór camps. Initially proposed by Fritz Bauer, the model of responsibility for aiding extermination by everyone belonging to the camp staff (the so-called Bauer formula) was immediately rejected by the judiciary, which, together with the dogma of criminal law and the legislator (the Dreher Act), dealt with searching for such interpretations and legal solutions which made it possible not to bring charges against any of the members of the death camp staff . This approach was abandoned only in three judgments, against Ivan Demianiuk in 2011, Oskar Gröning in 2015 and Reinhold Hanning in 2016. In opposition to the original approach of the German judiciary, the position of the Polish judicature remains as presented in the process of the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp in 1947. The model of responsibility adopted at that time is still valid, both in terms of the legal foundations still in force (the so-called August decree) and in terms of the dogmatic model of assessing complicity to genocide.The aim of the article is to briefly summarize the evolution of the approach of the German judiciary to the prosecution of the perpetrators directly involved in the extermination of Jews, primarily in the Auschwitz-Birkenau and Sobibór camps. Initially proposed by Fritz Bauer, the model of responsibility for aiding extermination by everyone belonging to the camp staff (the so-called Bauer formula) was immediately rejected by the judiciary, which, together with the dogma of criminal law and the legislator (the Dreher Act), dealt with searching for such interpretations and legal solutions which made it possible not to bring charges against any of the members of the death camp staff . This approach was abandoned only in three judgments, against Ivan Demianiuk in 2011, Oskar Gröning in 2015 and Reinhold Hanning in 2016. In opposition to the original approach of the German judiciary, the position of the Polish judicature remains as presented in the process of the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp in 1947. The model of responsibility adopted at that time is still valid, both in terms of the legal foundations still in force (the so-called August decree) and in terms of the dogmatic model of assessing complicity to genocide
Dyskurs strukturalnej konieczności jako czynnik totalitaryzacji polityki i prawa. Efekt cieplarniany i pandemia COVID-19 jako polityczne „hybrydy”
No full textThis article discusses the contemporary discourse of justifying the abandonment of the protection of rights by a higher necessity, which is presented as resulting both from the indications of science and from the structural features of modern society. Such ideas are proclaimed, among others, on the occasion of the phenomena referred to as the COVID-19 pandemic and the greenhouse effect and climate crisis, and are in turn addressed by institutional and political actions. The aim of the article is to analyze this discourse and its effects on the way of understanding politics and law, and in particular the totalitarian tendencies it generates. The author adopts a hermeneutical perspective as a methodological starting point and refers to a certain understanding of politics and law as based on practical reason, which is established in the Western philosophical tradition. This then serves to outline an ideal type of discourse of structural necessity as a rejection of this type of rationality. In doing so, the author refers to the interpretation of commonly known ideological tendencies and institutional facts. The presentation of the less obvious feature of this discourse, i.e. the identification of natural and political necessity, is supported by the author with references to contemporary philosophical and political concepts dealing with the relationship between the social and natural spheres. The conclusion is that this discourse eliminates the idea of the subject, politics understood as the sphere of manifestation of subjectivity, law as an art based on practical rationality, and finally the separation of science and power.This article discusses the contemporary discourse of justifying the abandonment of the protection of rights by a higher necessity, which is presented as resulting both from the indications of science and from the structural features of modern society. Such ideas are proclaimed, among others, on the occasion of the phenomena referred to as the COVID-19 pandemic and the greenhouse effect and climate crisis, and are in turn addressed by institutional and political actions. The aim of the article is to analyze this discourse and its effects on the way of understanding politics and law, and in particular the totalitarian tendencies it generates. The author adopts a hermeneutical perspective as a methodological starting point and refers to a certain understanding of politics and law as based on practical reason, which is established in the Western philosophical tradition. This then serves to outline an ideal type of discourse of structural necessity as a rejection of this type of rationality. In doing so, the author refers to the interpretation of commonly known ideological tendencies and institutional facts. The presentation of the less obvious feature of this discourse, i.e. the identification of natural and political necessity, is supported by the author with references to contemporary philosophical and political concepts dealing with the relationship between the social and natural spheres. The conclusion is that this discourse eliminates the idea of the subject, politics understood as the sphere of manifestation of subjectivity, law as an art based on practical rationality, and finally the separation of science and power
“Heldenplatz” by Thomas Bernhard or frightening ado about nothing
No full textDer vorliegende Beitrag ist dem Drama Heldenplatz von Thomas Bernhard gewidmet, seinem wohl bekanntesten Theaterstück, dessen Premiere im Wiener Burgtheater 1988 einen großen Skandal auslöste. Er entzündete sich an den auf der Bühne fallenden abfälligen Worten über Österreich und die Österreicher, die man entweder als eine unzulässige Zumutung oder als eine längst überfällige Abrechnung mit der verdrängten nationalsozialistischen Vergangenheit des Landes interpretierte. Die Analyse des Textes führt zum Ergebnis, dass es Bernhard gar nicht um die vordergründige plakative Österreichkritik ging. Sein eigentliches Anliegen lag vielmehr in der hier benutzten Sprache, deren menschenverachtende Rhetorik auf die ideologischen Raster der NS-Propaganda rekurrierte. Die öffentliche Erregung nach der Premiere zeigte, dass man eine solche Sprache der österreichischen Öffentlichkeit immer noch zumuten konnte. Der Schriftsteller stellte damit eine durchaus beängstigende Diagnose, die die österreichischen Medien und die Diskurskultur des ganzen Landes betraf.This paper concerns Heldenplatz, the play by Thomas Bernhard which premiered in 1988 at the Vienna Burgtheater and provoked a big public row. The reason were offensive words about Austria and the Austrians spoken on the stage. The critics and the public interpreted the play as a way of coming to terms with the Austrian National Socialist history or as a blameworthy imposition. The analysis in the paper leads to the conclusion that the bold criticism of Austria was not the true in- tention of the playwright. His real concern was the language spoken on the stage. Its imitation of the simplistic rhetoric of the ideological patterns of the National Socialism propaganda served to test the public validity of these patterns. Bernhard showed that the public was still ready to use this kind of language, and thereby made a frightening diagnosis of the contemporary Austrian society.Der vorliegende Beitrag ist dem Drama Heldenplatz von Thomas Bernhard gewidmet, seinem wohl bekanntesten Theaterstück, dessen Premiere im Wiener Burgtheater 1988 einen großen Skandal auslöste. Er entzündete sich an den auf der Bühne fallenden abfälligen Worten über Österreich und die Österreicher, die man entweder als eine unzulässige Zumutung oder als eine längst überfällige Abrechnung mit der verdrängten nationalsozialistischen Vergangenheit des Landes interpretierte. Die Analyse des Textes führt zum Ergebnis, dass es Bernhard gar nicht um die vordergründige plakative Österreichkritik ging. Sein eigentliches Anliegen lag vielmehr in der hier benutzten Sprache, deren menschenverachtende Rhetorik auf die ideologischen Raster der NS-Propaganda rekurrierte. Die öffentliche Erregung nach der Premiere zeigte, dass man eine solche Sprache der österreichischen Öffentlichkeit immer noch zumuten konnte. Der Schriftsteller stellte damit eine durchaus beängstigende Diagnose, die die österreichischen Medien und die Diskurskultur des ganzen Landes betraf
Betrachtungen über die Betrachtungen. Einige Überlegungen zum polnischen Faden in den „Betrachtungen eines Unpolitischen“ von Thomas Mann
No full textDer folgende Artikel ist als eine Marginalie zu der 2022 erschienenen polnischen Übersetzung des Monumentalwerks Thomas Manns Betrachtungen eines Unpolitischen zu lesen. Im Fokus stehen vor allem die Polen-Erwähnungen in dem Werk. Anhand ausgewählter Zitate kann der politische Diskurs und wichtige Akteure der literarisch-politischen Szene der Zeit näher betrachtet werden. Darunter der kulturpolitische Publizist Carl Jentsch und der westpreußische Schriftsteller Bogumil Golz, der in den 1860ern eine ethnographische Studie über die Deutschen verfasste. Es wird auf Meinungen hingewiesen, die Manns Ansichten zu der Zeit beeinflusst haben konnten. Untersucht werden ebenfalls Manns Aussagen über die preußische Wahlreform und Stellen in seinem Werk, die sich für einen polnischen Übersetzer als gewissermaßen problematisch erwiesen haben. Überdies wird kurz die Annahme des Werks in Polen besprochen, sowie die allgemeine Einstellung des Nachbarlandes zu Manns Oeuvre aus der Zeit des Ersten Weltkrieges.The following article should be read as marginalia to the Polish translation of the monumental work Thomas Mann’s The Reflections of a Nonpolitical Man, published in 2022. The focus lies on the mentions of Poland in the work. Using selected quotations, the political discourse and important figures of the political as well as literary scene of the time can be examined more precisely. For example, the cultural-political journalist Carl Jentsch and the West-Prussian writer Bogumil Golz, who wrote an ethnographic study about the Germans in the 1860s. Attention is drawn to opinions that may have influenced Mann’s views at the time. What else is discussed in these marginalia are Mann’s statements about the Prussian electoral reform and passages in his work, that proved somewhat problematic for a Polish translator. In addition, the author looks briefly at the acceptance of the Reflections in Poland, as well as its general attitude towards Mann’s oeuvre from the time of the First World War.Der folgende Artikel ist als eine Marginalie zu der 2022 erschienenen polnischen Übersetzung des Monumentalwerks Thomas Manns Betrachtungen eines Unpolitischen zu lesen. Im Fokus stehen vor allem die Polen-Erwähnungen in dem Werk. Anhand ausgewählter Zitate kann der politische Diskurs und wichtige Akteure der literarisch-politischen Szene der Zeit näher betrachtet werden. Darunter der kulturpolitische Publizist Carl Jentsch und der westpreußische Schriftsteller Bogumil Golz, der in den 1860ern eine ethnographische Studie über die Deutschen verfasste. Es wird auf Meinungen hingewiesen, die Manns Ansichten zu der Zeit beeinflusst haben konnten. Untersucht werden ebenfalls Manns Aussagen über die preußische Wahlreform und Stellen in seinem Werk, die sich für einen polnischen Übersetzer als gewissermaßen problematisch erwiesen haben. Überdies wird kurz die Annahme des Werks in Polen besprochen, sowie die allgemeine Einstellung des Nachbarlandes zu Manns Oeuvre aus der Zeit des Ersten Weltkrieges
