CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
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Hiszpańska wojna domowa — nowe spojrzenie na pierwsze starcie totalitaryzmów i propagandę zwaśnionych obozów
No full textThe reviewed book by the British historian Antony Beevor (born in 1946) is a comprehensive work on the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). It adds new details to the rich literature of the subject, paying particular attention to, among others, the intervention of the totalitarian regimes of Europe at that time, i.e. German Nazis, Italian fascists and Soviet communists. An important aspect discussed in the book is the propaganda (internal and external) used by both warring camps. The monograph is neutral — in some fragments one can even notice “symmetrical” treatment of both sides of the conflict, e.g. in the case of atrocities committed. This review article also cites other sources from the extensive literature on the subject
Prawo jako narzędzie limitowania swobód obywatelskich w czasach Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej. Cenzura jako instrument ograniczania wolności wyrażania poglądów
No full textIn democratic states of law, an instrumental understanding of the law allows it to be treated as a tool for achieving the goals set by the legislator. The goal, which the legislator intends to achieve by means of lawmaking, is socially useful and accepted by the society. The notion of instrumentalisation of law acquired an unequivocally pejorative connotation after the experiences of the communist period in Poland, when the phenomenon of ideologisation of law prevailed. The issuing of the Decree-Law of 5 July 1946 on the establishment of the Main Office of Press, Publication and Audience Control, the provisions of which infringed the constitutional freedom of speech and expression, was a blatant manifestation of this. In turn, the introduction of preventive censorship itself served the objectives of the ruling Communist Party, which (in addition to strengthening the party’s monopoly and building an authoritarian regime) were to prevent the dissemination of content inconvenient to the authorities
Ochrona środowiska naturalnego przez międzynarodowe prawo karne
No full textThe article’s goal is to determine the relevance of international criminal law for the protection of environment. It examines the potential enforcement of international environmental law by bringing perpetrators of violations to international criminal responsibility. The analysis thus touches upon fundamental issues of what an international crime is, who may commit it and to what extent it may be subject to punishment. Furthermore, it discusses the extension of the jurisdiction of the ICC to cover acts harmful to the natural environment, also by accommodating environmental concerns into the existing treaty-framework. From a more general perspective, the analysis offers a critical examination of the overlap or convergence between environmental protection goals and contemporary international criminal law, also giving expression to the actual condition of international cooperation in both these areas
Stare Południe przeciwko tyranii Unii — spór o naturę Stanów Zjednoczonych w epoce „antebellum”
No full textAccording to the author, the roots of the American Civil War lie in the constitutional controversy that already existed during the Philadelphia convention. The dispute over the shape of the Union led to the constitutional compromise , which did not define the relationship between the federal government and the states clearly enough. The interpretation of the Constitution in the first decades of the United States and the centralization of power led to the Southern separatism, which was founded on the concept of states’ rights. Basing on it, Southern politicians derived the right to nullify the acts of federal power and ultimately the right to secede. In the article the author analyzes the views of the most prominent representatives of the South: John Taylor of Caroline, St. George Tucker, Robert Y. Hayne and John C.Calhoun, who laid the theoretical foundations of resistance to the tyranny of the Union
Powstanie i upadek junty wojskowej czarnych pułkowników w Grecji 1967–1974
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to present the three phases that made up the seven-year rule of the military regime in Greece, known as the Black Colonels Junta. An attempt has been made to demonstrate the specifics of the regime’s actions undertaken within each phase. Particular attention has been given to phase two, in which an attempt has been made to show the mechanisms of the oppressive actions taken against Greek society
Motivational development of the image of the Bohemian Forest’s past
No full textThe article seeks to answer the question of the historical development of the depiction of Bohemian Forestʼs past, and what motives may therefore interfere with the nature of the current discourse on the management of the Bohemian Forest National Park. To this end I analysed a corpus of nearly fifty prefaces and afterwords to mostly tourist guides to the Bohemian Forest from 1883–2013. The research itself consists of a qualitative part, based on simple reading, and a quantitative part, based on collocation and concordance corpus analysis. The result indicate that the image of the Bohemian Forestʼs past has a long-standing motif of enduring continuity ending with a break, which is often portrayed in various ways—e.g. as the accession of the Habsburgs to the Czech throne, the expulsion of the German-speaking population after 1945, the storm of 1870, or even the establishment of a national park in 1991. I find it remarkable that the competing image based on the motif of permanent continuity appears mainly in texts from the period 1945–1990
Industry, commerce and cleanliness: Franciszek Ksawery Bohusz in the Low Countries
No full textFranciszek Ksawery Bohusz (1746–1820) was an educated clergyman who travelled across Europe between 1777 and 1778. During his travels, he also visited the Low Countries. During the expedition, he kept a diary, which he carefully compiled after returning home. The article answers the question about Bohusz’s way of portraying the Dutch reality against the background of earlier (mainly 17th-century) and contemporary (to him) accounts by Polish travellers. The imagological reflection used therein makes it possible to show continuity as well as change. Bohusz was concerned with what his predecessors had been interested in – architecture, works of art, people and their customs. In these parts, his diary does not differ from the memoirs of other travellers from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth a hundred or two hundred years ago and confirms the persistence of the stereotypical image of the Dutch in the Polish world view. However, new elements dominate. Franciszek Bohusz paid much more attention to legal, economic and social matters. In the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, he was primarily concerned with political issues, especially the principle of unanimous voting. He reports with great interest on the local economy and trade, describing in detail the factories he saw and the canal-based waterway system, which he found excellent. He was also surprised to note that such a rich country struggled with the problem of poverty. He also described the methods employed by the local authorities to combat it. As a clergyman, he was interested in the worship of the various confessions whose services he attended. An interesting novelty of his writing stems from his sensitivity the arts and a certain painterly perception of reality
,,Grechuta z Chopina jest i basta!”. Ślady Chopina we wczesnej lirycznej twórczości Marka Grechuty
No full textIn this article the author examines the influence of Fryderyk Chopin’s work and style on the early work of Marek Grechuta based on his 1970 concept album Marek Grechuta & Anawa. The author claims that Grechuta’s early work can be classified as lyrical. She outlines common features, such as: poetic musical language, references to Romantic traditions, motifs from Polish folk music and references to jazz music. She then points to and discusses specific songs from the album in which Chopin’s influence resounds: Wesele [The wedding], W dzikie wino zaplątani [Tangled in Ivy], Zadymka [Blizzard], Będziesz moją panią [You Shall Be My Lady]. Following Wojciech Majewski, she defines the representative Grechutian waltz variety inspired by the singer’s work. In reference to Grechuta’s perception as a “tender poet,” she discusses the lyrics from the first album, which were published in two volumes of poetry — pointing out the differences between them. The author uses literary and musicological analysis in her work, focusing on music studies and song studies.W niniejszym artykule autorka bada wpływ twórczości i stylu Fryderyka Chopina na wczesną twórczość Marka Grechuty na podstawie jego pierwszego albumu koncepcyjnego Marek Grechuta & Anawa z 1970 roku. Autorka twierdzi, że wczesną twórczość Grechuty można nazwać liryczną, popierając swoją tezę przykładami. Zauważa wspólne dla obu twórców cechy, takie jak: poetycki język muzyczny, nawiązania do romantycznych tradycji, motywy polskiej muzyki ludowej, odniesienia do muzyki jazzowej. Omawia konkretne utwory z pierwszej płyty pieśniarza, w których wybrzmiewa wpływ Chopina: Serce, Wesele, W dzikie wino zaplątani, Zadymka, Będziesz moją panią. Odwołując się do ustaleń Wojciecha Majewskiego, omawia reprezentacyjną Grechutowską odmianę walca inspirowaną twórczością Chopina. W nawiązaniu do nazwy ,,poeta czuły” omawia teksty z pierwszej płyty, które zostały opublikowane w dwóch tomikach poetyckich, wskazując widoczne między nimi różnice. Autorka w pracy wykorzystuje analizę literacką oraz analizę muzykologiczną, skupiając się na badaniach music studies oraz piosenkologii
Trzy listy Jana Czeczota z lat 1844–1845 do Adolfa Kobylińskiego z Cieszewli. Kręgi poszukiwań archiwalnych i materiały dotyczące sylwetek korespondentów z Nowogródczyzny (część druga)
No full textThis paper offers a presentation of three hitherto unknown letters, written in the 1844–1845 period by Jan Czeczot (1796–1847): Philomath, poet, researcher of folklore and former exile, addressed to his distant relative Adolf Kobyliński (1816–1894): patriotic landowner and collector of historical souvenirs living in Cieszewla (Nowogród county, Minsk province).
The shortage of epistolographic sources and comprehensive research on this particular episode of Czeczot’s biography necessitated this edition of the let-ters to be preceded by two sizable introductory chapters. Part one, published in the previous volume of Prace Literackie, establishes the rules and scope of a future archive research that would supplement the collection of Czeczot’s letters written after his return from exile to his native Nowogród region, which is currently scarce. Part two collects and summarizes data about Czeczot’s correspondents from his home province that were published in print at an earlier date.
Taking into account the shortage of printed sources and existing literary-historical research, this part of the article can be used for contextual reference for future considerations on the figures discussed within and the literary, historical and cultural geography of the period. At a time when the epistolographic base will be sufficiently broadened, the presented article could be of some use for further research on Jan Czeczot’s life and literary work and help shed light on the regrettably obscure world of the Nowogród noble circle and the prominent figures that populated it.Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie, nieznanych dotąd szerzej badaniom historycznoliterackim, trzech listów z lat 1844–1845 Jana Czeczota (1796–1847), filomaty, poety, folklorysty i byłego zesłańca, do dalekiego krewnego Adolfa Kobylińskiego (1816–1894) z Cieszewli (powiat nowogródzki, gubernia mińska), światłego i patriotycznego ziemianina oraz kolekcjonera pamiątek historycznych.
Edycja korespondencji, z uwagi na niepełnośćpublikacji źródeł epistolograficznych i zadowalających ustaleńdotyczących biografii Jana Czeczota w tymże okresie, poprzedzona została dwoma, dośćobszernymi tu, rozdziałami, z których pierwszy ustalaćma zakres i zasady badańodnoszących siędo przyszłych poszukiwańarchiwalnych, uzupełniających bardzo skromny jak dotąd zespół listów Jana Czeczota po jego powrocie z zesłania w ojczyste, nowogródzkie strony. Druga część artykułu zbiera i przedstawia, podane przed laty drukiem, materiały dotyczące sylwetek korespondentów z Nowogródczyzny. Ze względu na fragmentarycznośćedycji źródłowych oraz dotychczasowych badańhistorycznoliterackich, częśćta stanowićmoże, jak zakłada autor niniejszego artykułu, przynajmniej kontekst do przyszłych rozważańdotyczących wymienionych postaci oraz geografii literackiej, historycznej i kulturowej tych lat. Po uzyskaniu zaśszerszej bazy epistolograficznej przedłożona praca będzie też przydatna w kolejnych ustaleniach dotyczących życia i twórczości Jana Czeczota, tak aby poszerzaćmogła nasząwiedzęo wiecie wciąż mało znanych nam lat i dawnych bohaterach ziem szlacheckiej Nowogródczyzny